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How can I return a variable from a function that is opening a file using filedialog after selecting a tkinter button?

All of the tutorials I have seen deomonstrate the tkinter filedialog.askopenfilename function by only using the information collected within the function that is linked to the tkinter button. I can pass information in the function, but I would like to pass variables (filepath, images, etc.) outside the function and have them update variables in my GUI.
I have commented out the location I would like to call the variables in main_gui_setup function below. Any help will be appreciated, as it has been very demoralizing not being able to open a file. If this problem persists, my future as a programmer may be limited to creating tic-tac-toe games or instructional videos for Youtube.
from tkinter import *
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
from PIL import ImageTk, Image # was import PIL.Image, PIL.ImageTk
import cv2
def main():
root = Tk()
window1 = Window(root, "X-ray Assist", "Give up")
return None
# can't pass by reference in python
class Window():
n = 0
file_path = ""
img1_info = ""
def __init__(self, root, title, message):
self.root = root
self.root.title(title)
#self.root.geometry(geometry)
self.screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
self.screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
#self.root.attributes('-topmost', 1)
# SET APP WINDOW SIZE
scr_size_main = self.scr_size() # create instance of scr_size
self.root.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (self.root_width, self.root_height, self.root_x, self.root_y))
# CREATE MAIN WINDOW GUI
create_gui = self.main_gui_setup()
self.root.mainloop()
pass
def scr_size(self):
'''Reads monitor size and adjusts GUI frame sizes'''
self.root_width = int(self.screen_width*0.52)
self.root_height = int(self.screen_height*0.9)
self.root_x = int(self.screen_width*0.23)
self.root_y = int(self.screen_height*0.02)
self.img_ht_full = int(self.screen_height*0.82)
self.tools_nb_width = int(self.screen_width*0.22)
self.tools_nb_height = int(self.screen_height*0.48)
self.hist_nb_width = int(self.screen_width*0.22)
self.hist_nb_height = int(self.screen_height*0.23)
def open_image(self):
main_win = ttk.Frame(self.root)
main_win.grid(column=0, row=0)
self.file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='/', title='Open File',
filetypes=(('tif files', '*.tif'), ('all files', '*.*')))
self.file_path_label = ttk.Label(main_win, text=self.file_path)
self.file_path_label.grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=1, sticky="nw", padx=(5,0), pady=1)
self.img1_8bit = cv2.imread(self.file_path, 0) #, cv2.IMREAD_ANYDEPTH | cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
#self.img1_8bit_resize = cv2.resize(self.img1_8bit, (self.img_ht_full, self.img_ht_full)) #, interpolation = cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
#self.img1_height, self.img1_width = self.img1_8bit.shape # not resized for screen
#img1_info = text = f"{self.img1_height} {self.img1_8bit.dtype} {self.img1_16bit.dtype}"
#print(self.img1_width, " x ", self.img1_height, " bitdepth = ", self.img1_8bit.dtype)
#img1_info = ttk.Label
#print(f"{self.img1_height} {self.img1_width} {self.img1_8bit.dtype}")
#img1_info.grid(column=3, row=1, columnspan=1, sticky="w", padx=(5,0), pady=1)
#img = io.imread(main_win.filename) #scikit
self.img1_16bit = cv2.imread(self.file_path, cv2.IMREAD_ANYDEPTH | cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
#self.img_canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, width=self.img_ht_full, height=self.img_ht_full)
#self.img_canvas.grid(column=1, row=2, columnspan=10, rowspan=10, sticky="nw")
#self.img_canvas.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=Image.fromarray(self.img1_8bit_resize))
#self.img_canvas.create_image(0,0, image=self.img_canvas.image, anchor="nw")
# .create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill="color")
#self.img_canvas.create_line((self.img_ht_full/2), 0, (self.img_ht_full/2), (self.img_ht_full), fill="yellow")
#self.img_canvas.create_line(0, (self.img_ht_full/2), (self.img_ht_full), (self.img_ht_full/2), fill="yellow")
def main_gui_setup(self):
main_win = ttk.Frame(self.root)
main_win.grid(column=0, row=0)
image_win = ttk.Frame(main_win, borderwidth=25, relief="groove", width=self.img_ht_full, height=self.img_ht_full)
image_win.grid(column=1, row=2, columnspan=10, rowspan=10, sticky="nw")
toolbar = ttk.Frame(main_win, borderwidth=5) #, width=1100, height=15)
toolbar.grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=10, rowspan=1, sticky="nw", padx=20)
hist_win = ttk.Frame(main_win, borderwidth=25, relief="groove", width=300, height=200)
panel_info = ttk.Label(main_win, text=f"{self.screen_width} x {self.screen_height}")
panel_info.grid(column=5, row=1, columnspan=1, sticky="e", pady=1)
# SCROLL SLIDER AT BOTTOM
slider = ttk.Scrollbar(main_win, orient="horizontal")
slider.grid(column=1, row=13, columnspan=7, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="ew")
#X-RAY AND DETECTOR SETTINGS - will input these from separate class
kv = ttk.Label(main_win, text="125kV")
kv.grid(column=0, row=2, columnspan=1, padx=15, pady=5)
file_path_label = ttk.Label(main_win, text="No image loaded")
file_path_label.grid(column=1, row=1, columnspan=1, sticky="nw", padx=(5,0), pady=1)
# CREATE BUTTONS
open = ttk.Button(toolbar, text="Open", width=10, command=self.open_image)
open.grid(column=0, row=0)
save = ttk.Button(toolbar, text="Save", width=10)
save.grid(column=1, row=0)
b1 = ttk.Button(toolbar, text="1", width=10)
b1.grid(column=2, row=0)
b2 = ttk.Button(toolbar, text="2", width=10)
b2.grid(column=3, row=0)
pass
main()

You aren't thinking of event driven programming correctly. In event driven programming you have callbacks to the functions you defined. Let's look at your code:
def get_path(self):
...
self.path_label = ...
...
def main_gui_setup(self):
main_win = ttk.Frame(self.root)
main_win.pack()
open = ttk.Button(main_win, text="Open", width=10, command=self.get_path)
open.pack()
# Problematic code:
# main_label = ttk.Label(main_win, self.path_label)
# main_label.pack()
When main_gui_setup is called it creates a frame and a button inside it. When the button is clicked it calls get_path which sets up the path_label variable. The problem that you were facing is that that as soon as you create your button (without waiting for the button to be pressed), you create the label called main_label.
For a simple fix to your problem try this:
def get_path(self):
...
self.file_path = ...
self.path_label = ...
...
def button_callback(self, main_win):
# set up
self.get_path()
# My guess is that you wanted `self.file_path` here instead of `self.path_label`
main_label = ttk.Label(main_win, self.file_path)
main_label.pack()
def main_gui_setup(self):
main_win = ttk.Frame(self.root)
main_win.pack()
# I am using a lambda and passing in `main_win` because you haven't
# assigned it to `self` using `self.main_win = ...`
open = ttk.Button(main_win, text="Open", width=10, command=lambda: self.button_callback(main_win))
open.pack()

I am still confused by what You are trying to accomplish:
from tkinter import Tk, Button, Label, filedialog
class MainWindow(Tk):
def __init__(self):
Tk.__init__(self)
self.open_file_btn = Button(self, text='Open', command=self.open_file)
self.open_file_btn.pack()
self.file_name = None
def open_file(self):
self.file_name = filedialog.askopenfilename()
Label(self, text=self.file_name).pack()
root = MainWindow()
root.mainloop()
I will explain what will happen here! (You can change the .askopenfilename() attributes obviously).
When the program opens the filedialog and You select a file, that file name will now get assigned to self.file_name and that variable can be used anywhere in the class.
also from what I have seen You should learn more about classes and PEP 8

How to make child Tkinter object trigger a change in parent's widget

Edit: thanks to #jasonharper's comments below I can ask a more informed question:
I have a main app, and a separate module snipping_tool.py that handles creating a new window with the option to screen-snip or select an image file. I want snipping_tool.py to provide an image to the main app, but currently I'm trying to retrieve the image too soon (before the snipping_tool window even opens).
How can I wait until the user selects or grabs an image before I try to assign MyNewObject.selected_image? Should I use a binding or some event handler? (I have limited experience with both). Or is there a simpler way?
Simplified Main App:
import tkinter as tk
import snipping_tool
class MinCodeEx:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.ButtonA = tk.Button(width=60,height=40,command = lambda: self.UpdateImg(master))
self.ButtonA.pack()
def UpdateImg(self, master):
newDialog = snipping_tool.AcquireImage(self.master)
# self.ButtonA['image'] = newDialog.image_selected
#if newDialog.image_selected:
self.ButtonA.config(image=newDialog.image_selected)
print(newDialog.image_selected)
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
MinCodeEx(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
snipping_tool.py
returns None instead of an image file since I'm trying to retrieve the selected_image too soon.
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import ImageGrab, ImageTk, Image
import cv2
import numpy as np
from tkinter import filedialog
class ScreenSnip(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master):
super().__init__(master)
self.image = None
def get_snip(self):
self.configure(cursor='cross')
self.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
self.attributes('-alpha', 0.4)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='dark gray')
self.canvas.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.begin_x = 0
self.begin_y = 0
self.end_x = 0
self.end_y = 0
self.click_drag = False
self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 0, 0, outline='#0052d6', width=2, fill='white', tags='snip_rect')
self.canvas.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self.mousePressEvent)
self.canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.mouseMoveEvent)
self.canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.mouseReleaseEvent)
print('Capture the screen...')
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.begin_x = event.x
self.begin_y = event.y
print(self.begin_x,self.begin_y)
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
self.click_drag = True
self.end_x = event.x
self.cur_y = event.y
width = self.end_x - self.begin_x
height = abs(width * 2/3)
if self.cur_y < self.begin_y:
height *= -1
self.end_y = self.begin_y + height
self.canvas.coords('snip_rect', self.begin_x, self.begin_y, self.end_x, self.end_y)
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
self.destroy()
self.master.update_idletasks()
self.master.after(100) # give time for screen to be refreshed so as not to see the blue box on the screenshot
if not self.click_drag: # if the user just clicks, instead of clicking and dragging
self.begin_x -= 300
self.begin_y += 200
self.end_x = self.begin_x + 600
self.end_y = self.begin_y - 400
x1 = min(self.begin_x, self.end_x)
y1 = min(self.begin_y, self.end_y)
x2 = max(self.begin_x, self.end_x)
y2 = max(self.begin_y, self.end_y)
self.img = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(x1, y1, x2, y2))
self.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.img)
#self.img = cv2.cvtColor(np.array(img), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
#cv2.imshow('Captured Image', self.img)
#cv2.waitKey(0)
font1 = ("arial", 18, "bold")
class AcquireImage:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.nWin = tk.Toplevel(master)
self.fontA = ("arial", 20, "bold")
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.nWin, bg="#1B2631")
self.frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
self.button1 = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Select Image File", padx=10, pady=10, bg="#d9a193",
font = self.fontA, command =lambda: self.show_dialogs(1))
self.button1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")#, padx=10, pady=10)
self.button2 = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Get Screen Snip", padx=10, pady=10, bg="#d9a193",
font = self.fontA, command=lambda: self.show_dialogs(2))
self.button2.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")#, padx=10, pady=10)
self.image_selected = None
def show_dialogs(self, method): ################### THIS IS WHERE THE IMAGE IS SELECTED ###########
if method == 1:
ret = filedialog.askopenfilename()
if ret:
self.image_selected = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = ret)
self.nWin.destroy()
elif method == 2:
newWin = ScreenSnip(self.nWin)
newWin.get_snip()
ret = newWin.image
if ret:
self.image_selected = ret
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
AcquireImage(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

#jasonharper was right. This solution is derived from his comments.
When I create an instance of AcquireImage I also pass ButtonA as a parameter so that I can modify its image. Within AcquireImage I first get a new image (either by snipping it, or with the file explorer) and then to avoid garbage collection immediately deleting it, I save it by assigning it to ButtonA.img. (I first create the .img part of ButtonA in the main program). Once I have the image, I can then assign it.
I probably could have also solved this issue by creating a function
within the main program that changes the image of whatever widget is
passed to it as a parameter. I could then pass this function to the
instance of AcquireImage with ButtonA as a parameter. It might
have looked something like this in the main program: def callback(i_file): ButtonA['image'] = i_file newDialog = snipping_tool.AcquireImage(self.master, self.callback) Later I
would have AcquireImage initialized/defined with
self.some_function as the second argument (after master), and I
could pass the image file to it. At least that's how I probably could
have done it.
This is how I actually solved it:
MAIN APP
import tkinter as tk
import snipping_tool
waitingforImage = True
class MinCodeEx:
global waitingforImage
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.ButtonA = tk.Button(width=60,height=40,command = lambda: self.UpdateImg())
self.ButtonA.pack()
self.ButtonA.img = None
def UpdateImg(self):
newDialog = snipping_tool.AcquireImage(self.master, self.ButtonA)
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
MinCodeEx(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
snipping_tool.py
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import ImageGrab, ImageTk, Image
from tkinter import filedialog
class ScreenSnip(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master, changeThis):
super().__init__(master)
self.image = None
self.master = master
self.changeThis = changeThis
def get_snip(self):
self.configure(cursor='cross')
self.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
self.attributes('-alpha', 0.4)
print("attempting to create tk.Canvas for get_snip")
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='dark gray')
self.canvas.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.begin_x = 0
self.begin_y = 0
self.end_x = 0
self.end_y = 0
self.click_drag = False
self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 0, 0, outline='#0052d6', width=2, fill='white', tags='snip_rect')
self.canvas.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self.mousePressEvent)
self.canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.mouseMoveEvent)
self.canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.mouseReleaseEvent)
print('Capture the screen...')
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.begin_x = event.x
self.begin_y = event.y
print(self.begin_x,self.begin_y)
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
self.click_drag = True
self.end_x = event.x
self.cur_y = event.y
width = self.end_x - self.begin_x
height = abs(width * 2/3)
if self.cur_y < self.begin_y:
height *= -1
self.end_y = self.begin_y + height
self.canvas.coords('snip_rect', self.begin_x, self.begin_y, self.end_x, self.end_y)
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
self.destroy()
self.master.update_idletasks()
self.master.after(100) # give time for screen to be refreshed so as not to see the blue box on the screenshot
if not self.click_drag: # if the user just clicks, instead of clicking and dragging
self.begin_x -= 300
self.begin_y += 200
self.end_x = self.begin_x + 600
self.end_y = self.begin_y - 400
x1 = min(self.begin_x, self.end_x)
y1 = min(self.begin_y, self.end_y)
x2 = max(self.begin_x, self.end_x)
y2 = max(self.begin_y, self.end_y)
self.img = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(x1, y1, x2, y2))
print("getting image grab")
self.changeThis.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.img)
self.changeThis['image'] = self.changeThis.img
font1 = ("arial", 18, "bold")
class AcquireImage:
def __init__(self, master, changeThis):
self.master = master
self.changeThis = changeThis
self.nWin = tk.Toplevel(master)
self.fontA = ("arial", 20, "bold")
self.frame = tk.Frame(self.nWin, bg="#1B2631")
self.frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
self.button1 = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Select Image File", padx=10, pady=10, bg="#d9a193",
font = self.fontA, command =lambda: self.show_dialogs(1))
self.button1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")#, padx=10, pady=10)
self.button2 = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Get Screen Snip", padx=10, pady=10, bg="#d9a193",
font = self.fontA, command=lambda: self.show_dialogs(2))
self.button2.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")#, padx=10, pady=10)
self.image_selected = None
def show_dialogs(self, method):
if method == 1:
ret = filedialog.askopenfilename() #filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='/home/user/images/')
self.changeThis.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = ret)
self.changeThis['image'] = self.changeThis.img
elif method == 2:
print("attempting ScreenSnip")
newWin = ScreenSnip(self.master, self.changeThis)
newWin.get_snip()
self.nWin.destroy()
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
bt = tk.Button(root, width = 20, height = 20)
bt.pack()
ScreenSnip(root, bt)
#AcquireImage(root,bt)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
I still need to fix one unrelated thing -- the button doesn't fit the size of the image that I select or grab. It always ends up being a small square.

AttributeError: '_tkinter.tkapp' object has no attribute 'mousePressEvent'

I'm having trouble with two tkinter classes that I want to interact. I think it comes from my lack of understanding of the Tk.Toplevel. Instead of creating an entirely new full-screen window for screen-grabbing, my code gives an error:
AttributeError: '_tkinter.tkapp' object has no attribute 'mousePressEvent'
Can someone help me understand the hierarchy of parent-child relationships in my code? I'm not asking anyone to rewrite my code, I just want to understand what I already have, so I can figure out what's wrong. I haven't found many examples in SO of multiple classes that interact with multiple windows - so it's hard to grasp the inter-workings of inheritance.
This is the structure I think I have:
root
object: AquireImage
method: show_dialogs()
object: ScreenSnip
method: get_snip()
method: mousePressEvent()
method: mouseMoveEvent()
method: mouseReleaseEvent()
Is this accurate?
CODE
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import ImageGrab, ImageTk, Image
import cv2
import numpy as np
from tkinter import filedialog
class ScreenSnip(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master):
super().__init__(master)
def get_snip(self):
self.configure(cursor='cross')
self.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
self.attributes('-alpha', 0.4)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='dark gray')
self.canvas.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.begin_x = 0
self.begin_y = 0
self.end_x = 0
self.end_y = 0
self.click_drag = False
self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 0, 0, outline='#0052d6', width=2, fill='white', tags='snip_rect')
self.canvas.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self.mousePressEvent)
self.canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.mouseMoveEvent)
self.canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.mouseReleaseEvent)
print('Capture the screen...')
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.begin_x = event.x
self.begin_y = event.y
print(self.begin_x,self.begin_y)
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
self.click_drag = True
self.end_x = event.x
self.cur_y = event.y
width = self.end_x - self.begin_x
height = abs(width * 2/3)
if self.cur_y < self.begin_y:
height *= -1
self.end_y = self.begin_y + height
self.canvas.coords('snip_rect', self.begin_x, self.begin_y, self.end_x, self.end_y)
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
self.destroy()
self.master.update_idletasks()
self.master.after(100) # give time for screen to be refreshed so as not to see the blue box on the screenshot
if not self.click_drag: # if the user just clicks, instead of clicking and dragging
self.begin_x -= 300
self.begin_y += 200
self.end_x = self.begin_x + 600
self.end_y = self.begin_y - 400
x1 = min(self.begin_x, self.end_x)
y1 = min(self.begin_y, self.end_y)
x2 = max(self.begin_x, self.end_x)
y2 = max(self.begin_y, self.end_y)
img = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(x1, y1, x2, y2))
self.img = cv2.cvtColor(np.array(img), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
cv2.imshow('Captured Image', self.img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
font1 = ("arial", 18, "bold")
class AcquireImage:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.fontA = ("arial", 20, "bold")
self.frame = tk.Frame(master, bg="#1B2631")
self.frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
self.button1 = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Select Image File", padx=10, pady=10, bg="#d9a193",
font = self.fontA, command =lambda: self.show_dialogs(1))
self.button1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")#, padx=10, pady=10)
self.button2 = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Get Screen Snip", padx=10, pady=10, bg="#d9a193",
font = self.fontA, command=lambda: self.show_dialogs(2))
self.button2.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew")#, padx=10, pady=10)
self.image_selected = None
def show_dialogs(self, method):
if method == 1:
ret = filedialog.askopenfilename() #filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='/home/user/images/')
if ret:
self.image_selected = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = ret)
self.master.destroy()
elif method == 2:
newWin = ScreenSnip.get_snip(self.master)
ret = newWin.img
if ret:
self.image_selected = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = ret)
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
AcquireImage(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

This answer is derived from #jasonharper's comment:
Instances of ScreenSnip would indeed have a mousePressEvent
attribute. But you never create any such instance; instead, you
attempt to call get_snip() on the class itself, which ends up
providing a completely inappropriate value for its self parameter.
The mistake I made was here:
newWin = ScreenSnip.get_snip(self.master)
I tried to create a new object newWin without putting the parent in the correct place, and while calling the method get_snip at the same time. This is what solved the issue:
newWin = ScreenSnip(self.master)
newWin.get_snip()
First create the object ScreenSnip from the class, with the parent
then call the method `get_snip'

Scrollbar with tkinter messing up

The code below was originally developed to understand how to render a list of urls in a frame and access them by clicking on them. I also had a few buttons to score them. In my project, I have now a long number of urls and need a scrollbar to access them. I have added one, but the urls are not rendered in the part of the frame where the scollbar can be used. In fact, I would like the entire bottomframe to be linked to the scrollbar and used to render the list of urls. I do not understand what I have done wrong. Could anyone help me please?
EDIT: following the answer below, the code below is now working
import tkinter as tk
import webbrowser
class Pierre:
"""This class holds all the objects, data and functions for a single line"""
def __init__(self, master, url):
self.url = url
self.counter = 0
_, i = master.grid_size() # get the current row number
lbl = tk.Label(master, text=url, fg="blue", cursor="hand2")
lbl.grid(row=i, column=0)
lbl.bind("<Button-1>", self.callback)
self.DisplayButton = tk.Button(master, text = self.counter)
self.DisplayButton.grid(row=i, column=1)
self.DisplayButton.config(height = 1, width = 1 )
self.Plus1Button = tk.Button(master, text = "+1", command=self.plus1, bg="green")
self.Plus1Button.grid(row=i, column=2)
self.Plus1Button.config(height = 1, width = 1 )
self.Neg1Button = tk.Button(master, text = "-1", command=self.neg1, bg="green")
self.Neg1Button.grid(row=i, column=3)
self.Neg1Button.config(height = 1, width = 1 )
master.update_idletasks()
def plus1(self):
self.counter += 1
self.DisplayButton["text"]=str(self.counter)
def neg1(self):
self.counter -= 1
self.DisplayButton["text"]=str(self.counter)
def callback(self, event):
webbrowser.open_new(self.url)
class TestClass(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.title('Test')
self.topframe = tk.Frame(self)
self.topframe.pack( side = tk.TOP, pady=30)
self.bottomframe = tk.Frame(self, width=250, height=190, bg="#EBEBEB")
self.bottomframe.pack( side = tk.BOTTOM )
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.bottomframe, width=250, height=190,
scrollregion=(0, 0, 1200, 800))
self.canvas.grid()
self.vscrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.bottomframe, orient=tk.VERTICAL,
command=self.canvas.yview)
self.vscrollbar.grid(row=0, column=5, sticky=tk.N+tk.S)
self.canvas['yscrollcommand'] = self.vscrollbar.set
self.frameCanvas=tk.Frame(self.canvas)
self.canvas.create_window((0,0),window=self.frameCanvas,anchor='nw')
#self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all"))
self.button = tk.Button(self.topframe, text='Click', command = self.output_value)
self.button.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
####define the function that the submit button will do
def output_value(self):
urls = ["http://www.google.com", "http://www.facebook.com","http://www.google.com", "http://www.facebook.com", "http://www.google.com", "http://www.facebook.com"]
for url in urls:
Pierre(self.frameCanvas, url)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = TestClass()
root.mainloop()

Frames do not have scrolling ability. The usual way is to use a canvas and then to place widgets on the canvas with create_window().

create a python dictionary after collecting data from Tkinter image

i am trying to create a list of dictionaries, based on the information I take out from the image(coordinates and image type) by selecting it with a rectangle. On button release, i want to append the dictionary extracted to an empty list. The code works fine for the first dictionary, but when i select the second triangle the dictionary i obtain overrides the first one.
Could you please come up with a solution so that in the end i get the list of dictionaries like this:
[{'bottom_right_coords': [447, 349], 'type': 'middle name', 'top_left_coords': [290, 311]}, {'bottom_right_coords': [447, 349], 'type': 'first name', 'top_left_coords': [290, 311]}, etc etc etc. ]
import Tkinter as tk
from Tkinter import *
import PIL
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import pygame
import Pmw
from collections import OrderedDict
pygame.init()
global d, D, dict_list
global DEFAULTVALUE_OPTION
global options
DEFAULTVALUE_OPTION = "Select an option"
options = ['address',
'name',
'occupation']
d = {}
dict_list = [None] * 2000
list = range(2000)
D = OrderedDict.fromkeys(list)
class ExampleApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, parent = None):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, parent)
self.x = self.y = 0
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=700, height=700, cursor="cross", relief=SUNKEN)
self.canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_button_press)
self.canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_move_press)
self.canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_button_release)
self.rect = None
self.start_x = None
self.start_y = None
self._draw_image()
def _draw_image(self):
self.sbarV = Scrollbar(self, orient=VERTICAL)
self.sbarH = Scrollbar(self, orient=HORIZONTAL)
self.sbarV.config(command=self.canvas.yview)
self.sbarH.config(command=self.canvas.xview)
self.canvas.config(yscrollcommand=self.sbarV.set)
self.canvas.config(xscrollcommand=self.sbarH.set)
self.sbarV.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.sbarH.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
self.im = Image.open("/home/madalina/madalina/image/page-001.jpg")
width, height = self.im.size
self.canvas.config(scrollregion=(0, 0, width, height))
self.tk_im = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.im)
self.canvas.create_image(0,0,anchor="nw",image=self.tk_im)
def on_button_press(self, event):
# save mouse drag start position
self.start_x = event.x
self.start_y = event.y
d["top_left_coords"] = [self.start_x, self.start_y]
# create rectangle if not yet exist
#if not self.rect:
self.rect = self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, 100, 100, width = 2, outline = "gold")
def on_move_press(self, event):
curX, curY = (event.x, event.y)
# expand rectangle as you drag the mouse
self.canvas.coords(self.rect, self.start_x, self.start_y, curX, curY)
def on_button_release(self, event):
top = Tk()
Label(top, text="New Option").grid(row=0)
Label(top, text = "Coordinates").grid(row=1)
E1 = Entry(top, bd = 5)
E2 = Entry(top, bd = 5)
# e1 = E1.get()
# e2 = E2.get()
E1.grid(row=0, column=1)
E2.grid(row=1, column=1)
def addOption():
d["type"] = E1.get()
print d
def createDict():
dict_list.append(d)
print "lista de dictionare este " + str(dict_list)
B1 = Button(top, text = "ADD", command = addOption)
B1.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W, pady=4)
B1 = Button(top, text = "Create Dict", command = createDict)
B1.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=W, pady=4)
d["bottom_right_coords"] = [event.x, event.y]
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = ExampleApp()
app.mainloop()

Finding your Problem
Let's look at this function here
def on_button_press(self, event):
# save mouse drag start position
self.start_x = event.x
self.start_y = event.y
d["top_left_coords"] = [self.start_x, self.start_y]
I like those first two lines. So I suspect that last one is the culpret.
d["top_left_coords"] = [self.start_x, self.start_y]
Not Your Problem But Worth Mentioning
My first impression was: "d is undeclared, so this will crash". Not so, since you've declared it as a global variable. So my first recomendation is: make sure you definately need a global variable there. As this 2000+ voted answer says
I imagine the reason for it is that, since global variables are so dangerous, Python wants to make sure that you really know that's what you're playing with by explicitly requiring the global keyword.
Here's somewhere to start if you want to remove globals.
If you decide global variable is the way to go, please please name it something more helpful than d
But Onto Your problem
Make d a list of dictionaries and append to it. And by the way, tuples might make more sense than lists for coordinates, since they're immutable
d = []
...
d.append({self.start_x,self.start_y})
...
#retrieving last click
print d[-1]
# adding other things to the 'last click dictionary'
d[-1]['type'] = 'foobar'