I have generated an image using PIL. How can I save it to a string in memory?
The Image.save() method requires a file.
I'd like to have several such images stored in dictionary.
You can use the BytesIO class to get a wrapper around strings that behaves like a file. The BytesIO object provides the same interface as a file, but saves the contents just in memory:
import io
with io.BytesIO() as output:
image.save(output, format="GIF")
contents = output.getvalue()
You have to explicitly specify the output format with the format parameter, otherwise PIL will raise an error when trying to automatically detect it.
If you loaded the image from a file it has a format property that contains the original file format, so in this case you can use format=image.format.
In old Python 2 versions before introduction of the io module you would have used the StringIO module instead.
For Python3 it is required to use BytesIO:
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
image = Image.new("RGB", (300, 50))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
draw.text((0, 0), "This text is drawn on image")
byte_io = BytesIO()
image.save(byte_io, 'PNG')
Read more: http://fadeit.dk/blog/post/python3-flask-pil-in-memory-image
sth's solution didn't work for me
because in ...
Imaging/PIL/Image.pyc line 1423 ->
raise KeyError(ext) # unknown
extension
It was trying to detect the format from the extension in the filename , which doesn't exist in StringIO case
You can bypass the format detection by setting the format yourself in a parameter
import StringIO
output = StringIO.StringIO()
format = 'PNG' # or 'JPEG' or whatever you want
image.save(output, format)
contents = output.getvalue()
output.close()
save() can take a file-like object as well as a path, so you can use an in-memory buffer like a StringIO:
buf = StringIO.StringIO()
im.save(buf, format='JPEG')
jpeg = buf.getvalue()
With modern (as of mid-2017 Python 3.5 and Pillow 4.0):
StringIO no longer seems to work as it used to. The BytesIO class is the proper way to handle this. Pillow's save function expects a string as the first argument, and surprisingly doesn't see StringIO as such. The following is similar to older StringIO solutions, but with BytesIO in its place.
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
image = Image.open("a_file.png")
faux_file = BytesIO()
image.save(faux_file, 'png')
When you say "I'd like to have number of such images stored in dictionary", it's not clear if this is an in-memory structure or not.
You don't need to do any of this to meek an image in memory. Just keep the image object in your dictionary.
If you're going to write your dictionary to a file, you might want to look at im.tostring() method and the Image.fromstring() function
http://effbot.org/imagingbook/image.htm
im.tostring() => string
Returns a string containing pixel
data, using the standard "raw"
encoder.
Image.fromstring(mode, size, data) =>
image
Creates an image memory from pixel
data in a string, using the standard
"raw" decoder.
The "format" (.jpeg, .png, etc.) only matters on disk when you are exchanging the files. If you're not exchanging files, format doesn't matter.
Related
I'm trying to send json dict that should contain Pillow image as one of his fields, to do that I have to convert the image to string.
I tried to use pillow function:
image.toString()
but still got it as bytes, so I tried to encode it:
buff = BytesIO()
image.save(buff, format="JPEG")
img_str = base64.b64encode(buff.getvalue())
but still got it as bytes.
How can I convert Pillow images to format that can be saved in json file?
In the comments, Mark Setchell suggests calling .decode('ascii') on the result of your b64encode call. I agree that this will work, but I think base64encoding to begin with is introducing an unnecessary extra step that complicates your code.*
Instead, I suggest directly decoding the bytes returned by image.tostring. The only complication is that the bytes object can contain values larger than 128, so you can't decode it with ascii. Try using an encoding that can handle values up to 256, such as latin1.
from PIL import Image
import json
#create sample file. You don't have to do this in your real code.
img = Image.new("RGB", (10,10), "red")
#decode.
s = img.tobytes().decode("latin1")
#serialize.
with open("outputfile.json", "w") as file:
json.dump(s, file)
(*but, to my surprise, the resulting json file is still smaller than one made with a latin1 encoding, at least for my sample file. Use your own judgement to determine whether file size or program clarity is more important.)
I use the following to exchange Pillow images via json.
import json
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
filename = "filename.jpeg"
image = Image.open(filename)
json_data = json.dumps(np.array(image).tolist())
new_image = Image.fromarray(np.array(json.loads(json_data), dtype='uint8'))
1) I have an image that I converted to a string. It looks like this:
bytesimage = b'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgA.... etc etc
2) I can convert it to an 'bytesimage.png' using:
def StringToImage(self, stringname, imageoutput):
imgdata = base64.b64decode(stringname)
imagename = imageoutput
with open(imagename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(imgdata)
3) But then I want to save that image or string to memory to use in wxpython interface without needing to save the file. I have seen several related questions where the solution is using io.BytesIO, but I just cant connect the steps and both wxpython or PIL don't seem to read the bytes properly.
So to clarify:
I have a image stored in a string DONE
I can convert that to an image (if needed) but dont want to save it DONE
I need that string OR image (whichever is best) saved to memory NEEDS SOLVING
Then I want to be able to use that image in wxpython (I can open in PIL first if required)
Any help would be fantastic!
StringIO seems to be the way to go. It allows you to pass the decoded string directly to PIL.
import base64
from PIL import Image
import StringIO
# Banana emoji (JPG) as a b64 string.
b64_img_str = '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'
# Decode back to the original bytes
new_img_str = base64.b64decode(b64_img_str)
# Use StringIO to provide an in-memory buffer that we can use
# to pass the image string to PIL.
sio = StringIO.StringIO(new_img_str)
img = Image.open(sio)
# Display the image
img.show()
In C#, I can use Bitmap.lockbits() to access a bitmap as a byte array. How to do this in PIL? I have tried Image.write() but it wrote a full format image to a stream.
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
with BytesIO() as output:
with Image.open(path_to_image) as img:
img.save(output, 'BMP')
data = output.getvalue()
.. warning::
This method returns the raw image data from the internal
storage. For compressed image data (e.g. PNG, JPEG) use
:meth:~.save, with a BytesIO parameter for in-memory
data.
This is the warning in the tobytes method. So we can use the save method with a BytesIO parameter to get a compressed byte array.
import io
byteIO = io.BytesIO()
image.save(byteIO, format='PNG')
byteArr = byteIO.getvalue()
I'd like to work directly with compressed JPEG images. I know that with PIL/Pillow I can compress an image when I save it, and then read back the compressed image - e.g.
from PIL import Image
im1 = Image.open(IMAGE_FILE)
IMAGE_10 = os.path.join('./images/dog10.jpeg')
im1.save(IMAGE_10,"JPEG", quality=10)
im10 = Image.open(IMAGE_10)
but, I'd like a way to do this without the extraneous write and read. Is there some Python package with a function that will take an image and quality number as inputs and return a jpeg version of that image with the given quality?
For in-memory file-like stuff, you can use StringIO.
Take a look:
from io import StringIO # "import StringIO" directly in python2
from PIL import Image
im1 = Image.open(IMAGE_FILE)
# here, we create an empty string buffer
buffer = StringIO.StringIO()
im1.save(buffer, "JPEG", quality=10)
# ... do something else ...
# write the buffer to a file to make sure it worked
with open("./photo-quality10.jpg", "w") as handle:
handle.write(buffer.contents())
If you check the photo-quality10.jpg file, it should be the same image, but with 10% quality as the JPEG compression setting.
Using BytesIO
try:
from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
except ImportError:
from io import BytesIO
def generate(self, image, format='jpeg'):
im = self.generate_image(image)
out = BytesIO()
im.save(out, format=format,quality=75)
out.seek(0)
return out
StringIO is missing in Python3.0, ref to : StringIO in python3
I have generated an image using PIL. How can I save it to a string in memory?
The Image.save() method requires a file.
I'd like to have several such images stored in dictionary.
You can use the BytesIO class to get a wrapper around strings that behaves like a file. The BytesIO object provides the same interface as a file, but saves the contents just in memory:
import io
with io.BytesIO() as output:
image.save(output, format="GIF")
contents = output.getvalue()
You have to explicitly specify the output format with the format parameter, otherwise PIL will raise an error when trying to automatically detect it.
If you loaded the image from a file it has a format property that contains the original file format, so in this case you can use format=image.format.
In old Python 2 versions before introduction of the io module you would have used the StringIO module instead.
For Python3 it is required to use BytesIO:
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
image = Image.new("RGB", (300, 50))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
draw.text((0, 0), "This text is drawn on image")
byte_io = BytesIO()
image.save(byte_io, 'PNG')
Read more: http://fadeit.dk/blog/post/python3-flask-pil-in-memory-image
sth's solution didn't work for me
because in ...
Imaging/PIL/Image.pyc line 1423 ->
raise KeyError(ext) # unknown
extension
It was trying to detect the format from the extension in the filename , which doesn't exist in StringIO case
You can bypass the format detection by setting the format yourself in a parameter
import StringIO
output = StringIO.StringIO()
format = 'PNG' # or 'JPEG' or whatever you want
image.save(output, format)
contents = output.getvalue()
output.close()
save() can take a file-like object as well as a path, so you can use an in-memory buffer like a StringIO:
buf = StringIO.StringIO()
im.save(buf, format='JPEG')
jpeg = buf.getvalue()
With modern (as of mid-2017 Python 3.5 and Pillow 4.0):
StringIO no longer seems to work as it used to. The BytesIO class is the proper way to handle this. Pillow's save function expects a string as the first argument, and surprisingly doesn't see StringIO as such. The following is similar to older StringIO solutions, but with BytesIO in its place.
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
image = Image.open("a_file.png")
faux_file = BytesIO()
image.save(faux_file, 'png')
When you say "I'd like to have number of such images stored in dictionary", it's not clear if this is an in-memory structure or not.
You don't need to do any of this to meek an image in memory. Just keep the image object in your dictionary.
If you're going to write your dictionary to a file, you might want to look at im.tostring() method and the Image.fromstring() function
http://effbot.org/imagingbook/image.htm
im.tostring() => string
Returns a string containing pixel
data, using the standard "raw"
encoder.
Image.fromstring(mode, size, data) =>
image
Creates an image memory from pixel
data in a string, using the standard
"raw" decoder.
The "format" (.jpeg, .png, etc.) only matters on disk when you are exchanging the files. If you're not exchanging files, format doesn't matter.