Consistently getting above stated error when I try to call a function using the tkinter button.
So here is the example code used for this particular issue.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
import pandas as pd
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename() #will open file from any location, does not need to be in the same place as the code script
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
df.rename(columns={'Unnamed: 0':'Type'}, inplace=True) #renames the first unnamed column to type (drug available (DA) or not available (NA)
df.dropna(how = 'all', axis = 1, inplace = True) #drops the empty column present in each dataset, only drops it if the whole column is empty
##plotting functions for both active and inactive pokes
def ActivePokes(df):
df.plot(figsize = (12,7.5),
xlabel = 'Number of active pokes', ylabel = 'Sessions',
title = 'Number of Active Pokes vs Drug Availability')
plt.xticks(range(0,len(df.Type)), df.Type)
def InactivePokes(df):
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (12,7.5)
df.plot()
plt.xticks(range(0,len(df.Type)), df.Type)
plt.ylabel("Number of Inactive Pokes")
plt.xlabel("Sessions")
plt.title("Number of Inactive Pokes vs Drug Availability")
plt.show()
def show(df):
if variable.get() == options[1]:
ActivePokes(df)
elif variable.get() == options[2]:
InactivePokes(df)
else:
print("Error!")
options = [ "Choose Option",
"1. Active pokes, Drug Available and No Drug Available sessions",
"2. Inactive pokes, Drug Available and No Drug Available sessions"]
button = Tk()
button.title("Dialog Window")
button.geometry('500x90')
variable = StringVar(button)
variable.set(options[0]) #default value, might change and edit as time passes
option = OptionMenu(button, variable, *options, command = show)
option.pack()
button.mainloop()
However, the error I keep receiving is this:
Is there any way this can be rectified and I can still produce the graphs needed while using the tkinter button?
The option Menu automatically passes the selected option to the command. Since you named the argument df in the function, the logical connection is df = contentained_string_of_optionmenu in the namespace of your function. However, since df origionally is a dataframe, you should just have to rename the argument/parameter of your function like:
def show(opt):
In addition it makes the StringVar useless since you can do:
if opt == options[1]:
ActivePokes(df)
elif opt == options[2]:
InactivePokes(df)
else:
print("Error!")
You might also choose to clear the argument df elsewhere since it's in the global namespace.
Related
I'm using tkinter to create an option menu, where choosing an option will call a function specific to each option. However, I'm unable to figure out exactly how to do that.
This is the code that is currently being used.
import pandas as pd
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#below code imports file needed at the moment
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
import pandas as pd
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename() #will open file from any location, does not need to be in the same place as the code script
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
df.rename(columns={'Unnamed: 0':'Type'}, inplace=True) #renames the first unnamed column to type (drug available (DA) or not available (NA)
df.dropna(how = 'all', axis = 1, inplace = True) #drops the empty column present in each dataset, only drops it if the whole column is empty
##plotting functions for both active and inactive pokes
def ActivePokes(df):
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (12,7.5)
df.plot()
plt.xticks(range(0,len(df.Type)), df.Type)
plt.ylabel("Number of Active Pokes")
plt.xlabel("Sessions")
plt.title("Number of Active Pokes vs Drug Availability")
plt.show()
def InactivePokes(df):
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (12,7.5)
df.plot()
plt.xticks(range(0,len(df.Type)), df.Type)
plt.ylabel("Number of Inactive Pokes")
plt.xlabel("Sessions")
plt.title("Number of Inactive Pokes vs Drug Availability")
plt.show()
def show(df):
if variable == options[1]:
button[command] = ActivePokes(df)
elif variable == options[2]:
button[command] = InactivePokes(df)
else:
print("Error!")
options = [ "Choose Option",
"1. Active pokes, Drug Available and No Drug Available sessions",
"2. Inactive pokes, Drug Available and No Drug Available sessions"]
button = Tk()
button.title("Dialog Window")
button.geometry('500x90')
variable = StringVar(button)
variable.set(options[0]) #default value, might change and edit as time passes
option = OptionMenu(button, variable, *options, command = show)
option.pack()
button.mainloop()
I know the show() function is where the issue lies, but I'm not entirely sure how to rectify it.
The other comments and answer address problems with creating two Tk objects and using .get() with a StringVar.
The command = show callback is passed the string value of the item chosen. In your show( df ) when called from the Optionmenu will have df equal to one of the options. It won't be a pandas dataframe. Pure tkinter example below.
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry( '100x100' )
var = tk.StringVar( value = 'Option A' )
def on_choice( chosen ):
""" The callback function for an Optionmenu choice.
chosen: The text value of the item chosen.
"""
print( chosen, end = " : " )
print( ' or from the StringVar: ', var.get() )
opt_list = [ 'Option A', 'Option B', 'Option C' ]
options = tk.OptionMenu( root, var, *opt_list, command = on_choice )
options.grid()
root.mainloop()
First problem, you have created a tk instance called root, and then another one called button,why? perhaps you want button to be a tk.Button and not a tk instance? Not sure what is the intention here.
second, what is it command variable you want to change for button? (button[command]). if button where a tk.button, then perhaps you wanted to do button['command'] = ..., however, if the intention is to call the pokes functions why not calling them right away?
third problem is here:
def show(df):
if variable == options[1]:
button[command] = lambda: ActivePokes(df)
elif variable == options[2]:
button[command] = lambda: InactivePokes(df)
else:
print("Error!")
change variable for variable.get()
I am currently struggling trying to use the panel library in Python, in order to build an interactive dashboard to analyze and display CSV data. My current goal is to let the user enter an initial and a final date, which will be used to filter a DataFrame once a button is pressed. However, whenever I press the button, the on_click function is not completely executed before the script stops running. The code snippet is the following:
import panel as pn
pn.extension()
def acquire_data(dateBeginning, dateEnd):
eventDF = pd.read_csv('multi.csv')
eventDF['Date']= pd.to_datetime(eventDF['Date'])
dateDF = eventDF[eventDF.upvotes > 8]
print(eventDF)
def register_dates(event, save=True):
dateBeginning = date1Picker.value
dateEnd = date2Picker.value
if dateBeginning < dateEnd:
text = pn.widgets.StaticText(name='Static Text', value='A string')
spinner = pn.indicators.LoadingSpinner(width=50, height=50, value=True, color='info', bgcolor='light')
layout = pn.Column(text, spinner, align='center')
layout.app()
print('getting in')
acquire_data(dateBeginning, dateEnd)
print('getting out')
spinner.value = False
else:
print('Not working')
#pn.pane.Alert('## Alert\nThis is a warning!')
return save
date1Picker = pn.widgets.DatePicker(name='Date Initiale', margin=25)
date2Picker = pn.widgets.DatePicker(name='Date Finale', margin=25)
button = pn.widgets.Button(name="Analyse", button_type='primary', margin=(25, 0, 20, 200), width=200)
button.on_click(register_dates)
dateLayout = pn.Row(date1Picker, date2Picker)
layout = pn.Column(dateLayout, button, width=200, align='center')
layout.app()
I was also aiming at having the first layout be replaced by the one with the spinner and the text once the button is pressed, but I haven't found anything in the doc mentioning how to do so. If anyone could give me a hint regarding these issues, that would really help me!
In def acquire_data(dateBeginning, dateEnd):
pd.read_csv('multi.csv'), pd.to_datetime(eventDF['Date'])
For start, in this function I think you forgot to import panda and your app just crash.
add: import pandas as pd
Ex:
import panel as pn
import pandas as pd
I have a student that is working on a task and trying to use global variables within a couple functions across different files. I have had to include excerpts of the files. The first file is the main one and when you click the results button in that program (from the main window it creates) it should call the other file and pass a variable. But, he gets the following error...
Results.py", line 44, in GiveResults if row[0] == sname: NameError: name 'sname' is not defined
I'm hoping that someone with much better ability and knowledge might be able to point us in the right direction to remedy this. If there is a better way to share the code on here then please also let me know.
Thanks,
Scott
'Solution.py'
#This imports the tkinter module of python
from tkinter import *
#This imports the other windows for use later
import Results, New_User, Edit_User
#This part forms the main window and controls things such as size, colour, and message
main = Tk()
main.title('Hello there')
main.geometry("1000x600")
main['background']='light blue'
#This creates a frame for use later
window = Frame(main).pack()
#Defines a function that when called will convert whatever is in the textboxes to variables
def retrieve():
global sname
sname = selectedname.get()
global sboss
sboss = selectedname.get()
'Results.py'
from tkinter import *
#This is defining the function that the first window is calling upon
def GiveResults():
#This is defining the variables as globe for use across windows (Although it isnt working)
global sname
global sboss
global inputt
#Defines a quit function to close the window when called
def quit():
ResultsGiven.destroy()
#This is making the window
ResultsGiven = Tk()
ResultsGiven.title('You did the program')
ResultsGiven.geometry("600x400")
ResultsGiven['background']='light blue'
#Creating a frame
windowr = Frame(ResultsGiven, bg = 'light blue')
#Creating a title
titlefont = ('papyrus', 30)
title = Label(windowr, text='Results', font=titlefont)
title.config(height=1, width=400)
title.pack(side=TOP, fill = 'x')
#Creating a canvas
canvasr = Canvas(windowr, width = 400, height = 400, background = 'light blue')
canvasr.pack()
#This is importing the csv module of python
import csv
#This is opening the csv file created when a new user is made
#It is then creating a reader to check the first column for the name entered in the main window
#When it finds a match it moves along that row to find the class
#(Unfinished)
with open("userbase.csv") as f:
for row in csv.reader(f):
if row[0] == sname:
sclass = str(column[2])```
How to justify the values listed in drop-down part of a ttk.Combobox? I have tried justify='center' but that seems to only configure the selected item. Could use a resource link too if there is, I couldn't find it.
try: # In order to be able to import tkinter for
import tkinter as tk # either in python 2 or in python 3
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
except ImportError:
import Tkinter as tk
import ttk
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
cbb = ttk.Combobox(root, justify='center', values=(0, 1, 2))
cbb.pack()
root.mainloop()
I have a one-liner solution. Use the .option_add() method after declaring ttk.Combobox. Example:
cbb = ttk.Combobox(root, justify='center', values=(0, 1, 2)) # original
cbb.option_add('*TCombobox*Listbox.Justify', 'center') # new line added
Here's one pure Python way that gets close to what you want. The items in the dropdown list all get justified to fit within the Combobox's width (or a default value will be used).
Update
Part of the reason the initial version of my answer wasn't quite right was because the code assumed that a fixed-width font was being used. That's not the case on my test platform at least, so I've modified the code to actually measure the width of values in pixels instead of whole characters, and do essentially what it did originally, but in those units of string-length measure.
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font as tkFont
from tkinter import ttk
class CenteredCombobox(ttk.Combobox):
DEFAULT_WIDTH = 20 # Have read that 20 is the default width of an Entry.
def __init__(self, master=None, **kwargs):
values = kwargs.get('values')
if values:
entry = ttk.Entry(None) # Throwaway for getting the default font.
font = tkFont.Font(font=entry['font'])
space_width = font.measure(' ')
entry_width = space_width * kwargs.get('width', self.DEFAULT_WIDTH)
widths = [font.measure(str(value)) for value in values]
longest = max(entry_width, *widths)
justified_values = []
for value, value_width in zip(values, widths):
space_needed = (longest-value_width) / 2
spaces_needed = int(space_needed / space_width)
padding = ' ' * spaces_needed
justified_values.append(padding + str(value))
kwargs['values'] = tuple(justified_values)
super().__init__(master, **kwargs)
root = tk.Tk()
ccb = CenteredCombobox(root, justify='center', width=10, values=('I', 'XLII', 'MMXVIII'))
ccb.pack()
root.mainloop()
(Edit: Note that this solution works for Tcl/Tk versions 8.6.5 and above. #CommonSense notes that some tkinter installations may not be patched yet,
and this solution will not work).
In Tcl ( I don't know python, so one of the python people can edit the question).
A combobox is an amalgamation of an 'entry' widget and a 'listbox' widget. Sometimes to make the configuration changes you want, you need to access the internal widgets directly.
Tcl:
% ttk::combobox .cb -values [list a abc def14 kjsdf]
.cb
% pack .cb
% set pd [ttk::combobox::PopdownWindow .cb]
.cb.popdown
% set lb $pd.f.l
.cb.popdown.f.l
% $lb configure -justify center
Python:
cb = ttk.Combobox(value=['a', 'abc', 'def14', 'kjsdf'])
cb.pack()
pd = cb.tk.call('ttk::combobox::PopdownWindow', cb)
lb = cb.tk.eval('return {}.f.l'.format(pd))
cb.tk.eval('{} configure -justify center'.format(lb))
Some caveats. The internals of ttk::combobox are subject to change.
Not likely, not anytime soon, but in the future, the hard-coded .f.l
could change.
ttk::combobox::PopdownWindow will force the creation of the listbox when it is called. A better method is to put the centering adjustment into
a procedure and call that procedure when the combobox/listbox is mapped.
This will run for all comboboxes, you will need to check the argument
in the proc to make sure that this is the combobox you want to adjust.
proc cblbhandler { w } {
if { $w eq ".cb" } {
set pd [ttk::combobox::PopdownWindow $w]
set lb $pd.f.l
$lb configure -justify center
}
}
bind ComboboxListbox <Map> +[list ::cblbhandler %W]
After digging through combobox.tcl source code I've come up with the following subclass of ttk.Combobox. JustifiedCombobox justifies the pop-down list's items almost precisely after1 pop-down list's been first created & customized and then displayed. After the pop-down list's been created, setting self.justify value to a valid one will again, customize the justification almost right after the pop-down list's first been displayed. Enjoy:
try: # In order to be able to import tkinter for
import tkinter as tk # either in python 2 or in python 3
from tkinter import ttk
except:
import Tkinter as tk
import ttk
class JustifiedCombobox(ttk.Combobox):
"""
Creates a ttk.Combobox widget with its drop-down list items
justified with self.justify as late as possible.
"""
def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
ttk.Combobox.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)
self.justify = 'center'
def _justify_popdown_list_text(self):
self._initial_bindtags = self.bindtags()
_bindtags = list(self._initial_bindtags)
_index_of_class_tag = _bindtags.index(self.winfo_class())
# This dummy tag needs to be unique per object, and also needs
# to be not equal to str(object)
self._dummy_tag = '_' + str(self)
_bindtags.insert(_index_of_class_tag + 1, self._dummy_tag)
self.bindtags(tuple(_bindtags))
_events_that_produce_popdown = tuple([ '<KeyPress-Down>',
'<ButtonPress-1>',
'<Shift-ButtonPress-1>',
'<Double-ButtonPress-1>',
'<Triple-ButtonPress-1>',
])
for _event_name in _events_that_produce_popdown:
self.bind_class(self._dummy_tag, _event_name,
self._initial_event_handle)
def _initial_event_handle(self, event):
_instate = str(self['state'])
if _instate != 'disabled':
if event.keysym == 'Down':
self._justify()
else:
_ = self.tk.eval('{} identify element {} {}'.format(self,
event.x, event.y))
__ = self.tk.eval('string match *textarea {}'.format(_))
_is_click_in_entry = bool(int(__))
if (_instate == 'readonly') or (not _is_click_in_entry):
self._justify()
def _justify(self):
self.tk.eval('{}.popdown.f.l configure -justify {}'.format(self,
self.justify))
self.bindtags(self._initial_bindtags)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
self.__dict__[name] = value
if name == 'justify':
self._justify_popdown_list_text()
def select_handle():
global a
_selected = a['values'][a.current()]
if _selected in ("left", "center", "right"):
a.justify = _selected
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
for s in ('normal', 'readonly', 'disabled'):
JustifiedCombobox(root, state=s, values=[1, 2, 3]).grid()
a = JustifiedCombobox(root, values=["Justify me!", "left", "center", "right"])
a.current(0)
a.grid()
a.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", lambda event: select_handle())
root.mainloop()
1 It basically makes use of bindtag event queue. This was mostly possible thanks to being able to creating a custom bindtag.
I am trying to create a menu that calls an SQL database for life expectancy data across the world. I'm having trouble with menubutton, as I want to set the first value ("No region selected") as my initial value. There are three things that I want: how to set the value as the default (ideally the equivalent of invoked for normal radiobuttons), is there a better for what I want option than menubutton, and is there a decent web page that can help me (tutorialspoint got me in the initial direction, but unless I'm looking in the wrong places, I can't find how to select and invoke radiobuttons in the menubutton).
Ideally, I'd also like advise on how not to have the menuoptions stretch up everywhere too. A limit of say 20?
Here's a look of a somewhat stripped down piece of my code.
Edit: I've found a solution to my select/invoke issues. mb.menu.invoke(0)
from Tkinter import *
import tkMessageBox
import Tkinter
import sqlite3
def selectStuff():
selectionRegion = str(countryVar.get())
mb.config(text = selectionRegion)
sqlLocation = 'AllData/LifeExpectency.sqlite'
sqlDB = sqlite3.connect(sqlLocation)
cursor = sqlDB.cursor()
root = Tk()
frameCountry = Frame(root)
frameCountry.pack()
stringCountry= StringVar()
labelCountry = Label(frameCountry, textvariable=stringCountry)
stringCountry.set("Select Region")
labelCountry.pack()
'''-------------------------------'''
mb = Menubutton ( frameCountry, relief=RAISED, activebackground="white")
mb.grid()
mb.menu = Menu ( mb, tearoff = 0 )
mb["menu"] = mb.menu
sql1 = "SELECT Country FROM total_lifespan"
countryVar = StringVar()
mb.menu.add_radiobutton ( label="No Region Selected", variable =countryVar,
value = "No Region Selected", command =selectStuff)
try:
cursor.execute(sql1)
results = cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
mb.menu.add_radiobutton ( label=row, variable =countryVar, value = row,
command =selectStuff)
except:
print "Error: unable to retrieve data."
mb.pack()
'''-------------------------------'''
#Edit:
mb.menu.invoke(0)
#/Edit:
root.mainloop()
sqlDB.close()