Python - plotting surface around 3D plot cloud - python
I run computational fluid dynamic simulation and I want to refine my mesh in the areas for which a quantity is superior to a threshold. I manage to extract the point locations so I obtain a list of points describing the areas that correspond to my criteria for refining.
To refine my mesh, I need to provide to the software the external boundaries of the surface (or curve if we are in 2D) that is described by the point cloud.
More particularly, I need to remove all the points that are in the center of the area to get the coordinates of those which are on the boundary. Then I would like to surround the points with a curve.
I found similar post on the forum but the question was to interpolate the point cloud, so not exactly what I want: Fit Curve-Spline to 3D Point Cloud
May you help me to do that ?
Here is a 2D example of point cloud for which I would like to only keep the boundary points and plot the surrounding curve:
0.20215,0.29703,0
0.22857,0.29703,0
0.25526,0.29703,0
0.28221,0.29703,0
0.30943,0.29703,0
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0.39273,0.29703,0
0.42106,0.29703,0
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0.50774,0.29703,0
0.53722,0.29703,0
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0.81612,0.29703,0
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1.0164,0.29703,0
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1.8622,0.1881,0
1.9052,0.1881,0
1.9487,0.1881,0
1.9926,0.1881,0
2.0369,0.1881,0
Thanks for your help,
Sincerely
It's possible to do with ConvexHull from SciPy and this function together with convex_hull_plot_2d yield this result for the provided dataset. Below is the code to reproduce the pictures. hull.points at the end of the code contain the resulting outlining set of points that you are looking for.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull, convex_hull_plot_2d
df = pd.DataFrame([{'x': 0.20215, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.22857, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.25526, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.28221, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.30943, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.33692, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.36469, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.39273, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.42106, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.44966, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.47856, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.50774, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.53722, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.56699, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.59706, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.62742, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.6581, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.68907, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.72036, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.75196, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.78388, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.81612, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.84868, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.88156, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.91478, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.94832, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.9822, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0164, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.051, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0859, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1211, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1568, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1927, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.229, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.2657, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3028, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3402, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.378, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4162, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4548, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4937, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.533, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.5728, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6129, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6534, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6944, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7357, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7774, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8196, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8622, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9052, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9487, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9926, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0369, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0817, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1269, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1725, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2187, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2652, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3123, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3598, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4078, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4563, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5053, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5547, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6046, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6551, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.706, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.7575, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.8095, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.862, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.915, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.9685, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.0226, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.0772, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.1324, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.1881, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.2444, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.3013, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.3587, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.4166, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.4752, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.5344, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.5941, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.6544, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.7154, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.7769, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.8391, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.9019, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.9653, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.0294, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.094, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.1594, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.2254, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.292, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.3593, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.4273, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.496, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.5654, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.6354, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.7062, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.7776, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.8498, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.9227, 'y': 0.29703, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.28221, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.30943, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.33692, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.36469, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.39273, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.42106, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.44966, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.47856, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.50774, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.53722, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.56699, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.59706, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.62742, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.6581, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.68907, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.72036, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.75196, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.78388, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.81612, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.84868, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.88156, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.91478, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.94832, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.9822, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0164, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.051, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0859, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1211, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1568, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1927, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.229, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.2657, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3028, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3402, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.378, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4162, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4548, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4937, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.533, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.5728, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6129, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6534, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6944, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7357, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7774, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8196, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8622, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9052, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9487, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9926, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0369, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0817, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1269, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1725, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2187, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2652, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3123, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3598, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4078, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4563, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5053, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5547, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6046, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6551, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.706, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.7575, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.8095, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.862, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.915, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.9685, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.0226, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.0772, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.1324, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.1881, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.2444, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.3013, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.3587, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.4166, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.4752, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.5344, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.5941, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.6544, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.7154, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.7769, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.8391, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.9019, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.9653, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.0294, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.094, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.1594, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.2254, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.292, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.3593, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.4273, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.496, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.5654, 'y': 0.28425, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.39273, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.42106, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.44966, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.47856, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.50774, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.53722, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.56699, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.59706, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.62742, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.6581, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.68907, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.72036, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.75196, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.78388, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.81612, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.84868, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.88156, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.91478, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.94832, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.9822, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0164, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.051, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0859, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1211, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1568, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1927, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.229, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.2657, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3028, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3402, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.378, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4162, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4548, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4937, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.533, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.5728, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6129, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6534, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6944, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7357, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7774, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8196, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8622, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9052, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9487, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9926, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0369, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0817, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1269, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1725, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2187, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2652, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3123, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3598, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4078, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4563, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5053, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5547, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6046, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6551, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.706, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.7575, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.8095, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.862, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.915, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.9685, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.0226, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.0772, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.1324, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.1881, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.2444, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.3013, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.3587, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.4166, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.4752, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.5344, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.5941, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.6544, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.7154, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.7769, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.8391, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.9019, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 3.9653, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.0294, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.094, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 4.1594, 'y': 0.27117, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.47856, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.50774, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.53722, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.56699, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.59706, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.62742, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.6581, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.68907, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.72036, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.75196, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.78388, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.81612, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.84868, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.88156, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.91478, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.94832, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.9822, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0164, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.051, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0859, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1211, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1568, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1927, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.229, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.2657, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3028, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3402, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.378, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4162, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4548, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4937, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.533, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.5728, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6129, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6534, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6944, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7357, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7774, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8196, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8622, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9052, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9487, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9926, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0369, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0817, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1269, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.1725, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2187, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.2652, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3123, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.3598, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4078, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.4563, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5053, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.5547, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6046, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.6551, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.706, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.7575, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.8095, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.862, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.915, 'y': 0.25781, 'z': 0},
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{'x': 0.68907, 'y': 0.23041, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.72036, 'y': 0.23041, 'z': 0},
{'x': 0.75196, 'y': 0.23041, 'z': 0},
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{'x': 1.2657, 'y': 0.23041, 'z': 0},
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{'x': 1.051, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.0859, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1211, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1568, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.1927, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.229, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.2657, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3028, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.3402, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.378, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4162, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4548, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.4937, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.533, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.5728, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6129, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6534, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.6944, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7357, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.7774, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8196, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.8622, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9052, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9487, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 1.9926, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0},
{'x': 2.0369, 'y': 0.1881, 'z': 0}])
plt.scatter(data=df, x='x', y='y', label='original_data')
plt.legend()
plt.title('original data')
plt.show()
hull = ConvexHull(df[['x', 'y']])
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
convex_hull_plot_2d(hull, ax=ax)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.title('convex hull with points')
plt.show()
hull.points
array([[0.20215, 0.29703],
[0.22857, 0.29703],
[0.25526, 0.29703],
...,
[1.9487 , 0.1881 ],
[1.9926 , 0.1881 ],
[2.0369 , 0.1881 ]])
The convex hull is a nice approach, although it wouldn't solve the case that you are showing (the donut shape with an inner boundary).
I think that the algorithm that you need is called "Marching cubes" (or Marching squares, in 2D). It is a broadly used method, so you should be able to easily find some libraries in python that implement it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marching_squares
Basically, considering the 2D case, the algorithm works like this:
Discretize the space in a grid.
Count the number of points in every cell
Apply a threshold to the cells so you end up with either "empty" or "filled" cells
According to the state of every cell, and its neighbors, there are some predefined cases (16 in 2D) on how the boundary curve should look like.
Merge all the small curves
In 3D the idea is the same, but with cubes instead of squares, and with higher number of predefined cases.
The convex hull approaches mentioned by others do not work when the shape has holes (as in the case with your torus 🍩 example).
The problem you’re trying to solve is called surface reconstruction. The final mesh will not have the internal points as you wanted.
Open3D has some algorithms implemented for this and you can them on your data in Python.
Surface reconstruction
To convert your numpy point cloud to Open3D’s use
pcd = o3d.geometry.PointCloud()
pcd.points = o3d.utility.Vector3dVector(xyz)
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I have a JSON line and I have been trying to retrieve both "height" objects of the line but haven't been able to.
Here's my code and what I have tried:
dictonary = {'predictions': [{'x': 895.0, 'y': 1695.0, 'width': 1046.0, 'height': 1860.0, 'confidence': 0.9421133995056152, 'class': 'Potato', 'points': [{'x': 924.6015625, 'y': 2623.1372104673196}, {'x': 769.7421875, 'y': 2624.4923239162126}, {'x': 719.640625, 'y': 2614.0989617824443}, {'x': 623.9921875, 'y': 2559.17901274988}, {'x': 550.663834749923, 'y': 2481.6796875}, {'x': 496.3996585650308, 'y': 2395.140625}, {'x': 459.90986307738143, 'y': 2299.4921875}, {'x': 400.6397144303104, 'y': 2058.09375}, {'x': 378.0168381250084, 'y': 1880.4609375}, {'x': 377.99781038883225, 'y': 1702.828125}, {'x': 382.5907827376746, 'y': 1648.171875}, {'x': 399.5838603248672, 'y': 1575.296875}, {'x': 400.78761685201823, 'y': 1520.640625}, {'x': 417.8338516784328, 'y': 1470.5390625}, {'x': 418.98823283671425, 'y': 1420.4375}, {'x': 436.0082268099264, 'y': 1374.890625}, {'x': 437.167758266602, 'y': 1338.453125}, {'x': 454.28473747609706, 'y': 1292.90625}, {'x': 459.93999704686405, 'y': 1238.25}, {'x': 490.7490388888151, 'y': 1156.265625}, {'x': 491.8288016316368, 'y': 1133.4921875}, {'x': 508.8924306355354, 'y': 1106.1640625}, {'x': 527.9234807009638, 'y': 1046.953125}, {'x': 587.5365064396046, 'y': 946.7500000000001}, {'x': 701.421875, 'y': 837.3606423937706}, {'x': 769.7421875, 'y': 800.9531828008493}, {'x': 888.1640625, 'y': 782.7755220311303}, {'x': 1015.6953125, 'y': 787.2919818609915}, {'x': 1065.796875, 'y': 799.7093941263506}, {'x': 1111.34375, 'y': 800.7217819718936}, {'x': 1184.21875, 'y': 841.8955697617723}, {'x': 1253.0610901088744, 'y': 919.4218750000001}, {'x': 1271.270475224854, 'y': 951.3046875000001}, {'x': 1307.5979330272176, 'y': 1042.3984375}, {'x': 1308.4761630837356, 'y': 1074.28125}, {'x': 1325.4859189683493, 'y': 1110.71875}, {'x': 1326.6604271523647, 'y': 1156.265625}, {'x': 1343.6799094344485, 'y': 1206.3671875}, {'x': 1344.918760905306, 'y': 1302.015625}, {'x': 1361.9423092536952, 'y': 1415.8828125}, {'x': 1363.1149293109788, 'y': 1511.53125}, {'x': 1380.1437317333514, 'y': 1593.515625}, {'x': 1381.3134576724651, 'y': 1670.9453125}, {'x': 1398.360433947605, 'y': 1721.046875}, {'x': 1399.5143973675058, 'y': 1775.703125}, {'x': 1417.1507343999447, 'y': 1848.578125}, {'x': 1416.7072734730875, 'y': 2094.53125}, {'x': 1380.4241536814905, 'y': 2208.3984375}, {'x': 1289.0801683606567, 'y': 2372.3671875}, {'x': 1134.1171875, 'y': 2527.270247909732}, {'x': 1043.0234375, 'y': 2568.9770454914824}, {'x': 1029.359375, 'y': 2581.930440392619}, {'x': 924.6015625, 'y': 2623.1372104673196}], 'image_path': 'C:/Users/brind/PycharmProjects/detectingsize/Finaltesttivls.jpg', 'prediction_type': 'InstanceSegmentationModel'}, {'x': 1916.5, 'y': 1968.0, 'width': 639.0, 'height': 686.0, 'confidence': 0.8820076584815979, 'class': 'ObjComparePaper', 'points': [{'x': 2209.0234375, 'y': 2290.427330679962}, {'x': 1685.234375, 'y': 2290.414401768434}, {'x': 1630.578125, 'y': 2286.1950104231696}, {'x': 1621.4593084207368, 'y': 2276.71875}, {'x': 1607.73191020788, 'y': 2185.625}, {'x': 1603.2018627419584, 'y': 1775.703125}, {'x': 1621.4221478491934, 'y': 1711.9375}, {'x': 1671.5703125, 'y': 1643.3562532833657}, {'x': 1685.234375, 'y': 1638.2330774427853}, {'x': 2117.9296875, 'y': 1638.6612790110541}, {'x': 2177.3705950155977, 'y': 1648.171875}, {'x': 2182.9490722541473, 'y': 1748.375}, {'x': 2200.0747230334237, 'y': 1803.03125}, {'x': 2201.171766399287, 'y': 1967.0}, {'x': 2218.251697013421, 'y': 2039.875}, {'x': 2219.333945280965, 'y': 2203.84375}, {'x': 2227.350285291961, 'y': 2263.0546875}, {'x': 2218.2231592742232, 'y': 2285.828125}, {'x': 2209.0234375, 'y': 2290.427330679962}], 'image_path': 'C:/Users/brind/PycharmProjects/detectingsize/Finaltesttivls.jpg', 'prediction_type': 'InstanceSegmentationModel'}], 'image': {'width': '2915', 'height': '2768'}}
height1 = dictionary['predictions'][0]['height']
height2 = dictionary['predictions'][1]['height']
Here's the complete working code:
from roboflow import Roboflow
import json
rf = Roboflow(api_key="MY_API_KEY")
project = rf.workspace().project("myprojectname")
model = project.version(3).model
data = model.predict(filename).json()
for prediction in data["predictions"]:
height = prediction["height"]
print(height)
To test it with ur previous output, the code would be:
data = {'predictions': [{'x': 895.0, 'y': 1695.0, 'width': 1046.0, 'height': 1860.0, 'confidence': 0.9421133995056152, 'class': 'Potato', 'points': [{'x': 924.6015625, 'y': 2623.1372104673196}, {'x': 769.7421875, 'y': 2624.4923239162126}, {'x': 719.640625, 'y': 2614.0989617824443}, {'x': 623.9921875, 'y': 2559.17901274988}, {'x': 550.663834749923, 'y': 2481.6796875}, {'x': 496.3996585650308, 'y': 2395.140625}, {'x': 459.90986307738143, 'y': 2299.4921875}, {'x': 400.6397144303104, 'y': 2058.09375}, {'x': 378.0168381250084, 'y': 1880.4609375}, {'x': 377.99781038883225, 'y': 1702.828125}, {'x': 382.5907827376746, 'y': 1648.171875}, {'x': 399.5838603248672, 'y': 1575.296875}, {'x': 400.78761685201823, 'y': 1520.640625}, {'x': 417.8338516784328, 'y': 1470.5390625}, {'x': 418.98823283671425, 'y': 1420.4375}, {'x': 436.0082268099264, 'y': 1374.890625}, {'x': 437.167758266602, 'y': 1338.453125}, {'x': 454.28473747609706, 'y': 1292.90625}, {'x': 459.93999704686405, 'y': 1238.25}, {'x': 490.7490388888151, 'y': 1156.265625}, {'x': 491.8288016316368, 'y': 1133.4921875}, {'x': 508.8924306355354, 'y': 1106.1640625}, {'x': 527.9234807009638, 'y': 1046.953125}, {'x': 587.5365064396046, 'y': 946.7500000000001}, {'x': 701.421875, 'y': 837.3606423937706}, {'x': 769.7421875, 'y': 800.9531828008493}, {'x': 888.1640625, 'y': 782.7755220311303}, {'x': 1015.6953125, 'y': 787.2919818609915}, {'x': 1065.796875, 'y': 799.7093941263506}, {'x': 1111.34375, 'y': 800.7217819718936}, {'x': 1184.21875, 'y': 841.8955697617723}, {'x': 1253.0610901088744, 'y': 919.4218750000001}, {'x': 1271.270475224854, 'y': 951.3046875000001}, {'x': 1307.5979330272176, 'y': 1042.3984375}, {'x': 1308.4761630837356, 'y': 1074.28125}, {'x': 1325.4859189683493, 'y': 1110.71875}, {'x': 1326.6604271523647, 'y': 1156.265625}, {'x': 1343.6799094344485, 'y': 1206.3671875}, {'x': 1344.918760905306, 'y': 1302.015625}, {'x': 1361.9423092536952, 'y': 1415.8828125}, {'x': 1363.1149293109788, 'y': 1511.53125}, {'x': 1380.1437317333514, 'y': 1593.515625}, {'x': 1381.3134576724651, 'y': 1670.9453125}, {'x': 1398.360433947605, 'y': 1721.046875}, {'x': 1399.5143973675058, 'y': 1775.703125}, {'x': 1417.1507343999447, 'y': 1848.578125}, {'x': 1416.7072734730875, 'y': 2094.53125}, {'x': 1380.4241536814905, 'y': 2208.3984375}, {'x': 1289.0801683606567, 'y': 2372.3671875}, {'x': 1134.1171875, 'y': 2527.270247909732}, {'x': 1043.0234375, 'y': 2568.9770454914824}, {'x': 1029.359375, 'y': 2581.930440392619}, {'x': 924.6015625, 'y': 2623.1372104673196}], 'image_path': 'C:/Users/brind/PycharmProjects/detectingsize/Finaltesttivls.jpg', 'prediction_type': 'InstanceSegmentationModel'}, {'x': 1916.5, 'y': 1968.0, 'width': 639.0, 'height': 686.0, 'confidence': 0.8820076584815979, 'class': 'ObjComparePaper', 'points': [{'x': 2209.0234375, 'y': 2290.427330679962}, {'x': 1685.234375, 'y': 2290.414401768434}, {'x': 1630.578125, 'y': 2286.1950104231696}, {'x': 1621.4593084207368, 'y': 2276.71875}, {'x': 1607.73191020788, 'y': 2185.625}, {'x': 1603.2018627419584, 'y': 1775.703125}, {'x': 1621.4221478491934, 'y': 1711.9375}, {'x': 1671.5703125, 'y': 1643.3562532833657}, {'x': 1685.234375, 'y': 1638.2330774427853}, {'x': 2117.9296875, 'y': 1638.6612790110541}, {'x': 2177.3705950155977, 'y': 1648.171875}, {'x': 2182.9490722541473, 'y': 1748.375}, {'x': 2200.0747230334237, 'y': 1803.03125}, {'x': 2201.171766399287, 'y': 1967.0}, {'x': 2218.251697013421, 'y': 2039.875}, {'x': 2219.333945280965, 'y': 2203.84375}, {'x': 2227.350285291961, 'y': 2263.0546875}, {'x': 2218.2231592742232, 'y': 2285.828125}, {'x': 2209.0234375, 'y': 2290.427330679962}], 'image_path': 'C:/Users/brind/PycharmProjects/detectingsize/Finaltesttivls.jpg', 'prediction_type': 'InstanceSegmentationModel'}], 'image': {'width': '2915', 'height': '2768'}}
for prediction in data["predictions"]:
height = prediction["height"]
print(height)
Output:
1860.0
686.0
Link to execute the testing code : https://onlinegdb.com/bVQag6jqe
extract data from interactive graph
I'm trying to scrape the data from this interactive chart which is located at the bottom of the website below: https://www.vgchartz.com/tools/hw_date.php?reg=USA&ending=Yearly I've used developer tools in chrome but cannot find the data points in the elements tab. Would appreciate if someone can take a look and tell me if the data points are stored on the page somewhere or there is any way to do using Python Thank you very much!
The data is included inside <script> tag on that page. To parse it, you can use js2py library. For example:
import ast
import js2py
import requests
url = "https://www.vgchartz.com/tools/hw_date.php?reg=USA&ending=Yearly"
data = re.search(
r"StockChart\(({.*?})\);", requests.get(url).text, flags=re.S
).group(1)
data = js2py.eval_js("data = " + data + ";")
data = ast.literal_eval(str(data))
print(data)
Prints:
{
"chart": {
"endOnTick": False,
"marginBottom": 90,
"marginLeft": 80,
"marginRight": 20,
"renderTo": "chart_container",
"startOnTick": False,
"zoomType": "y",
},
"legend": {"enabled": True},
"plotOptions": {"series": {"dataGrouping": {"smoothed": True}}},
"rangeSelector": {"selected": 5},
"series": [
{
"cropThreshold": 1,
"data": [
{"x": 1072933200000, "y": 1302609},
{"x": 1104555600000, "y": 2604003},
{"x": 1136091600000, "y": 5074726},
{"x": 1167627600000, "y": 8757992},
{"x": 1199163600000, "y": 10156740},
{"x": 1230786000000, "y": 10369446},
{"x": 1262322000000, "y": 8434877},
{"x": 1293858000000, "y": 4335275},
{"x": 1325394000000, "y": 2164269},
{"x": 1357016400000, "y": 600849},
],
...
The chart data is imbedded in the HTML response of a basic GET request to the link. The data points themselves can be found in a Javascript Object formatted in a script tag. To pull these points, you will need to use some sort of Javascript parser to access the Object and convert the JS object representation to a Python dictionary. Pure JSON parsing cannot easily be used here, since the Object is not initialized in valid JSON syntax. The code below uses the module pyjsparser which can be installed via pip: pip3 install pyjsparser.
import requests, pyjsparser
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup
d = soup(requests.get('https://www.vgchartz.com/tools/hw_date.php?reg=USA&ending=Yearly'), 'html.parser')
ast = pyjsparser.parse(d.select_one('#chart_body > .chart_date_selector ~ script').text)
def to_json(ast):
if ast['type'] == 'ArrayExpression':
return [to_json(i) for i in ast['elements']]
if ast['type'] == 'ObjectExpression':
return {i['key']['name']:to_json(i['value']) for i in ast['properties']}
if ast['type'] == 'Literal':
return ast['value']
def get_chart_data(ast):
if isinstance(ast, dict):
if ast.get('type') == 'Property' and ast['key']['name'] == 'series' and ast['value']['type'] == 'ArrayExpression':
yield to_json(ast['value'])
return
for b in ast.values():
yield from get_chart_data(b)
elif isinstance(ast, list):
for i in ast:
yield from get_chart_data(i)
data = next(get_chart_data(ast))
Output:
[{'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'PSP', 'data': [{'x': 1072933200000.0, 'y': 0.0}, {'x': 1104555600000.0, 'y': 3527367.0}, {'x': 1136091600000.0, 'y': 2952955.0}, {'x': 1167627600000.0, 'y': 3563757.0}, {'x': 1199163600000.0, 'y': 3815680.0}, {'x': 1230786000000.0, 'y': 2452361.0}, {'x': 1262322000000.0, 'y': 1824105.0}, {'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 1245169.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 274023.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 128378.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 26999.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'Wii', 'data': [{'x': 1136091600000.0, 'y': 1075329.0}, {'x': 1167627600000.0, 'y': 6444409.0}, {'x': 1199163600000.0, 'y': 9826502.0}, {'x': 1230786000000.0, 'y': 8989309.0}, {'x': 1262322000000.0, 'y': 7398500.0}, {'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 4878060.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 2042064.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 773488.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 216453.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 58765.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'X360', 'data': [{'x': 1104555600000.0, 'y': 563282.0}, {'x': 1136091600000.0, 'y': 3832778.0}, {'x': 1167627600000.0, 'y': 4356599.0}, {'x': 1199163600000.0, 'y': 4784134.0}, {'x': 1230786000000.0, 'y': 4691537.0}, {'x': 1262322000000.0, 'y': 6999773.0}, {'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 7777810.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 6488715.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 3164108.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 855780.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 165018.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 67456.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 5433.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'DS', 'data': [{'x': 1072933200000.0, 'y': 1302609.0}, {'x': 1104555600000.0, 'y': 2604003.0}, {'x': 1136091600000.0, 'y': 5074726.0}, {'x': 1167627600000.0, 'y': 8757992.0}, {'x': 1199163600000.0, 'y': 10156740.0}, {'x': 1230786000000.0, 'y': 10369446.0}, {'x': 1262322000000.0, 'y': 8434877.0}, {'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 4335275.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 2164269.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 600849.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'PS3', 'data': [{'x': 1136091600000.0, 'y': 667762.0}, {'x': 1167627600000.0, 'y': 2474435.0}, {'x': 1199163600000.0, 'y': 3547363.0}, {'x': 1230786000000.0, 'y': 4255949.0}, {'x': 1262322000000.0, 'y': 4737437.0}, {'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 4486935.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 3480788.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 2237467.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 721523.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 274884.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 125072.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 12482.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': '3DS', 'data': [{'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 4056029.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 3542069.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 3905067.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 2518536.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 2499074.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 2456456.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 2060575.0}, {'x': 1514782800000.0, 'y': 1534418.0}, {'x': 1546318800000.0, 'y': 615394.0}, {'x': 1577854800000.0, 'y': 249847.0}, {'x': 1609477200000.0, 'y': 2787.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'PSV', 'data': [{'x': 1293858000000.0, 'y': 0.0}, {'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 1227049.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 509085.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 324396.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 247162.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 108422.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 20908.0}, {'x': 1514782800000.0, 'y': 3119.0}, {'x': 1546318800000.0, 'y': 0.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'WiiU', 'data': [{'x': 1325394000000.0, 'y': 899502.0}, {'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 1214283.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 1565573.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 1361771.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 460025.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 9553.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'PS4', 'data': [{'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 2072802.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 4656798.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 5802890.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 5077809.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 5404655.0}, {'x': 1514782800000.0, 'y': 5245644.0}, {'x': 1546318800000.0, 'y': 3824746.0}, {'x': 1577854800000.0, 'y': 2084519.0}, {'x': 1609477200000.0, 'y': 613650.0}, {'x': 1641013200000.0, 'y': 168996.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'XOne', 'data': [{'x': 1357016400000.0, 'y': 1928445.0}, {'x': 1388552400000.0, 'y': 4325832.0}, {'x': 1420088400000.0, 'y': 4938473.0}, {'x': 1451624400000.0, 'y': 4696984.0}, {'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 4307564.0}, {'x': 1514782800000.0, 'y': 4304447.0}, {'x': 1546318800000.0, 'y': 2971031.0}, {'x': 1577854800000.0, 'y': 1508975.0}, {'x': 1609477200000.0, 'y': 503439.0}, {'x': 1641013200000.0, 'y': 22086.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'NS', 'data': [{'x': 1483246800000.0, 'y': 4880477.0}, {'x': 1514782800000.0, 'y': 5613050.0}, {'x': 1546318800000.0, 'y': 6479134.0}, {'x': 1577854800000.0, 'y': 9027556.0}, {'x': 1609477200000.0, 'y': 8012707.0}, {'x': 1641013200000.0, 'y': 2163947.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'PS5', 'data': [{'x': 1577854800000.0, 'y': 1940361.0}, {'x': 1609477200000.0, 'y': 4302047.0}, {'x': 1641013200000.0, 'y': 1328693.0}]}, {'showLastLabel': True, 'cropThreshold': 1.0, 'name': 'XS', 'data': [{'x': 1577854800000.0, 'y': 1525675.0}, {'x': 1609477200000.0, 'y': 3893991.0}, {'x': 1641013200000.0, 'y': 1937560.0}]}]
python convert list of dict to list of tuple
how can I convert a list of dict to a list of tuple?
Input:
[{'x': 0.4711900100474648, 'y': 0.6294374442355883}, {'x': 0.4732473419066774, 'y': 0.629306809190704}, {'x': 0.47373722332499346, 'y': 0.6274779185623242}, {'x': 0.47363924704133026, 'y': 0.6273908285324014}, {'x': 0.4731493656230142, 'y': 0.6261715681134813}, {'x': 0.4722349203088243, 'y': 0.6252571227992915}, {'x': 0.47210428526394, 'y': 0.62521357778433}, {'x': 0.4709285698599815, 'y': 0.6253442128292143}, {'x': 0.47024273587433907, 'y': 0.62612802309852}, {'x': 0.4706019822477708, 'y': 0.6283052738465912}]
I want this:
[(0,47..., 0.62...),(...,...)]
I tried this:
tupleList = [tuple(val['x'], val['y']) for dic in listOfDict for key,val in dic.items()]
I get error TypeError: 'float' object is not subscriptable
list_of_points = [{'x': 0.4711900100474648, 'y': 0.6294374442355883}, {'x': 0.4732473419066774, 'y': 0.629306809190704}, {'x': 0.47373722332499346, 'y': 0.6274779185623242}, {'x': 0.47363924704133026, 'y': 0.6273908285324014}, {'x': 0.4731493656230142, 'y': 0.6261715681134813}, {'x': 0.4722349203088243, 'y': 0.6252571227992915}, {'x': 0.47210428526394, 'y': 0.62521357778433}, {'x': 0.4709285698599815, 'y': 0.6253442128292143}, {'x': 0.47024273587433907, 'y': 0.62612802309852}, {'x': 0.4706019822477708, 'y': 0.6283052738465912}]
points_tuples = [(p['x'], p['y']) for p in list_of_points]
If you are using python 3.7+ and inserted the keys in x,y order (like done here) you could simply use the dict.values() of each inner dict. The values() will be in key (==input) order as well:
data = [{'x': 0.4711900100474648, 'y': 0.6294374442355883},
{'x': 0.4732473419066774, 'y': 0.629306809190704},
{'x': 0.47373722332499346, 'y': 0.6274779185623242},
{'x': 0.47363924704133026, 'y': 0.6273908285324014},
{'x': 0.4731493656230142, 'y': 0.6261715681134813},
{'x': 0.4722349203088243, 'y': 0.6252571227992915},
{'x': 0.47210428526394, 'y': 0.62521357778433},
{'x': 0.4709285698599815, 'y': 0.6253442128292143},
{'x': 0.47024273587433907, 'y': 0.62612802309852},
{'x': 0.4706019822477708, 'y': 0.6283052738465912}]
tup = [tuple(d.values()) for d in data]
Output:
[(0.4711900100474648, 0.6294374442355883), (0.4732473419066774, 0.629306809190704),
(0.47373722332499346, 0.6274779185623242), (0.47363924704133026, 0.6273908285324014),
(0.4731493656230142, 0.6261715681134813), (0.4722349203088243, 0.6252571227992915),
(0.47210428526394, 0.62521357778433), (0.4709285698599815, 0.6253442128292143),
(0.47024273587433907, 0.62612802309852), (0.4706019822477708, 0.6283052738465912)]
How can I extract out the value of X, Y, Z in a list of dataset in Python?
I was given a set of dataset as show below,
How can I extracted out the value of X, Y, Z of each series in Python?
I actually later need to calculate the standard deviation of each series. (x, y, z standard deviation)
{'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166280, 'x': -5.0319, 'y': -6.5896, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166300, 'x': -0.21122, 'y': -8.9002, 'z': 2.5}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166320, 'x': 6.3477, 'y': -9.3142, 'z': 4.5385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166340, 'x': 10.904, 'y': -9.9498, 'z': 5.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166360, 'x': 9.5501, 'y': -8.5014, 'z': 5.6923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166380, 'x': 7.7312, 'y': -8.5973, 'z': 5.6154}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166400, 'x': 8.9783, 'y': -10.132, 'z': 4.7692}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166420, 'x': 9.8307, 'y': -11.159, 'z': 5.0385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166440, 'x': 7.7934, 'y': -10.556, 'z': 5.8077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166460, 'x': 5.8261, 'y': -10.259, 'z': 2.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166480, 'x': 4.4837, 'y': -10.092, 'z': 1.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166500, 'x': 5.5556, 'y': -11.08, 'z': 1.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166520, 'x': 8.4009, 'y': -12.06, 'z': 1.0}
You can use a list comprehension to construct a list with x, y, z.
data = [
{'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166280, 'x': -5.0319, 'y': -6.5896, 'z': -0.076923},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166300, 'x': -0.21122, 'y': -8.9002, 'z': 2.5},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166320, 'x': 6.3477, 'y': -9.3142, 'z': 4.5385},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166340, 'x': 10.904, 'y': -9.9498, 'z': 5.6538},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166360, 'x': 9.5501, 'y': -8.5014, 'z': 5.6923},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166380, 'x': 7.7312, 'y': -8.5973, 'z': 5.6154},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166400, 'x': 8.9783, 'y': -10.132, 'z': 4.7692},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166420, 'x': 9.8307, 'y': -11.159, 'z': 5.0385},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166440, 'x': 7.7934, 'y': -10.556, 'z': 5.8077},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166460, 'x': 5.8261, 'y': -10.259, 'z': 2.8462},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166480, 'x': 4.4837, 'y': -10.092, 'z': 1.6538},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166500, 'x': 5.5556, 'y': -11.08, 'z': 1.8462},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166520, 'x': 8.4009, 'y': -12.06, 'z': 1.0}
]
coordinates = [[d['x'], d['y'], d['z']] for d in data]
Then the coordinates list is:
[[3.5538, -9.7006, 3.3077],
[-1.4629, -7.0692, 2.2308],
[-6.7571, -5.0299, -0.076923],
[-5.0319, -6.5896, -0.076923],
[-0.21122, -8.9002, 2.5],
[6.3477, -9.3142, 4.5385],
[10.904, -9.9498, 5.6538],
[9.5501, -8.5014, 5.6923],
[7.7312, -8.5973, 5.6154],
[8.9783, -10.132, 4.7692],
[9.8307, -11.159, 5.0385],
[7.7934, -10.556, 5.8077],
[5.8261, -10.259, 2.8462],
[4.4837, -10.092, 1.6538],
[5.5556, -11.08, 1.8462],
[8.4009, -12.06, 1.0]]
To get the standard deviation, you can use numpy or write your own function.
import numpy as np
# Population standard deviation per coordinate.
np.std(coordinates, axis=1)
# array([6.19099304, 3.82337866, 2.83117498, 2.77675246, 4.86271126,
# 6.99575755, 8.85637189, 7.76173229, 7.25026715, 8.19868452,
# 8.98079242, 8.22201761, 6.98694428, 6.31068919, 7.1304471 ,
# 8.45895548])
Here is a similar function using the standard library.
import math
def stdev(values):
mean = sum(values) / len(values)
numerator = sum((x - mean) ** 2 for x in values)
denominator = len(values)
return math.sqrt(numerator / denominator)
[stdev(c) for c in coordinates]
You can of course use the keys in a comprehension as others have show. However, I like the functional style and succinctness of operator.itemgetter when there are multiple keys. You can create a list or use map (or both). For example:
from operator import itemgetter
data = [{'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166280, 'x': -5.0319, 'y': -6.5896, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166300, 'x': -0.21122, 'y': -8.9002, 'z': 2.5}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166320, 'x': 6.3477, 'y': -9.3142, 'z': 4.5385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166340, 'x': 10.904, 'y': -9.9498, 'z': 5.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166360, 'x': 9.5501, 'y': -8.5014, 'z': 5.6923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166380, 'x': 7.7312, 'y': -8.5973, 'z': 5.6154}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166400, 'x': 8.9783, 'y': -10.132, 'z': 4.7692}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166420, 'x': 9.8307, 'y': -11.159, 'z': 5.0385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166440, 'x': 7.7934, 'y': -10.556, 'z': 5.8077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166460, 'x': 5.8261, 'y': -10.259, 'z': 2.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166480, 'x': 4.4837, 'y': -10.092, 'z': 1.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166500, 'x': 5.5556, 'y': -11.08, 'z': 1.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166520, 'x': 8.4009, 'y': -12.06, 'z': 1.0}]
# coords is an iterator
coord = map(itemgetter('x','y','z'), data)
# you can make a list if you want
list(coord)
# or loop over the values without making a list:
coord = map(itemgetter('x','y','z'), data)
for x, y, z in coord:
print(x,y,z)
Assuming you're using python 3
data = {'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166280, 'x': -5.0319, 'y': -6.5896, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166300, 'x': -0.21122, 'y': -8.9002, 'z': 2.5}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166320, 'x': 6.3477, 'y': -9.3142, 'z': 4.5385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166340, 'x': 10.904, 'y': -9.9498, 'z': 5.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166360, 'x': 9.5501, 'y': -8.5014, 'z': 5.6923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166380, 'x': 7.7312, 'y': -8.5973, 'z': 5.6154}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166400, 'x': 8.9783, 'y': -10.132, 'z': 4.7692}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166420, 'x': 9.8307, 'y': -11.159, 'z': 5.0385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166440, 'x': 7.7934, 'y': -10.556, 'z': 5.8077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166460, 'x': 5.8261, 'y': -10.259, 'z': 2.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166480, 'x': 4.4837, 'y': -10.092, 'z': 1.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166500, 'x': 5.5556, 'y': -11.08, 'z': 1.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166520, 'x': 8.4009, 'y': -12.06, 'z': 1.0}
for item in data:
print(item[x])
print(item[y])
print(item[z])
dataset = [
{'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077},
{'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308}
{'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923},
]
for data in dataset:
print(data['x'], data['y'], data['z'])
[_['x'] for _ in dataset] [_['y'] for _ in dataset] [_['z'] for _ in dataset]
To calculate the stdev of each of 'x', 'y' and 'z' you can use stdev from the Python statistics package:
>>> data_set
({'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166280, 'x': -5.0319, 'y': -6.5896, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166300, 'x': -0.21122, 'y': -8.9002, 'z': 2.5}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166320, 'x': 6.3477, 'y': -9.3142, 'z': 4.5385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166340, 'x': 10.904, 'y': -9.9498, 'z': 5.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166360, 'x': 9.5501, 'y': -8.5014, 'z': 5.6923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166380, 'x': 7.7312, 'y': -8.5973, 'z': 5.6154}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166400, 'x': 8.9783, 'y': -10.132, 'z': 4.7692}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166420, 'x': 9.8307, 'y': -11.159, 'z': 5.0385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166440, 'x': 7.7934, 'y': -10.556, 'z': 5.8077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166460, 'x': 5.8261, 'y': -10.259, 'z': 2.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166480, 'x': 4.4837, 'y': -10.092, 'z': 1.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166500, 'x': 5.5556, 'y': -11.08, 'z': 1.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166520, 'x': 8.4009, 'y': -12.06, 'z': 1.0})
from statistics import stdev
std_dev={}
for k in 'xyz':
std_dev[k]=stdev([x for d in data_set for x in [v for kt,v in d.items() if kt==k]])
>>> std_dev
{'x': 5.3742701745097445, 'y': 1.834613985511212, 'z': 2.0740453969047343}
import numpy as np
list_ = [{'deviceTimestamp': 166230, 'x': 3.5538, 'y': -9.7006, 'z': 3.3077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166250, 'x': -1.4629, 'y': -7.0692, 'z': 2.2308}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166260, 'x': -6.7571, 'y': -5.0299, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166280, 'x': -5.0319, 'y': -6.5896, 'z': -0.076923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166300, 'x': -0.21122, 'y': -8.9002, 'z': 2.5}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166320, 'x': 6.3477, 'y': -9.3142, 'z': 4.5385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166340, 'x': 10.904, 'y': -9.9498, 'z': 5.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166360, 'x': 9.5501, 'y': -8.5014, 'z': 5.6923}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166380, 'x': 7.7312, 'y': -8.5973, 'z': 5.6154}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166400, 'x': 8.9783, 'y': -10.132, 'z': 4.7692}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166420, 'x': 9.8307, 'y': -11.159, 'z': 5.0385}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166440, 'x': 7.7934, 'y': -10.556, 'z': 5.8077}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166460, 'x': 5.8261, 'y': -10.259, 'z': 2.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166480, 'x': 4.4837, 'y': -10.092, 'z': 1.6538}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166500, 'x': 5.5556, 'y': -11.08, 'z': 1.8462}, {'deviceTimestamp': 166520, 'x': 8.4009, 'y': -12.06, 'z': 1.0}]
out = []
for dict_ in list_:
out.append([dict_['x'], dict_['y'], dict_['z']])
print(out)
print('standard deviation row-wise:', np.std(out, axis = 1))
output:
[[3.5538, -9.7006, 3.3077],
[-1.4629, -7.0692, 2.2308],
[-6.7571, -5.0299, -0.076923],
[-5.0319, -6.5896, -0.076923],
[-0.21122, -8.9002, 2.5],
[6.3477, -9.3142, 4.5385],
[10.904, -9.9498, 5.6538],
[9.5501, -8.5014, 5.6923],
[7.7312, -8.5973, 5.6154],
[8.9783, -10.132, 4.7692],
[9.8307, -11.159, 5.0385],
[7.7934, -10.556, 5.8077],
[5.8261, -10.259, 2.8462],
[4.4837, -10.092, 1.6538],
[5.5556, -11.08, 1.8462],
[8.4009, -12.06, 1.0]]
standard deviation row-wise:
[6.19099304 3.82337866 2.83117498 2.77675246 4.86271126 6.99575755
8.85637189 7.76173229 7.25026715 8.19868452 8.98079242 8.22201761
6.98694428 6.31068919 7.1304471 8.45895548]
Groupby and sort the values in dict in Python
I have a dictionary as follows in python and I have to group by 'label' and get the highest value of 'confidence' for each 'label'
[{'label': 'id',
'confidence': 0.11110526,
'topleft': {'x': 0, 'y': 0},
'bottomright': {'x': 187, 'y': 57}},
{'label': 'id',
'confidence': 0.10690566,
'topleft': {'x': 265, 'y': 0},
'bottomright': {'x': 525, 'y': 54}},
{'label': 'name',
'confidence': 0.15541315,
'topleft': {'x': 9, 'y': 24},
'bottomright': {'x': 116, 'y': 58}},
{'label': 'group',
'confidence': 0.12578075,
'topleft': {'x': 53, 'y': 24},
'bottomright': {'x': 153, 'y': 61}},
{'label': 'name',
'confidence': 0.12709439,
'topleft': {'x': 0, 'y': 0},
'bottomright': {'x': 247, 'y': 84}},
{'label': 'group',
'confidence': 0.116156094,
'topleft': {'x': 96, 'y': 23},
'bottomright': {'x': 191, 'y': 61}}]
How do I achieve this efficiently
You can do this with groupby
for n,g in groupby(tst,key=lambda x:x['label']):
print n,max(list(g),key=lambda x:x['confidence']).get('confidence')
Result:
id 0.11110526
name 0.15541315
group 0.12578075
name 0.12709439
group 0.116156094