I want to download text files using python, how can I do so?
I used requests module's urlopen(url).read() but it gives me the bytes representation of file.
For me, I had to do the following (Python 3):
from urllib.request import urlopen
data = urlopen("[your url goes here]").read().decode('utf-8')
# Do what you need to do with the data.
You can use multiple options:
For the simpler solution you can use this
file_url = 'https://someurl.com/text_file.txt'
for line in urllib.request.urlopen(file_url):
print(line.decode('utf-8'))
For an API solution
file_url = 'https://someurl.com/text_file.txt'
response = requests.get(file_url)
if (response.status_code):
data = response.text
for line in enumerate(data.split('\n')):
print(line)
When downloading text files with python I like to use the wget module
import wget
remote_url = 'https://www.google.com/test.txt'
local_file = 'local_copy.txt'
wget.download(remote_url, local_file)
If that doesn't work try using urllib
from urllib import request
remote_url = 'https://www.google.com/test.txt'
file = 'copy.txt'
request.urlretrieve(remote_url, file)
When you are using the request module you are reading the file directly from the internet and it is causing you to see the text in byte format. Try to write the text to a file then view it manually by opening it on your desktop
import requests
remote_url = 'test.com/test.txt'
local_file = 'local_file.txt'
data = requests.get(remote_url)
with open(local_file, 'wb')as file:
file.write(data.content)
Related
I am trying to download a PDF file from a website and save it to disk. My attempts either fail with encoding errors or result in blank PDFs.
In [1]: import requests
In [2]: url = 'http://www.hrecos.org//images/Data/forweb/HRTVBSH.Metadata.pdf'
In [3]: response = requests.get(url)
In [4]: with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
...: f.write(response.text)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnicodeEncodeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-4be915a4f032> in <module>()
1 with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
----> 2 f.write(response.text)
3
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 11-14: ordinal not in range(128)
In [5]: import codecs
In [6]: with codecs.open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb', encoding='utf8') as f:
...: f.write(response.text)
...:
I know it is a codec problem of some kind but I can't seem to get it to work.
You should use response.content in this case:
with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
From the document:
You can also access the response body as bytes, for non-text requests:
>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
So that means: response.text return the output as a string object, use it when you're downloading a text file. Such as HTML file, etc.
And response.content return the output as bytes object, use it when you're downloading a binary file. Such as PDF file, audio file, image, etc.
You can also use response.raw instead. However, use it when the file which you're about to download is large. Below is a basic example which you can also find in the document:
import requests
url = 'http://www.hrecos.org//images/Data/forweb/HRTVBSH.Metadata.pdf'
r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as fd:
for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size):
fd.write(chunk)
chunk_size is the chunk size which you want to use. If you set it as 2000, then requests will download that file the first 2000 bytes, write them into the file, and do this again, again and again, unless it finished.
So this can save your RAM. But I'd prefer use response.content instead in this case since your file is small. As you can see use response.raw is complex.
Relates:
How to download large file in python with requests.py?
How to download image using requests
In Python 3, I find pathlib is the easiest way to do this. Request's response.content marries up nicely with pathlib's write_bytes.
from pathlib import Path
import requests
filename = Path('metadata.pdf')
url = 'http://www.hrecos.org//images/Data/forweb/HRTVBSH.Metadata.pdf'
response = requests.get(url)
filename.write_bytes(response.content)
You can use urllib:
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, "filename.pdf")
Please note I'm a beginner. If My solution is wrong, please feel free to correct and/or let me know. I may learn something new too.
My solution:
Change the downloadPath accordingly to where you want your file to be saved. Feel free to use the absolute path too for your usage.
Save the below as downloadFile.py.
Usage: python downloadFile.py url-of-the-file-to-download new-file-name.extension
Remember to add an extension!
Example usage: python downloadFile.py http://www.google.co.uk google.html
import requests
import sys
import os
def downloadFile(url, fileName):
with open(fileName, "wb") as file:
response = requests.get(url)
file.write(response.content)
scriptPath = sys.path[0]
downloadPath = os.path.join(scriptPath, '../Downloads/')
url = sys.argv[1]
fileName = sys.argv[2]
print('path of the script: ' + scriptPath)
print('downloading file to: ' + downloadPath)
downloadFile(url, downloadPath + fileName)
print('file downloaded...')
print('exiting program...')
Generally, this should work in Python3:
import urllib.request
..
urllib.request.get(url)
Remember that urllib and urllib2 don't work properly after Python2.
If in some mysterious cases requests don't work (happened with me), you can also try using
wget.download(url)
Related:
Here's a decent explanation/solution to find and download all pdf files on a webpage:
https://medium.com/#dementorwriter/notesdownloader-use-web-scraping-to-download-all-pdfs-with-python-511ea9f55e48
regarding Kevin answer to write in a folder tmp, it should be like this:
with open('./tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
he forgot . before the address and of-course your folder tmp should have been created already
I am trying to download a PDF file from a website and save it to disk. My attempts either fail with encoding errors or result in blank PDFs.
In [1]: import requests
In [2]: url = 'http://www.hrecos.org//images/Data/forweb/HRTVBSH.Metadata.pdf'
In [3]: response = requests.get(url)
In [4]: with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
...: f.write(response.text)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnicodeEncodeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-4be915a4f032> in <module>()
1 with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
----> 2 f.write(response.text)
3
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 11-14: ordinal not in range(128)
In [5]: import codecs
In [6]: with codecs.open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb', encoding='utf8') as f:
...: f.write(response.text)
...:
I know it is a codec problem of some kind but I can't seem to get it to work.
You should use response.content in this case:
with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
From the document:
You can also access the response body as bytes, for non-text requests:
>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
So that means: response.text return the output as a string object, use it when you're downloading a text file. Such as HTML file, etc.
And response.content return the output as bytes object, use it when you're downloading a binary file. Such as PDF file, audio file, image, etc.
You can also use response.raw instead. However, use it when the file which you're about to download is large. Below is a basic example which you can also find in the document:
import requests
url = 'http://www.hrecos.org//images/Data/forweb/HRTVBSH.Metadata.pdf'
r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open('/tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as fd:
for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size):
fd.write(chunk)
chunk_size is the chunk size which you want to use. If you set it as 2000, then requests will download that file the first 2000 bytes, write them into the file, and do this again, again and again, unless it finished.
So this can save your RAM. But I'd prefer use response.content instead in this case since your file is small. As you can see use response.raw is complex.
Relates:
How to download large file in python with requests.py?
How to download image using requests
In Python 3, I find pathlib is the easiest way to do this. Request's response.content marries up nicely with pathlib's write_bytes.
from pathlib import Path
import requests
filename = Path('metadata.pdf')
url = 'http://www.hrecos.org//images/Data/forweb/HRTVBSH.Metadata.pdf'
response = requests.get(url)
filename.write_bytes(response.content)
You can use urllib:
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, "filename.pdf")
Please note I'm a beginner. If My solution is wrong, please feel free to correct and/or let me know. I may learn something new too.
My solution:
Change the downloadPath accordingly to where you want your file to be saved. Feel free to use the absolute path too for your usage.
Save the below as downloadFile.py.
Usage: python downloadFile.py url-of-the-file-to-download new-file-name.extension
Remember to add an extension!
Example usage: python downloadFile.py http://www.google.co.uk google.html
import requests
import sys
import os
def downloadFile(url, fileName):
with open(fileName, "wb") as file:
response = requests.get(url)
file.write(response.content)
scriptPath = sys.path[0]
downloadPath = os.path.join(scriptPath, '../Downloads/')
url = sys.argv[1]
fileName = sys.argv[2]
print('path of the script: ' + scriptPath)
print('downloading file to: ' + downloadPath)
downloadFile(url, downloadPath + fileName)
print('file downloaded...')
print('exiting program...')
Generally, this should work in Python3:
import urllib.request
..
urllib.request.get(url)
Remember that urllib and urllib2 don't work properly after Python2.
If in some mysterious cases requests don't work (happened with me), you can also try using
wget.download(url)
Related:
Here's a decent explanation/solution to find and download all pdf files on a webpage:
https://medium.com/#dementorwriter/notesdownloader-use-web-scraping-to-download-all-pdfs-with-python-511ea9f55e48
regarding Kevin answer to write in a folder tmp, it should be like this:
with open('./tmp/metadata.pdf', 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
he forgot . before the address and of-course your folder tmp should have been created already
I need to read the remote file content using python but here I am facing some challenges. My code is below:
import subprocess
path = 'http://securityxploded.com/remote-file-inclusion.php'
subprocess.Popen(["rsync", host-ip+path],stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
for line in ssh.stdout:
line
Here I am getting the error NameError: name 'host' is not defined. I could not know what should be the host-ip value because I am running my Python file using terminal(python sub.py). Here I need to read the content of the http://securityxploded.com/remote-file-inclusion.php remote file.
You need the urllib library. Also you are using parameters which you don't use.
Try something like this:
import urllib.request
fp = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.stackoverflow.com")
mybytes = fp.read()
mystr = mybytes.decode("utf8")
fp.close()
print(mystr)
Note: this is for python 3
For python 2.7 use this:
import urllib
fp = urllib.urlopen("http://www.stackoverflow.com")
myfile = fp.read()
print myfile
if you want to read remote content via http.
requests or urllib2 are both good choice.
for Python2, use requests.
import requests
resp = requests.get('http://example.com/')
print resp.text
will work.
I've been going through the Q&A on this site, for an answer to my question. However, I'm a beginner and I find it difficult to understand some of the solutions. I need a very basic solution.
Could someone please explain a simple solution to 'Downloading a file through http' and 'Saving it to disk, in Windows', to me?
I'm not sure how to use shutil and os modules, either.
The file I want to download is under 500 MB and is an .gz archive file.If someone can explain how to extract the archive and utilise the files in it also, that would be great!
Here's a partial solution, that I wrote from various answers combined:
import requests
import os
import shutil
global dump
def download_file():
global dump
url = "http://randomsite.com/file.gz"
file = requests.get(url, stream=True)
dump = file.raw
def save_file():
global dump
location = os.path.abspath("D:\folder\file.gz")
with open("file.gz", 'wb') as location:
shutil.copyfileobj(dump, location)
del dump
Could someone point out errors (beginner level) and explain any easier methods to do this?
A clean way to download a file is:
import urllib
testfile = urllib.URLopener()
testfile.retrieve("http://randomsite.com/file.gz", "file.gz")
This downloads a file from a website and names it file.gz. This is one of my favorite solutions, from Downloading a picture via urllib and python.
This example uses the urllib library, and it will directly retrieve the file form a source.
For Python3+ URLopener is deprecated.
And when used you will get error as below:
url_opener = urllib.URLopener() AttributeError: module 'urllib' has no
attribute 'URLopener'
So, try:
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
As mentioned here:
import urllib
urllib.urlretrieve ("http://randomsite.com/file.gz", "file.gz")
EDIT: If you still want to use requests, take a look at this question or this one.
Four methods using wget, urllib and request.
#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from StringIO import StringIO
from PIL import Image
import profile as profile
import urllib
import wget
url = 'https://tinypng.com/images/social/website.jpg'
def testRequest():
image_name = 'test1.jpg'
r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open(image_name, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r.iter_content():
f.write(chunk)
def testRequest2():
image_name = 'test2.jpg'
r = requests.get(url)
i = Image.open(StringIO(r.content))
i.save(image_name)
def testUrllib():
image_name = 'test3.jpg'
testfile = urllib.URLopener()
testfile.retrieve(url, image_name)
def testwget():
image_name = 'test4.jpg'
wget.download(url, image_name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
profile.run('testRequest()')
profile.run('testRequest2()')
profile.run('testUrllib()')
profile.run('testwget()')
testRequest - 4469882 function calls (4469842 primitive calls) in 20.236 seconds
testRequest2 - 8580 function calls (8574 primitive calls) in 0.072 seconds
testUrllib - 3810 function calls (3775 primitive calls) in 0.036 seconds
testwget - 3489 function calls in 0.020 seconds
I use wget.
Simple and good library if you want to example?
import wget
file_url = 'http://johndoe.com/download.zip'
file_name = wget.download(file_url)
wget module support python 2 and python 3 versions
Exotic Windows Solution
import subprocess
subprocess.run("powershell Invoke-WebRequest {} -OutFile {}".format(your_url, filename), shell=True)
import urllib.request
urllib.request.urlretrieve("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dnishimoto/python-deep-learning/master/list%20iterators%20and%20generators.ipynb", "test.ipynb")
downloads a single raw juypter notebook to file.
For text files, you can use:
import requests
url = 'https://WEBSITE.com'
req = requests.get(url)
path = "C:\\YOUR\\FILE.html"
with open(path, 'wb') as f:
f.write(req.content)
I started down this path because ESXi's wget is not compiled with SSL and I wanted to download an OVA from a vendor's website directly onto the ESXi host which is on the other side of the world.
I had to disable the firewall(lazy)/enable https out by editing the rules(proper)
created the python script:
import ssl
import shutil
import tempfile
import urllib.request
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
dlurl='https://somesite/path/whatever'
with urllib.request.urlopen(durl, context=context) as response:
with open("file.ova", 'wb') as tmp_file:
shutil.copyfileobj(response, tmp_file)
ESXi libraries are kind of paired down but the open source weasel installer seemed to use urllib for https... so it inspired me to go down this path
Another clean way to save the file is this:
import csv
import urllib
urllib.retrieve("your url goes here" , "output.csv")
I'm working on a script that will automatically update an installed version of Calibre. Currently I have it downloading the latest portable version. I seem to be having trouble saving the zipfile. Currently my code is:
import urllib2
import re
import zipfile
#tell the user what is happening
print("Calibre is Updating")
#download the page
url = urllib2.urlopen ( "http://sourceforge.net/projects/calibre/files" ).read()
#determin current version
result = re.search('title="/[0-9.]*/([a-zA-Z\-]*-[0-9\.]*)', url).groups()[0][:-1]
#download file
download = "http://status.calibre-ebook.com/dist/portable/" + result
urllib2.urlopen( download )
#save
output = open('install.zip', 'w')
output.write(zipfile.ZipFile("install.zip", ""))
output.close()
You don't need to use zipfile.ZipFile for this (and the way you're using it, as well as urllib2.urlopen, has problems as well). Instead, you need to save the urlopen result in a variable, then read it and write that output to a .zip file. Try this code:
#download file
download = "http://status.calibre-ebook.com/dist/portable/" + result
request = urllib2.urlopen( download )
#save
output = open("install.zip", "w")
output.write(request.read())
output.close()
There also can be a one-liner:
open('install.zip', 'wb').write(urllib.urlopen('http://status.calibre-ebook.com/dist/portable/' + result).read())
which doesn't have a good memory-efficiency, but still works.
If you just want to download a file from the net, you can use urllib.urlretrieve:
Copy a network object denoted by a URL to a local file ...
Example using requests instead of urllib2:
import requests, re, urllib
print("Calibre is updating...")
content = requests.get("http://sourceforge.net/projects/calibre/files").content
# determine current version
v = re.search('title="/[0-9.]*/([a-zA-Z\-]*-[0-9\.]*)', content).groups()[0][:-1]
download_url = "http://status.calibre-ebook.com/dist/portable/{0}".format(v)
print("Downloading {0}".format(download_url))
urllib.urlretrieve(download_url, 'install.zip')
# file should be downloaded at this point
have you tryed
output = open('install.zip', 'wb') // note the "b" flag which means "binary file"