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Python executable_path keyword no longer recognized when trying to launch chrome driver [duplicate]

I am using sublime to code python scripts. The following code is for selenium in python to install the driver automatically by using the webdriver_manager package
# pip install webdriver-manager
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
driver.maximize_window()
#s=Service(path)
#driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=s)
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'q').send_keys('Yasser Khalil')
The code works fine but I got a warning like that
Demo.py:7: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
How to fix such a bug?

This error message...
DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
...implies that the key executable_path will be deprecated in the upcoming releases.
This change is inline with the Selenium 4.0 Beta 1 changelog which mentions:
Deprecate all but Options and Service arguments in driver instantiation. (#9125,#9128)
Solution
With selenium4 as the key executable_path is deprecated you have to use an instance of the Service() class along with ChromeDriverManager().install() command as discussed below.
Pre-requisites
Ensure that:
Selenium is upgraded to v4.0.0
pip3 install -U selenium
Webdriver Manager for Python is installed
pip3 install webdriver-manager
You can find a detailed discussion on installing Webdriver Manager for Python in ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'webdriver_manager' error even after installing webdrivermanager
Selenium v4 compatible Code Block
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
Console Output:
[WDM] - ====== WebDriver manager ======
[WDM] - Current google-chrome version is 96.0.4664
[WDM] - Get LATEST driver version for 96.0.4664
[WDM] - Driver [C:\Users\Admin\.wdm\drivers\chromedriver\win32\96.0.4664.45\chromedriver.exe] found in cache
You can find a detailed discussion on installing Webdriver Manager for Python in Selenium ChromeDriver issue using Webdriver Manager for Python
Incase you want to pass the Options() object you can use:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
options = Options()
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=options)
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
TL; DR
You can find the relevant Bug Report/Pull Request in:
Bug Report: deprecate all but Options and Service arguments in driver instantiation
Pull Request: deprecate all but Options and Service arguments in driver instantiation

This works for me
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
ser = Service(r"C:\chromedriver.exe")
op = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
s = webdriver.Chrome(service=ser, options=op)
Extending on the accepted answer, the Service class allows to explicitly specify a ChromeDriver executable in the same way as previously using the executable_path parameter. In this way existing code is easily migrated (clearly you need to replace C:\chromedriver.exe above by your path).

I could figure it out
# pip install webdriver-manager
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
s=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'q').send_keys('Yasser Khalil')

I found this deprecation issue is appearing on Selenium, Pip and Python updates. so simply just change :
before:
from selenium import webdriver
chrome_driver_path = 'C:/Users/Morteza/Documents/Dev/chromedriver.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrome_driver_path)
url = "https://www.google.com"
driver.get(url)
after:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
s=Service('C:/Users/Morteza/Documents/Dev/chromedriver.exe')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)
url='https://www.google.com'
browser.get(url)

All the above answers refer to Chrome, adding the one for Firefox
Install:
pip install webdriver-manager
Code:
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=Service(executable_path=GeckoDriverManager().install()))
Reference: https://github.com/SergeyPirogov/webdriver_manager/issues/262#issuecomment-955197860

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service_obj = Service("WebDrivers_path\chromedriver.exe")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service_obj)
driver.get("https://www.google.com")

Simplest option with Chrome auto-installer:
from selenium import webdriver
import chromedriver_autoinstaller
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
chromedriver_autoinstaller.install()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service())

Have a look at the new definition in the Service object here.
My solution
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
chrome_executable = Service(executable_path='chromedriver.exe', log_path='NUL')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=chrome_executable)

if you are using any IDE like PyCharm install webdriver-manager package of that IDE as how do install for selenium package

You can create an instance of ChromeOptions, which has convenient methods for setting ChromeDriver-specific capabilities. You can then pass the ChromeOptions object into the ChromeDriver constructor:
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx"));
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
Since Selenium version 3.6.0, the ChromeOptions class in Java also implements the Capabilities interface, allowing you to specify other WebDriver capabilities not specific to ChromeDriver.
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
// Add the WebDriver proxy capability.
Proxy proxy = new Proxy();
proxy.setHttpProxy("myhttpproxy:3337");
options.setCapability("proxy", proxy);
// Add a ChromeDriver-specific capability.
options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx"));
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

Selenium launch browser in specific path (for example ./firefox/firefox.exe) (Python3)

I would like to do what is in the title.
My code:
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://www.google.com')

Have you tried webdriver-manager library?
It's amazing, you just need to install it:
pip install webdriver-manager
and launch your code like this:
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=GeckoDriverManager().install())
that package downloads you needed geckodriver automatically. Don't forget path 'executable_path' while launching driver.
As well you can you chromedriver, like that:
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())

Selenium searches the webdriver through the directories on sys.path, so you would first have to do something like that:
import sys
from selenium import webdriver
sys.path.insert(0,'/path/to/firefox')
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://www.google.com')

How to auto download .exe files to project directory based on browser version using Webdriver Manager in Python Robotframework

I tried below code but its downloaded and save it the path we configured in pip list [2nd line of code]. Instead of auto download in my local machine, I want to download directly into project directory because of few restriction issues in my organisation. Can anyone provide suggestions on this?
pip install webdrivermanager
webdrivermanager firefox chrome --linkpath /usr/local/bin
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
def get_chromedriver_path():
driver_path = ChromeDriverManager().install()
print(driver_path)
return driver_path
Library chromedriversync.py
${chromedriver_path}= chromedriversync.Get Chromedriver Path
Create Webdriver chrome executable_path=${chromedriver_path}
Go to www.google.com

Finally I got the solution. Below query helped me to auto download .exe files of the respective browser version to Project Current directory.
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from lib2to3.tests.support import driver
import os
import os.path
from os.path import curdir
def get_chromedriver_path():
ReturnPath = os.getcwd()
driver_path = ChromeDriverManager(path=ReturnPath).install()
print(driver_path)
return driver_path
Library browser
${driver}= browser.Get Chromedriver Path
log ${driver}
Create Webdriver Chrome executable_path=${driver} chrome_options=${options}

python using selenium, error: chrome unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 0

This is not a repost of
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed with ChromeDriver and Selenium in Python
I am using Linux and creating a new profile is not an option. I want to load an existing profile (not create a new one) just like selenium gui can.
I am able to get chromium to function, but not google chrome. Chrome will open but will kick back an
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Service /opt/google/chrome/chrome unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 0
error.
I am trying to start google chrome with user directory access, so I can capture existing sessions.
code that fails:
option.add_argument("user-data-dir=/home/user/.config/google-chrome/Default/") #)PATH is path to your chrome profile
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/opt/google/chrome/chrome', options=option)
code that works but launches chromium and not google-chrome:
option.add_argument("user-data-dir=/home/user/snap/chromium/common/.cache/chromium/Default/") #)PATH is path to your>
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/snap/bin/chromium.chromedriver', options=option)
I'm sure I am using the correct executable
I'm pretty sure I have the correct chromedriver driver install
root#Inspiron-laptop:/home/user# pip3 install chromedriver-autoinstaller
Requirement already satisfied: chromedriver-autoinstaller in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (0.2.2)
Just using it incorrectly.
How do I launch google-chrome from within selenium while accessing cache directories?
I am on Ubuntu 20.04
UPDATE:
Full script:
#!/usr/bin/python3
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from seleniumbase import BaseCase
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import time
import random
minptime = 25
maxptime = 120
class MyweClass(BaseCase):
def method_a():
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument('--disable-notifications')
option.add_argument("--mute-audio")
option.add_argument("user-data-dir=/home/user/.config/google-chrome/Default/") #)PATH is path to your chrome profile
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/opt/google/chrome/chrome', options=option)
driver.get("https://world.com/myworld")
print(f'driver.command_executor._url: {driver.command_executor._url}')
print(f'driver.session_id: {driver.session_id}')
time.sleep(18)
return driver
driver = MyweClass.method_a()
UPDATE II:
Same error using
option.add_argument("user-data-dir=~/.config/google-chrome/Default/")
and
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome', options=option)
and
chmod -R 777 /home/user/.config
To ensure user was hitting cache directory as user.
Google chrome info:

Thumb rule
A common cause for Chrome to crash during startup is running Chrome as root user (administrator) on Linux. While it is possible to work around this issue by passing --no-sandbox flag when creating your WebDriver session, such a configuration is unsupported and highly discouraged. You need to configure your environment to run Chrome as a regular user instead.
This error message...
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.26.436382 (70eb799287ce4c2208441fc057053a5b07ceabac),platform=Linux 4.15.0-109-generic x86_64)
...implies that the ChromeDriver was unable to initiate/spawn a new Browsing Context i.e. Chrome Browser session.
As per your code trials seems you are trying to access a Chrome Profile so you can use the following solution:
Code Block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("user-data-dir=C:\\path\\to\\your\\profile\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Profile 2")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe', chrome_options=options)
driver.get("https://www.google.co.in")
References
You can find a couple of detailed discussions in:
How to open a Chrome Profile through Python
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed with ChromeDriver and Selenium in Python
How to use Chrome Profile in Selenium Webdriver Python 3
Selenium: Point towards default Chrome session

How to open a Chrome application into Robot using selenium2Library

I'm trying to open our windows Chrome exe in Robot using selenium2Library. I've tried creating a webdriver using Create Webdriver with this code but it's not working.
${options}= Evaluate sys.modules['selenium.webdriver'].ChromeOptions() sys, selenium.webdriver.chrome.options
${options.add_extension}= Set_Variable path/to/extension
Create WebDriver Chrome chrome_options=${options}
In Python I do this... and it launches my app in selenium.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
def chromedr():
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.binary_location = 'C:/Program Files (x86)/InTouch Health/Carestation/Carestation.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome('C:/Program Files (x86)/InTouch Health/Carestation/chromedriver.exe', chrome_options=chrome_options)
return driver
How can I do this in Robot/selenium2Library?
I was able to launch the Application using this code:
${options}= Evaluate sys.modules['selenium.webdriver'].ChromeOptions() sys, selenium.webdriver Create WebDriver Chrome my_alias chrome_options=${options} executable_path=C:/Program Files (x86)/Myapp.exe

To open chrome with robotframework selenium2library
1) install selenium2Library through pip
2) download and extract Chrome driver exe, add it to environment variables
3) you can invoke chrome like below
*** Settings ***
Library Selenium2Library
*** Variables ***
${SiteUrl} https://stackoverflow.com
${Browser} Chrome
*** Test Cases ***
Test
Open Browser and login
*** Keywords ***
Open Browser and login
open browser ${SiteUrl} ${Browser}