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Web Scraping: How to click a specific href link in selenium python?

I wanted to automate a web page using webdriver(Python) wherein the script will click on the href link directly in order to navigate to other page. Couple of details in the specific tag:
<span class = "xyz", ui-sref ="abc", href= "/letters/letters_number/">
"hdf"
<i class = 'icons'>letters</i>
</span>

To click() on a the element with the href attribute you need to induce WebDriverWait for the element_to_be_clickable() and you can use either of the following Locator Strategies:
Using CSS_SELECTOR:
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "span[href=/letters/letters_number/] i.icons"))).click()
Using XPATH:
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//span[#href='/letters/letters_number/']//i[#class='icons']"))).click()
Note: You have to add the following imports :
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

Selenium Checkbox Selection

I'm trying to use selenium to click on a checkbox, as is depicted in the HTML of the picture. The think is, the checkbox input tag is the same for all four options, and they are distinguished only through the id="country_england" ... . I'm not sure how I can write code to select the england box and click it. Any help appreciated.
HTML Code:

use xpath:
//b[#id="country_england"]/../input
This finds the p tag that has that ID and then goes to the parent element and navigates back to input element
you can also use:
//b[#id="country_england"]/preceding-sibling::input
This finds the preceding element of p tag that has tag input
Code would be :
webD.get("https://icem.data-archive.ac.uk/#step1")
WebDriverWait(webD, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
(By.XPATH, '//*[#value="1861"]'))).click()
WebDriverWait(webD, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
(By.XPATH, '//b[#id = "country_england"]/preceding-sibling::input'))).click()

The desired element is a Angular element. So to click on the element you need to induce WebDriverWait for the element_to_be_clickable() and you can use either of the following Locator Strategies:
Using XPATH and preceding:
driver.get("https://icem.data-archive.ac.uk/#step1")
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//input[#value='1851']"))).click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//b[#class='ng-binding' and #id='country_england']//preceding::input[1]"))).click()
Using XPATH and preceding-sibling:
driver.get("https://icem.data-archive.ac.uk/#step1")
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//input[#value='1851']"))).click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//b[#class='ng-binding' and #id='country_england']//preceding-sibling::input[1]"))).click()
Note: You have to add the following imports :
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
Browser Snapshot:
Update

Python, Selenium: how to click on javascript:void(0) element

I have an "onclick" element in a webpage,
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick=
"toIndexHtml('3','http://xxxxxxxxxxx/trade','0')">
<i></i>
<span></span>
trade
</a>
It is shown in the webpage as a button and I want to click on it, I tried to search for it using the following code:
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[contains(#onclick,'toIndexHtml')]").click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH,"/html/body/div/ul/li[3]/a"))).click()
Both are not working, please suggest if there is any other ways! Thanks in advance!
P.S.: I am using Chrome WebDriver and Chrome v64.

Your first locator looks perfect and should have worked.
Ideally, to click on the element you need to induce WebDriverWait for the element_to_be_clickable() and you can use either of the following Locator Strategies:
Using CSS_SELECTOR:
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a[onclick^='toIndexHtml']"))).click()
Using XPATH:
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//a[starts-with(#onclick,'toIndexHtml')]"))).click()
Note : You have to add the following imports :
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

How to click on the webelement with in the highlighted script using Selenium and Python

I tried:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH,"//*[#value='Sign Out']")))
but no luck.. please see image for the html script

The desired element is a JavaScript enabled element so to click on the element you have to induce WebDriverWait for the element_to_be_clickable() and you can use either of the following Locator Strategies:
Using CSS_SELECTOR and click():
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "form[action*='Logoff']>li>input[value='Sign Out']"))).click()
Using XPATH and submit():
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//form[contains(#action, 'Logoff')]/li/input[#value='Sign Out']"))).submit()
Note : You have to add the following imports :
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

How to click on the "Mail" button on the yahoo page using Selenium and Python

I got a BUTTON variable for those buttons:
GoMailsBTN = browser.find_element_by_class_name("D(ib) Fz(14px) Fw(b) Lh(24px) Pstart(38px)")
GoMailsBTN.click()
and there is not like any id you can go check it out by yourself if you want!
This is the error that pops out
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSelectorException: Message: invalid selector: An invalid or illegal selector was specified
Anyone got any idea why this is?
Snapshot of the button:

The class name is dynamic and can change, in this case, you can use xpath:
browser.find_element_by_xpath("//li//a[contains(#href ,'mail') and not(#id)]")

The desired element is a JavaScript enabled element so to click on the element you have to induce WebDriverWait for the element_to_be_clickable() and you can use either of the following Locator Strategies:
Using CSS_SELECTOR:
driver.get('https://in.yahoo.com/?p=us')
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a#header-mail-button span"))).click()
Using XPATH:
driver.get('https://in.yahoo.com/?p=us')
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//a[#id='header-mail-button']//span"))).click()
Note : You have to add the following imports :
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
Browser Snapshot: