Related
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = a and b
print c
actual output: [1,3,5,6]
expected output: [1,3,5]
How can we achieve a boolean AND operation (list intersection) on two lists?
If order is not important and you don't need to worry about duplicates then you can use set intersection:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,3,5,6]
>>> list(set(a) & set(b))
[1, 3, 5]
Using list comprehensions is a pretty obvious one for me. Not sure about performance, but at least things stay lists.
[x for x in a if x in b]
Or "all the x values that are in A, if the X value is in B".
If you convert the larger of the two lists into a set, you can get the intersection of that set with any iterable using intersection():
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
set(a).intersection(b)
Make a set out of the larger one:
_auxset = set(a)
Then,
c = [x for x in b if x in _auxset]
will do what you want (preserving b's ordering, not a's -- can't necessarily preserve both) and do it fast. (Using if x in a as the condition in the list comprehension would also work, and avoid the need to build _auxset, but unfortunately for lists of substantial length it would be a lot slower).
If you want the result to be sorted, rather than preserve either list's ordering, an even neater way might be:
c = sorted(set(a).intersection(b))
Here's some Python 2 / Python 3 code that generates timing information for both list-based and set-based methods of finding the intersection of two lists.
The pure list comprehension algorithms are O(n^2), since in on a list is a linear search. The set-based algorithms are O(n), since set search is O(1), and set creation is O(n) (and converting a set to a list is also O(n)). So for sufficiently large n the set-based algorithms are faster, but for small n the overheads of creating the set(s) make them slower than the pure list comp algorithms.
#!/usr/bin/env python
''' Time list- vs set-based list intersection
See http://stackoverflow.com/q/3697432/4014959
Written by PM 2Ring 2015.10.16
'''
from __future__ import print_function, division
from timeit import Timer
setup = 'from __main__ import a, b'
cmd_lista = '[u for u in a if u in b]'
cmd_listb = '[u for u in b if u in a]'
cmd_lcsa = 'sa=set(a);[u for u in b if u in sa]'
cmd_seta = 'list(set(a).intersection(b))'
cmd_setb = 'list(set(b).intersection(a))'
reps = 3
loops = 50000
def do_timing(heading, cmd, setup):
t = Timer(cmd, setup)
r = t.repeat(reps, loops)
r.sort()
print(heading, r)
return r[0]
m = 10
nums = list(range(6 * m))
for n in range(1, m + 1):
a = nums[:6*n:2]
b = nums[:6*n:3]
print('\nn =', n, len(a), len(b))
#print('\nn = %d\n%s %d\n%s %d' % (n, a, len(a), b, len(b)))
la = do_timing('lista', cmd_lista, setup)
lb = do_timing('listb', cmd_listb, setup)
lc = do_timing('lcsa ', cmd_lcsa, setup)
sa = do_timing('seta ', cmd_seta, setup)
sb = do_timing('setb ', cmd_setb, setup)
print(la/sa, lb/sa, lc/sa, la/sb, lb/sb, lc/sb)
output
n = 1 3 2
lista [0.082171916961669922, 0.082588911056518555, 0.0898590087890625]
listb [0.069530963897705078, 0.070394992828369141, 0.075379848480224609]
lcsa [0.11858987808227539, 0.1188349723815918, 0.12825107574462891]
seta [0.26900982856750488, 0.26902294158935547, 0.27298116683959961]
setb [0.27218389511108398, 0.27459001541137695, 0.34307217597961426]
0.305460649521 0.258469975867 0.440838458259 0.301898526833 0.255455833892 0.435697630214
n = 2 6 4
lista [0.15915989875793457, 0.16000485420227051, 0.16551494598388672]
listb [0.13000702857971191, 0.13060092926025391, 0.13543915748596191]
lcsa [0.18650484085083008, 0.18742108345031738, 0.19513416290283203]
seta [0.33592700958251953, 0.34001994132995605, 0.34146714210510254]
setb [0.29436492919921875, 0.2953648567199707, 0.30039691925048828]
0.473793098554 0.387009751735 0.555194537893 0.540689066428 0.441652573672 0.633583767462
n = 3 9 6
lista [0.27657914161682129, 0.28098297119140625, 0.28311991691589355]
listb [0.21585917472839355, 0.21679902076721191, 0.22272896766662598]
lcsa [0.22559309005737305, 0.2271728515625, 0.2323150634765625]
seta [0.36382699012756348, 0.36453008651733398, 0.36750602722167969]
setb [0.34979605674743652, 0.35533690452575684, 0.36164689064025879]
0.760194128313 0.59330170819 0.62005595016 0.790686848184 0.61710008036 0.644927481902
n = 4 12 8
lista [0.39616990089416504, 0.39746403694152832, 0.41129183769226074]
listb [0.33485794067382812, 0.33914685249328613, 0.37850618362426758]
lcsa [0.27405810356140137, 0.2745978832244873, 0.28249192237854004]
seta [0.39211201667785645, 0.39234519004821777, 0.39317893981933594]
setb [0.36988520622253418, 0.37011313438415527, 0.37571001052856445]
1.01034878821 0.85398540833 0.698928091731 1.07106176249 0.905302334456 0.740927452493
n = 5 15 10
lista [0.56792402267456055, 0.57422614097595215, 0.57740211486816406]
listb [0.47309303283691406, 0.47619009017944336, 0.47628307342529297]
lcsa [0.32805585861206055, 0.32813096046447754, 0.3349759578704834]
seta [0.40036201477050781, 0.40322518348693848, 0.40548801422119141]
setb [0.39103078842163086, 0.39722800254821777, 0.43811702728271484]
1.41852623806 1.18166313332 0.819398061028 1.45237674242 1.20986133789 0.838951479847
n = 6 18 12
lista [0.77897095680236816, 0.78187918663024902, 0.78467702865600586]
listb [0.629547119140625, 0.63210701942443848, 0.63321495056152344]
lcsa [0.36563992500305176, 0.36638498306274414, 0.38175487518310547]
seta [0.46695613861083984, 0.46992206573486328, 0.47583580017089844]
setb [0.47616910934448242, 0.47661614418029785, 0.4850609302520752]
1.66818870637 1.34819326075 0.783028414812 1.63591241329 1.32210827369 0.767878297495
n = 7 21 14
lista [0.9703209400177002, 0.9734041690826416, 1.0182771682739258]
listb [0.82394003868103027, 0.82625699043273926, 0.82796716690063477]
lcsa [0.40975093841552734, 0.41210508346557617, 0.42286920547485352]
seta [0.5086359977722168, 0.50968098640441895, 0.51014018058776855]
setb [0.48688101768493652, 0.4879908561706543, 0.49204087257385254]
1.90769222837 1.61990115188 0.805587768483 1.99293236904 1.69228211566 0.841583309951
n = 8 24 16
lista [1.204819917678833, 1.2206029891967773, 1.258256196975708]
listb [1.014998197555542, 1.0206191539764404, 1.0343101024627686]
lcsa [0.50966787338256836, 0.51018595695495605, 0.51319599151611328]
seta [0.50310111045837402, 0.50556015968322754, 0.51335406303405762]
setb [0.51472997665405273, 0.51948785781860352, 0.52113485336303711]
2.39478683834 2.01748351664 1.01305257092 2.34068341135 1.97190418975 0.990165516871
n = 9 27 18
lista [1.511646032333374, 1.5133969783782959, 1.5639569759368896]
listb [1.2461750507354736, 1.254518985748291, 1.2613379955291748]
lcsa [0.5565330982208252, 0.56119203567504883, 0.56451296806335449]
seta [0.5966339111328125, 0.60275578498840332, 0.64791703224182129]
setb [0.54694414138793945, 0.5508568286895752, 0.55375313758850098]
2.53362406013 2.08867620074 0.932788243907 2.76380331728 2.27843203069 1.01753187594
n = 10 30 20
lista [1.7777848243713379, 2.1453688144683838, 2.4085969924926758]
listb [1.5070111751556396, 1.5202279090881348, 1.5779800415039062]
lcsa [0.5954139232635498, 0.59703707695007324, 0.60746097564697266]
seta [0.61563014984130859, 0.62125110626220703, 0.62354087829589844]
setb [0.56723213195800781, 0.57257509231567383, 0.57460403442382812]
2.88774814689 2.44791645689 0.967161734066 3.13413984189 2.6567803378 1.04968299523
Generated using a 2GHz single core machine with 2GB of RAM running Python 2.6.6 on a Debian flavour of Linux (with Firefox running in the background).
These figures are only a rough guide, since the actual speeds of the various algorithms are affected differently by the proportion of elements that are in both source lists.
A functional way can be achieved using filter and lambda operator.
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
list2 = [2,4,6,9,10]
>>> list(filter(lambda x:x in list1, list2))
[2, 4, 6]
Edit: It filters out x that exists in both list1 and list, set difference can also be achieved using:
>>> list(filter(lambda x:x not in list1, list2))
[9,10]
Edit2: python3 filter returns a filter object, encapsulating it with list returns the output list.
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = list(set(a).intersection(set(b)))
Should work like a dream. And, if you can, use sets instead of lists to avoid all this type changing!
You can also use numpy.intersect1d(ar1, ar2).
It return the unique and sorted values that are in both of two arrays.
This way you get the intersection of two lists and also get the common duplicates.
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = Counter([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> b = Counter([1,3,5,6])
>>> a &= b
>>> list(a.elements())
[1, 3, 5]
This is an example when you need Each element in the result should appear as many times as it shows in both arrays.
def intersection(nums1, nums2):
#example:
#nums1 = [1,2,2,1]
#nums2 = [2,2]
#output = [2,2]
#find first 2 and remove from target, continue iterating
target, iterate = [nums1, nums2] if len(nums2) >= len(nums1) else [nums2, nums1] #iterate will look into target
if len(target) == 0:
return []
i = 0
store = []
while i < len(iterate):
element = iterate[i]
if element in target:
store.append(element)
target.remove(element)
i += 1
return store
In the case you have a list of lists map comes handy:
>>> lists = [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 5]]
>>> set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
{2, 3}
would work for similar iterables:
>>> lists = ['ash', 'nazg']
>>> set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
{'a'}
pop will blow if the list is empty so you may want to wrap in a function:
def intersect_lists(lists):
try:
return set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
except IndexError: # pop from empty list
return set()
It might be late but I just thought I should share for the case where you are required to do it manually (show working - haha) OR when you need all elements to appear as many times as possible or when you also need it to be unique.
Kindly note that tests have also been written for it.
from nose.tools import assert_equal
'''
Given two lists, print out the list of overlapping elements
'''
def overlap(l_a, l_b):
'''
compare the two lists l_a and l_b and return the overlapping
elements (intersecting) between the two
'''
#edge case is when they are the same lists
if l_a == l_b:
return [] #no overlapping elements
output = []
if len(l_a) == len(l_b):
for i in range(l_a): #same length so either one applies
if l_a[i] in l_b:
output.append(l_a[i])
#found all by now
#return output #if repetition does not matter
return list(set(output))
else:
#find the smallest and largest lists and go with that
sm = l_a if len(l_a) len(l_b) else l_b
for i in range(len(sm)):
if sm[i] in lg:
output.append(sm[i])
#return output #if repetition does not matter
return list(set(output))
## Test the Above Implementation
a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
exp = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
c = [4, 4, 5, 6]
d = [5, 7, 4, 8 ,6 ] #assuming it is not ordered
exp2 = [4, 5, 6]
class TestOverlap(object):
def test(self, sol):
t = sol(a, b)
assert_equal(t, exp)
print('Comparing the two lists produces')
print(t)
t = sol(c, d)
assert_equal(t, exp2)
print('Comparing the two lists produces')
print(t)
print('All Tests Passed!!')
t = TestOverlap()
t.test(overlap)
Most of the solutions here don't take the order of elements in the list into account and treat lists like sets. If on the other hand you want to find one of the longest subsequences contained in both lists, you can try the following code.
def intersect(a, b):
if a == [] or b == []:
return []
inter_1 = intersect(a[1:], b)
if a[0] in b:
idx = b.index(a[0])
inter_2 = [a[0]] + intersect(a[1:], b[idx+1:])
if len(inter_1) <= len(inter_2):
return inter_2
return inter_1
For a=[1,2,3] and b=[3,1,4,2] this returns [1,2] rather than [1,2,3]. Note that such a subsequence is not unique as [1], [2], [3] are all solutions for a=[1,2,3] and b=[3,2,1].
If, by Boolean AND, you mean items that appear in both lists, e.g. intersection, then you should look at Python's set and frozenset types.
You can also use a counter! It doesn't preserve the order, but it'll consider the duplicates:
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,3,5,6]
>>> d1, d2 = Counter(a), Counter(b)
>>> c = [n for n in d1.keys() & d2.keys() for _ in range(min(d1[n], d2[n]))]
>>> print(c)
[1,3,5]
when we used tuple and we want to intersection
a=([1,2,3,4,5,20], [8,3,9,5,1,4,20])
for i in range(len(a)):
b=set(a[i-1]).intersection(a[i])
print(b)
{1, 3, 4, 5, 20}
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = a and b
print c
actual output: [1,3,5,6]
expected output: [1,3,5]
How can we achieve a boolean AND operation (list intersection) on two lists?
If order is not important and you don't need to worry about duplicates then you can use set intersection:
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,3,5,6]
>>> list(set(a) & set(b))
[1, 3, 5]
Using list comprehensions is a pretty obvious one for me. Not sure about performance, but at least things stay lists.
[x for x in a if x in b]
Or "all the x values that are in A, if the X value is in B".
If you convert the larger of the two lists into a set, you can get the intersection of that set with any iterable using intersection():
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
set(a).intersection(b)
Make a set out of the larger one:
_auxset = set(a)
Then,
c = [x for x in b if x in _auxset]
will do what you want (preserving b's ordering, not a's -- can't necessarily preserve both) and do it fast. (Using if x in a as the condition in the list comprehension would also work, and avoid the need to build _auxset, but unfortunately for lists of substantial length it would be a lot slower).
If you want the result to be sorted, rather than preserve either list's ordering, an even neater way might be:
c = sorted(set(a).intersection(b))
Here's some Python 2 / Python 3 code that generates timing information for both list-based and set-based methods of finding the intersection of two lists.
The pure list comprehension algorithms are O(n^2), since in on a list is a linear search. The set-based algorithms are O(n), since set search is O(1), and set creation is O(n) (and converting a set to a list is also O(n)). So for sufficiently large n the set-based algorithms are faster, but for small n the overheads of creating the set(s) make them slower than the pure list comp algorithms.
#!/usr/bin/env python
''' Time list- vs set-based list intersection
See http://stackoverflow.com/q/3697432/4014959
Written by PM 2Ring 2015.10.16
'''
from __future__ import print_function, division
from timeit import Timer
setup = 'from __main__ import a, b'
cmd_lista = '[u for u in a if u in b]'
cmd_listb = '[u for u in b if u in a]'
cmd_lcsa = 'sa=set(a);[u for u in b if u in sa]'
cmd_seta = 'list(set(a).intersection(b))'
cmd_setb = 'list(set(b).intersection(a))'
reps = 3
loops = 50000
def do_timing(heading, cmd, setup):
t = Timer(cmd, setup)
r = t.repeat(reps, loops)
r.sort()
print(heading, r)
return r[0]
m = 10
nums = list(range(6 * m))
for n in range(1, m + 1):
a = nums[:6*n:2]
b = nums[:6*n:3]
print('\nn =', n, len(a), len(b))
#print('\nn = %d\n%s %d\n%s %d' % (n, a, len(a), b, len(b)))
la = do_timing('lista', cmd_lista, setup)
lb = do_timing('listb', cmd_listb, setup)
lc = do_timing('lcsa ', cmd_lcsa, setup)
sa = do_timing('seta ', cmd_seta, setup)
sb = do_timing('setb ', cmd_setb, setup)
print(la/sa, lb/sa, lc/sa, la/sb, lb/sb, lc/sb)
output
n = 1 3 2
lista [0.082171916961669922, 0.082588911056518555, 0.0898590087890625]
listb [0.069530963897705078, 0.070394992828369141, 0.075379848480224609]
lcsa [0.11858987808227539, 0.1188349723815918, 0.12825107574462891]
seta [0.26900982856750488, 0.26902294158935547, 0.27298116683959961]
setb [0.27218389511108398, 0.27459001541137695, 0.34307217597961426]
0.305460649521 0.258469975867 0.440838458259 0.301898526833 0.255455833892 0.435697630214
n = 2 6 4
lista [0.15915989875793457, 0.16000485420227051, 0.16551494598388672]
listb [0.13000702857971191, 0.13060092926025391, 0.13543915748596191]
lcsa [0.18650484085083008, 0.18742108345031738, 0.19513416290283203]
seta [0.33592700958251953, 0.34001994132995605, 0.34146714210510254]
setb [0.29436492919921875, 0.2953648567199707, 0.30039691925048828]
0.473793098554 0.387009751735 0.555194537893 0.540689066428 0.441652573672 0.633583767462
n = 3 9 6
lista [0.27657914161682129, 0.28098297119140625, 0.28311991691589355]
listb [0.21585917472839355, 0.21679902076721191, 0.22272896766662598]
lcsa [0.22559309005737305, 0.2271728515625, 0.2323150634765625]
seta [0.36382699012756348, 0.36453008651733398, 0.36750602722167969]
setb [0.34979605674743652, 0.35533690452575684, 0.36164689064025879]
0.760194128313 0.59330170819 0.62005595016 0.790686848184 0.61710008036 0.644927481902
n = 4 12 8
lista [0.39616990089416504, 0.39746403694152832, 0.41129183769226074]
listb [0.33485794067382812, 0.33914685249328613, 0.37850618362426758]
lcsa [0.27405810356140137, 0.2745978832244873, 0.28249192237854004]
seta [0.39211201667785645, 0.39234519004821777, 0.39317893981933594]
setb [0.36988520622253418, 0.37011313438415527, 0.37571001052856445]
1.01034878821 0.85398540833 0.698928091731 1.07106176249 0.905302334456 0.740927452493
n = 5 15 10
lista [0.56792402267456055, 0.57422614097595215, 0.57740211486816406]
listb [0.47309303283691406, 0.47619009017944336, 0.47628307342529297]
lcsa [0.32805585861206055, 0.32813096046447754, 0.3349759578704834]
seta [0.40036201477050781, 0.40322518348693848, 0.40548801422119141]
setb [0.39103078842163086, 0.39722800254821777, 0.43811702728271484]
1.41852623806 1.18166313332 0.819398061028 1.45237674242 1.20986133789 0.838951479847
n = 6 18 12
lista [0.77897095680236816, 0.78187918663024902, 0.78467702865600586]
listb [0.629547119140625, 0.63210701942443848, 0.63321495056152344]
lcsa [0.36563992500305176, 0.36638498306274414, 0.38175487518310547]
seta [0.46695613861083984, 0.46992206573486328, 0.47583580017089844]
setb [0.47616910934448242, 0.47661614418029785, 0.4850609302520752]
1.66818870637 1.34819326075 0.783028414812 1.63591241329 1.32210827369 0.767878297495
n = 7 21 14
lista [0.9703209400177002, 0.9734041690826416, 1.0182771682739258]
listb [0.82394003868103027, 0.82625699043273926, 0.82796716690063477]
lcsa [0.40975093841552734, 0.41210508346557617, 0.42286920547485352]
seta [0.5086359977722168, 0.50968098640441895, 0.51014018058776855]
setb [0.48688101768493652, 0.4879908561706543, 0.49204087257385254]
1.90769222837 1.61990115188 0.805587768483 1.99293236904 1.69228211566 0.841583309951
n = 8 24 16
lista [1.204819917678833, 1.2206029891967773, 1.258256196975708]
listb [1.014998197555542, 1.0206191539764404, 1.0343101024627686]
lcsa [0.50966787338256836, 0.51018595695495605, 0.51319599151611328]
seta [0.50310111045837402, 0.50556015968322754, 0.51335406303405762]
setb [0.51472997665405273, 0.51948785781860352, 0.52113485336303711]
2.39478683834 2.01748351664 1.01305257092 2.34068341135 1.97190418975 0.990165516871
n = 9 27 18
lista [1.511646032333374, 1.5133969783782959, 1.5639569759368896]
listb [1.2461750507354736, 1.254518985748291, 1.2613379955291748]
lcsa [0.5565330982208252, 0.56119203567504883, 0.56451296806335449]
seta [0.5966339111328125, 0.60275578498840332, 0.64791703224182129]
setb [0.54694414138793945, 0.5508568286895752, 0.55375313758850098]
2.53362406013 2.08867620074 0.932788243907 2.76380331728 2.27843203069 1.01753187594
n = 10 30 20
lista [1.7777848243713379, 2.1453688144683838, 2.4085969924926758]
listb [1.5070111751556396, 1.5202279090881348, 1.5779800415039062]
lcsa [0.5954139232635498, 0.59703707695007324, 0.60746097564697266]
seta [0.61563014984130859, 0.62125110626220703, 0.62354087829589844]
setb [0.56723213195800781, 0.57257509231567383, 0.57460403442382812]
2.88774814689 2.44791645689 0.967161734066 3.13413984189 2.6567803378 1.04968299523
Generated using a 2GHz single core machine with 2GB of RAM running Python 2.6.6 on a Debian flavour of Linux (with Firefox running in the background).
These figures are only a rough guide, since the actual speeds of the various algorithms are affected differently by the proportion of elements that are in both source lists.
A functional way can be achieved using filter and lambda operator.
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
list2 = [2,4,6,9,10]
>>> list(filter(lambda x:x in list1, list2))
[2, 4, 6]
Edit: It filters out x that exists in both list1 and list, set difference can also be achieved using:
>>> list(filter(lambda x:x not in list1, list2))
[9,10]
Edit2: python3 filter returns a filter object, encapsulating it with list returns the output list.
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,3,5,6]
c = list(set(a).intersection(set(b)))
Should work like a dream. And, if you can, use sets instead of lists to avoid all this type changing!
You can also use numpy.intersect1d(ar1, ar2).
It return the unique and sorted values that are in both of two arrays.
This way you get the intersection of two lists and also get the common duplicates.
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = Counter([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> b = Counter([1,3,5,6])
>>> a &= b
>>> list(a.elements())
[1, 3, 5]
This is an example when you need Each element in the result should appear as many times as it shows in both arrays.
def intersection(nums1, nums2):
#example:
#nums1 = [1,2,2,1]
#nums2 = [2,2]
#output = [2,2]
#find first 2 and remove from target, continue iterating
target, iterate = [nums1, nums2] if len(nums2) >= len(nums1) else [nums2, nums1] #iterate will look into target
if len(target) == 0:
return []
i = 0
store = []
while i < len(iterate):
element = iterate[i]
if element in target:
store.append(element)
target.remove(element)
i += 1
return store
In the case you have a list of lists map comes handy:
>>> lists = [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 5]]
>>> set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
{2, 3}
would work for similar iterables:
>>> lists = ['ash', 'nazg']
>>> set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
{'a'}
pop will blow if the list is empty so you may want to wrap in a function:
def intersect_lists(lists):
try:
return set(lists.pop()).intersection(*map(set, lists))
except IndexError: # pop from empty list
return set()
It might be late but I just thought I should share for the case where you are required to do it manually (show working - haha) OR when you need all elements to appear as many times as possible or when you also need it to be unique.
Kindly note that tests have also been written for it.
from nose.tools import assert_equal
'''
Given two lists, print out the list of overlapping elements
'''
def overlap(l_a, l_b):
'''
compare the two lists l_a and l_b and return the overlapping
elements (intersecting) between the two
'''
#edge case is when they are the same lists
if l_a == l_b:
return [] #no overlapping elements
output = []
if len(l_a) == len(l_b):
for i in range(l_a): #same length so either one applies
if l_a[i] in l_b:
output.append(l_a[i])
#found all by now
#return output #if repetition does not matter
return list(set(output))
else:
#find the smallest and largest lists and go with that
sm = l_a if len(l_a) len(l_b) else l_b
for i in range(len(sm)):
if sm[i] in lg:
output.append(sm[i])
#return output #if repetition does not matter
return list(set(output))
## Test the Above Implementation
a = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]
b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
exp = [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
c = [4, 4, 5, 6]
d = [5, 7, 4, 8 ,6 ] #assuming it is not ordered
exp2 = [4, 5, 6]
class TestOverlap(object):
def test(self, sol):
t = sol(a, b)
assert_equal(t, exp)
print('Comparing the two lists produces')
print(t)
t = sol(c, d)
assert_equal(t, exp2)
print('Comparing the two lists produces')
print(t)
print('All Tests Passed!!')
t = TestOverlap()
t.test(overlap)
Most of the solutions here don't take the order of elements in the list into account and treat lists like sets. If on the other hand you want to find one of the longest subsequences contained in both lists, you can try the following code.
def intersect(a, b):
if a == [] or b == []:
return []
inter_1 = intersect(a[1:], b)
if a[0] in b:
idx = b.index(a[0])
inter_2 = [a[0]] + intersect(a[1:], b[idx+1:])
if len(inter_1) <= len(inter_2):
return inter_2
return inter_1
For a=[1,2,3] and b=[3,1,4,2] this returns [1,2] rather than [1,2,3]. Note that such a subsequence is not unique as [1], [2], [3] are all solutions for a=[1,2,3] and b=[3,2,1].
If, by Boolean AND, you mean items that appear in both lists, e.g. intersection, then you should look at Python's set and frozenset types.
You can also use a counter! It doesn't preserve the order, but it'll consider the duplicates:
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,3,5,6]
>>> d1, d2 = Counter(a), Counter(b)
>>> c = [n for n in d1.keys() & d2.keys() for _ in range(min(d1[n], d2[n]))]
>>> print(c)
[1,3,5]
when we used tuple and we want to intersection
a=([1,2,3,4,5,20], [8,3,9,5,1,4,20])
for i in range(len(a)):
b=set(a[i-1]).intersection(a[i])
print(b)
{1, 3, 4, 5, 20}
I have been trying to figure out how to take a list and match the shape of any matrice.
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
b = [[3],[[2]],[1,8,2],[[[7,3,2]]],[9]]
I want list a to match the dimensions of matrix b. Both a and b have the same number of individual elements. The function requires a and be to have the same number of elements.
output = [[1],[[2]],[3,4,5],[[[[6,7,8]],[9]]
My attemp at trying to do this.
import numpy as np
lst = []
start = 0
def match_matrix(a,b):
for k, v in enumerate(b):
shape = np.shape(v)
lst.append(np.reshape(a[start:start+element_num], newshape= shape) # there problem is here, how would I figure out how many elements in any dimension matrix
start += element_num
return lst
Not sure, why you want to use numpy for this. Here is a simple solution to create a list of lists
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
>>> b = [[3],[[2]],[1,8,2],[[[7,3,2]]],[9]]
>>>
>>> def create_list(l, itr):
... return [create_list(e, itr) if isinstance(e, list) else next(itr) for e in l]
...
>>>
>>> create_list(b, iter(a))
[[1], [[2]], [3, 4, 5], [[[6, 7, 8]]], [9]]
This can be done straight-forwardly with recursion. This function assumes that list b has the same number of non-list elements than the length of list a
def match_matrix(a, b):
it = iter(a)
def _worker(b):
lst = []
for x in b:
if isinstance(x, list):
lst.append(_worker(x))
else:
lst.append(next(it))
return lst
return _worker(b)
I have two lists of the same length which contains a variety of different elements. I'm trying to compare them to find the number of elements which exist in both lists, but have different indexes.
Here are some example inputs/outputs to demonstrate what I mean:
>>> compare([1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1])
4
>>> compare([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])
0
# Each item in the first list has the same index in the other
>>> compare([1, 2, 4, 4], [1, 4, 4, 2])
2
# The 3rd '4' in both lists don't count, since they have the same indexes
>>> compare([1, 2, 3, 3], [5, 3, 5, 5])
1
# Duplicates don't count
The lists are always the same size.
This is the algorithm I have so far:
def compare(list1, list2):
# Eliminate any direct matches
list1 = [a for (a, b) in zip(list1, list2) if a != b]
list2 = [b for (a, b) in zip(list1, list2) if a != b]
out = 0
for possible in list1:
if possible in list2:
index = list2.index(possible)
del list2[index]
out += 1
return out
Is there a more concise and eloquent way to do the same thing?
This python function does hold for the examples you provided:
def compare(list1, list2):
D = {e:i for i, e in enumerate(list1)}
return len(set(e for i, e in enumerate(list2) if D.get(e) not in (None, i)))
since duplicates don't count, you can use sets to find only the elements in each list. A set only holds unique elements. Then select only the elements shared between both using list.index
def compare(l1, l2):
s1, s2 = set(l1), set(l2)
shared = s1 & s2 # intersection, only the elements in both
return len([e for e in shared if l1.index(e) != l2.index(e)])
You can actually bring this down to a one-liner if you want
def compare(l1, l2):
return len([e for e in set(l1) & set(l2) if l1.index(e) != l2.index(e)])
Alternative:
Functionally you can use the reduce builtin (in python3, you have to do from functools import reduce first). This avoids construction of the list which saves excess memory usage. It uses a lambda function to do the work.
def compare(l1, l2):
return reduce(lambda acc, e: acc + int(l1.index(e) != l2.index(e)),
set(l1) & set(l2), 0)
A brief explanation:
reduce is a functional programming contruct that reduces an iterable to a single item traditionally. Here we use reduce to reduce the set intersection to a single value.
lambda functions are anonymous functions. Saying lambda x, y: x + 1 is like saying def func(x, y): return x + y except that the function has no name. reduce takes a function as its first argument. The first argument a the lambda receives when used with reduce is the result of the previous function, the accumulator.
set(l1) & set(l2) is a set consisting of unique elements that are in both l1 and l2. It is iterated over, and each element is taken out one at a time and used as the second argument to the lambda function.
0 is the initial value for the accumulator. We use this since we assume there are 0 shared elements with different indices to start.
I dont claim it is the simplest answer, but it is a one-liner.
import numpy as np
import itertools
l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
l2 = [1, 3, 2, 4]
print len(np.unique(list(itertools.chain.from_iterable([[a,b] for a,b in zip(l1,l2) if a!= b]))))
I explain:
[[a,b] for a,b in zip(l1,l2) if a!= b]
is the list of couples from zip(l1,l2) with different items. Number of elements in this list is number of positions where items at same position differ between the two lists.
Then, list(itertools.chain.from_iterable() is for merging component lists of a list. For instance :
>>> list(itertools.chain.from_iterable([[3,2,5],[5,6],[7,5,3,1]]))
[3, 2, 5, 5, 6, 7, 5, 3, 1]
Then, discard duplicates with np.unique(), and take len().
Given two lists of equal length, is there a simpler or preferred way to iterate over two lists of equal length and append the maximum of each pair of elements to a new list? These are the two methods I know of.
import itertools
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,1,6,3,8]
m1 = list()
m2 = list()
for x, y in zip(a, b):
m1.append(max(x, y))
for x in itertools.imap(max, a, b):
m2.append(x)
Both of these result in [1, 2, 6, 4, 8], which is correct. Is there a better way?
map(max, a, b)
[max(x, y) for x, y in zip(a, b)]
You could do it like:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [1,1,6,3,8]
m3 = [max(x,y) for (x,y) in zip(a,b)]
or even
m4 = map(max, zip(a,b))
In Python3, map() no longer returns a list, so you should use the list comprehension or
list(map(max, a, b))
if you really need a list and not just an iterator