I'm trying to create a program that copies a directory in the library directory on mac (path : "/Library"). I use shutil which works very well in other directories but not in the Library directory...
I want to be able to compile my program, so I can't run it as root.
Here is my code :
import shutil
def copy(src_path, dir_path):
try:
shutil.copytree(src_path, dir_path)
print("Success!")
except:
print("Impossible to copy the folder...")
print("Failed!")
copy("/Users/marinnagy/Desktop/Test", "Library/Test")
I think it's because the library directory is protected and requires authentication to make changes.
Do I have to make an authentication request to the user ? Or do I need to use another method than shutil ?
Thanks for your help !
After a good deal of research and many attempts, I finally managed to copy a folder into my Library directory.
On macOS, the process of writing to a protected directory like the Library directory is blocked for python program. Once compiled (I use pyinstaller), it seems to be impossible for a python application to access this kind of folder, even if you give the app Full Disk Access in the System Preferences.
So I used some AppleScript to manage this specific copy/paste task :
on run {scr_path, dir_path} # Run with arguments
# Translate standard paths to their quoted form
set formated_scr_path to quoted form of scr_path
set formated_dir_path to quoted form of dir_path
# Run a simple shell script to copy the repertory in the other
do shell script "cp -R " & formated_scr_path & space & formated_dir_path ¬
with administrator privileges # Ask for administrator privileges
end run
Then, in my python program, I call the AppleScript program when I want to copy/past to a protected repertory like the Library repertory :
import subprocess
def copy(scr_path, dir_path):
# Use the osascript process to call the AppleScript
# Give the paths in arguments
process = subprocess.call(['osascript', "path/to/applescript",
scr_path, dir_path])
return process
copy("path/to/folder 1", "path/to/folder 2")
This method worked for me on protected repertories. The AppleScript run in the background and an authentication window pop in, asking the user to identify himself as an admin :
result screenshot
I need to write into several files that usually needs higher level permission than a regular user. Before doing anything, I would like the check if the current user can write in all of them. If so, proceed to writing. Otherwise warns the user and asks to check first the user level permission.
In nix systems, like Linux and Mac OS, I can rely on os.access, but it seems that simply does not work on Windows. It tells that the file always have write permission, but proceeding to the writing I stumble in an unexpected exception of PermissionError - Permission denied.
I saw the StackOverflow link pointing to the win32security (Checking folder/file ntfs permissions using python). But the topic is 10 years old, and checking for library today, it doesn't seems that library is currently supported or mantained.
Snippet to check permission:
import os
if os.name == 'posix':
file_to_write = '/etc/hosts'
else:
file_to_write = 'C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts'
if os.access(file_to_write, os.W_OK):
print("I can write in!")
else:
print("Can't write. No permission.")
Then, the code to write in the file:
import os
if os.name == 'posix':
file_to_write = '/etc/hosts'
else:
file_to_write = 'C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts'
file_resource = open(file_to_write, 'a')
file_resource.write("\ntest")
file_resource.close()
Testing my snippets, using python3, in any operational system, or even testing any file in the system (not necessarily the hosts file in my example), python shall tells previously if the file can be written by the current user. If so, then the second snippet must not return an exception of PermissionError - Permission denied, and the target file shall have a word "test" in the file's last line. Otherwise, I won't even try the second snippet.
In Windows environment, python dumbly tells that any existing file have write permission.
Maybe use a with statement that automatically closes. 'a+' will create the file if it does not already exist and append the file. For reading and writing you can use 'r+':
import os
if os.name == 'posix':
file_to_write = '/etc/hosts'
else:
file_to_write = 'C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts'
with open('file_to_write', 'a+') as file_resource:
file_resource.write("\ntest") # .close() is automatically called
If this does not work the permission error will be because you are trying to write to a path that needs a user privilege. If that is the case consider using an alternative of the chmod on a Linux machine. In windows you can change the settings by right clicking the file. Navigate to the properties settings, then the security settings to allow 'write'
I've got a very simple python program I wrote to learn pygame, and among other things I use an image.
When I run the program with PyCharm, or when I run it by double-clicking on the file, it works fine. However, if I try to run it through the command prompt, I get the following error:
C:\Users\julix>C:\Users\julix\Documents\test\pygame_tutorial.py
pygame 1.9.4
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\julix\Documents\test\pygame_tutorial.py", line 21, in <module>
carImg = pygame.image.load("racecar.png")
pygame.error: Couldn't open racecar.png
This is the line in my code it refers to:
carImg = pygame.image.load("racecar.png")
The image "racecar.png" is located in exactly the same directory as the program.
The confusing part is that my code seems to be fine since there are no errors when I run it by double-clicking.
Can post full code if necessary.
Thanks in advance
The fact, that the file is in the same directory as the program doesn't matter. If you don't provide a path the program will look for the file in the working directory which might be a total different one.
If you want to use a specific directory add your path to the filename. A flexible approach would be to determine the path of the current file and use that. Python has a way to do that with os.path.dirname.
import os.path
print(os.path.dirname(__file__))
In this case it would lead to the following code:
import os.path
filepath = os.path.dirname(__file__)
carImg = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(filepath, "racecar.png"))
Here is an alternative implementation using the wonderful pathlib:
import pathlib
filepath = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
carImg = pygame.image.load(filepath / "racecar.png")
I would suggest an easy solution, I got stuck at the same stage.
I was coding in VS Code and later realized that the terminal is currently executing code from parent directory.
So to import image I just need to get the terminal into my current working directory and then run the program again.
Images were load fine without any error.
Just make sure in the terminal you are executing code from the same working directory as the project folder.
I've same problem. but for me, it's wrong about file name.
*sub_img = os.path.join(img_folder, 'submarine.png.png')
self.image = pygame.image.load(sub_img).convert()*
I was edit my file name " submarine.png " after downloaded.
So, This file is name submarine.png type png.
You can fix it by change file name to just "submarine"
I hope it's helpful.
I'm getting this error :
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python34\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1538, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:/Users/Marc/Documents/Programmation/Python/Llamachat/Llamachat/Llamachat.py", line 32, in download
with open(place_to_save, 'wb') as file:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/goodbye.txt'
When running this :
def download():
# get selected line index
index = films_list.curselection()[0]
# get the line's text
selected_text = films_list.get(index)
directory = filedialog.askdirectory(parent=root,
title="Choose where to save your movie")
place_to_save = directory + '/' + selected_text
print(directory, selected_text, place_to_save)
with open(place_to_save, 'wb') as file:
connect.retrbinary('RETR ' + selected_text, file.write)
tk.messagebox.showwarning('File downloaded',
'Your movie has been successfully downloaded!'
'\nAnd saved where you asked us to save it!!')
Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong?
Specs :
Python 3.4.4 x86
Windows 10 x64
This happens if you are trying to open a file, but your path is a folder.
This can happen easily by mistake.
To defend against that, use:
import os
path = r"my/path/to/file.txt"
assert os.path.isfile(path)
with open(path, "r") as f:
pass
The assertion will fail if the path is actually of a folder.
There are basically three main methods of achieving administrator execution privileges on Windows.
Running as admin from cmd.exe
Creating a shortcut to execute the file with elevated privileges
Changing the permissions on the python executable (Not recommended)
A) Running cmd.exe as and admin
Since in Windows there is no sudo command you have to run the terminal (cmd.exe) as an administrator to achieve to level of permissions equivalent to sudo. You can do this two ways:
Manually
Find cmd.exe in C:\Windows\system32
Right-click on it
Select Run as Administrator
It will then open the command prompt in the directory C:\Windows\system32
Travel to your project directory
Run your program
Via key shortcuts
Press the windows key (between alt and ctrl usually) + X.
A small pop-up list containing various administrator tasks will appear.
Select Command Prompt (Admin)
Travel to your project directory
Run your program
By doing that you are running as Admin so this problem should not persist
B) Creating shortcut with elevated privileges
Create a shortcut for python.exe
Righ-click the shortcut and select Properties
Change the shortcut target into something like "C:\path_to\python.exe" C:\path_to\your_script.py"
Click "advanced" in the property panel of the shortcut, and click the option "run as administrator"
Answer contributed by delphifirst in this question
C) Changing the permissions on the python executable (Not recommended)
This is a possibility but I highly discourage you from doing so.
It just involves finding the python executable and setting it to run as administrator every time. Can and probably will cause problems with things like file creation (they will be admin only) or possibly modules that require NOT being an admin to run.
Make sure the file you are trying to write is closed first.
Change the permissions of the directory you want to save to so that all users have read and write permissions.
You can run CMD as Administrator and change the permission of the directory using cacls.exe. For example:
cacls.exe c: /t /e /g everyone:F # means everyone can totally control the C: disc
In my case the problem was that I hid the file (The file had hidden atribute): How to deal with the problem in python:
Edit: highlight the unsafe methods, thank you d33tah
# Use the method nr 1, nr 2 is vulnerable
# 1
# and just to let you know there is also this way
# so you don't need to import os
import subprocess
subprocess.check_call(["attrib", "-H", _path])
# Below one is unsafe meaning that if you don't control the filePath variable
# there is a possibility to make it so that a malicious code would be executed
import os
# This is how to hide the file
os.system(f"attrib +h {filePath}")
file_ = open(filePath, "wb")
>>> PermissionError <<<
# and this is how to show it again making the file writable again:
os.system(f"attrib -h {filePath}")
file_ = open(filePath, "wb")
# This works
I had a similar problem. I thought it might be with the system. But, using shutil.copytree() from the shutil module solved the problem for me!
The problem could be in the path of the file you want to open. Try and print the path and see if it is fine
I had a similar problem
def scrap(soup,filenm):
htm=(soup.prettify().replace("https://","")).replace("http://","")
if ".php" in filenm or ".aspx" in filenm or ".jsp" in filenm:
filenm=filenm.split("?")[0]
filenm=("{}.html").format(filenm)
print("Converted a file into html that was not compatible")
if ".aspx" in htm:
htm=htm.replace(".aspx",".aspx.html")
print("[process]...conversion fron aspx")
if ".jsp" in htm:
htm=htm.replace(".jsp",".jsp.html")
print("[process]..conversion from jsp")
if ".php" in htm:
htm=htm.replace(".php",".php.html")
print("[process]..conversion from php")
output=open("data/"+filenm,"w",encoding="utf-8")
output.write(htm)
output.close()
print("{} bits of data written".format(len(htm)))
but after adding this code:
nofilenametxt=filenm.split('/')
nofilenametxt=nofilenametxt[len(nofilenametxt)-1]
if (len(nofilenametxt)==0):
filenm=("{}index.html").format(filenm)
It Worked perfectly
in my case. i just make the .idlerc directory hidden.
so, all i had do is to that directory and make recent-files.lst unhidden after that, the problem was solved
I got this error as I was running a program to write to a file I had opened. After I closed the file and reran the program, the program ran without errors and worked as expected.
I faced a similar problem. I am using Anaconda on windows and I resolved it as follows:
1) search for "Anaconda prompt" from the start menu
2) Right click and select "Run as administrator"
3) The follow the installation steps...
This takes care of the permission issues
Here is how I encountered the error:
import os
path = input("Input file path: ")
name, ext = os.path.basename(path).rsplit('.', 1)
dire = os.path.dirname(path)
with open(f"{dire}\\{name} temp.{ext}", 'wb') as file:
pass
It works great if the user inputs a file path with more than one element, like
C:\\Users\\Name\\Desktop\\Folder
But I thought that it would work with an input like
file.txt
as long as file.txt is in the same directory of the python file. But nope, it gave me that error, and I realized that the correct input should've been
.\\file.txt
As #gulzar said, I had the problem to write a file 'abc.txt' in my python script which was located in Z:\project\test.py:
with open('abc.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write("TEST123")
Every time I ran a script in fact it wanted to create a file in my C drive instead Z!
So I only specified full path with filename in:
with open('Z:\\project\\abc.txt', 'w') as file: ...
and it worked fine. I didn't have to add any permission nor change anything in windows.
That's a tricky one, because the error message lures you away from where the problem is.
When you see "__init__.py" of an imported module at the root of an permission error, you have a naming conflict. I bed a bottle of Rum, that there is "from tkinter import *" at the top of the file. Inside of TKinter, there is the name of a variable, a class or a function which is already in use anywhere else in the script.
Other symptoms would be:
The error is prompted immediately after the script is run.
The script might have worked well in previous Python versions.
User Mixon's long epos about administrator execution privileges has no impact at all. There would be no access errors to the files mentioned in the code from the console or other pieces of software.
Solution:
Change the import line to "import tkinter" and add the namespace to tkinter methods in the code.
Two easy steps to follow:
Close the document which is used in your script if it's open in your PC
Run Spyder from the Windows menu as "Run as administrator"
Error resolved.
This error actually also comes when using keras.preprocessing.image so for example:
img = keras.preprocessing.image.load_img(folder_path, target_size=image_size)
will throw the permission error. Strangely enough though, the problem is solved if you first import the library: from keras.preprocessing import image and only then use it. Like so:
img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(180,180))
Using Python, what's the correct way to set a file to be read-only when the file is located on a network share (being served from a Windows 2003 Server)?
I'm running Python 2.6.2 in OS X (10.6.1).
The following code throws an exception (as expected) when path is local, but os.chmod appears to have no effect when path points to a Windows share.
import os, stat
path = '/Volumes/Temp/test.txt'
# Create a test file.
open(path, 'w').close()
# Make the file read-only.
os.chmod(path, stat.S_IREAD)
# Try writing to it again. This should fail.
open(path, 'w').close()
I am pretty sure you must have the proper settings on your local SAMBA server (/etc/samba/smb.conf) to make this behave the way you intend. There is many ways to go around permission checking if smb.conf isn't set correctly.