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I'm working on a subprogram code that will make this happy face bounce around the screen and turn different colours. For some reason, the screen turns into that black glitchy screen and when I press exit at the top the face shows for a quick second before the program shuts down. I can't figure out why this is, here is my code and I've included a picture of what happens at first when I run it:
""" Program to show a very basic function
Most of the program is exactly the same as other programs we have done
The main difference is the grouping of code into a function called
drawHappy() to draw a few shapes together
In the main loop we "call" this function whenever we want to draw this
group of shapes
"""
# import the necessary modules
import pygame
import sys
import math
import random
from random import randint
# initialize pygame
pygame.init()
# set the size for the surface (screen)
# note this screen is resizable by the user
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600), pygame.RESIZABLE)
# set the caption for the screen
pygame.display.set_caption("Happy Face")
#screen width and height
screenW = screen.get_width()
screenH = screen.get_height()
# define colours you will be using
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
# funtion to draw a the "happy face"
# it has 4 parameters passed to it xPos, yPos, radius, and colour
# notice all the shapes are drawn "relative" to the xPos and yPos and the radius
def drawHappy(xPos,yPos,r,colour):
pygame.draw.circle(screen,colour,(xPos,yPos),r,1)
eyeRadius = int(1/6*r)
eyeX = int(xPos-1/3*r)
eyeY = int(yPos- 1/3*r)
pygame.draw.circle(screen,colour,(eyeX,eyeY),eyeRadius,1)
eyeX = int(xPos + 1/3*r)
pygame.draw.circle(screen,colour,(eyeX,eyeY),eyeRadius,1)
wMouth = 1.5*r
xMouth = xPos - 3/4*r
yMouth = yPos - 3/4*r
pygame.draw.arc(screen,colour,(xMouth,yMouth,wMouth,wMouth),math.pi,2*math.pi,1)
randomR = randint(1,300)
r = randomR
randomX = randint(r, 800-r)
randomY = randint(r, 600-r)
dx = 0
dy = 0
x = 100
y = 100
speed = 3
x2 = randomX
y2 = randomY
dx2 = speed
dy2 = -speed
colour_list = [YELLOW, BLACK, BLUE, RED, GREEN]
randomcolour = random.choice(colour_list)
colour = RED
# set up clock to control frames per second
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 120
# set main loop to True so it will run
main = True
# main loop
while main:
for event in pygame.event.get(): # check for any events (i.e key press, mouse click etc.)
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # check to see if it was "x" at top right of screen
main = False # set the "main" variable to False to exit while loop
clock.tick(FPS)
screen.fill(WHITE)
oldx = x
oldy = y
x += dx
y += dy
if x >= 800-r or x <= 0+r:
x = oldx
if y >= 600-r or y <= 0+r:
y = oldy
x2 += dx2
y2 += dy2
if x >= 800-r or x <= 0+r:
dx2 = -dx2
randomcolour = random.choice(colour_list)
colour = randomcolour
if y2 >= 600-r or y2 <= 0+r:
dy2 = -dy2
randomcolour = random.choice(colour_list)
colour = randomcolour
# "call" the function "drawHappy()" to draw the happy face
# this is where we would normally do a pygame.draw or a screen.blit()
# we are "passing" the function 4 values to use(x,y,radius, colour)
# it will use these to know where to draw the happy face
drawHappy(x2,y2,r,colour)
pygame.display.flip()
# quit pygame and exit the program (i.e. close everything down)
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
First of all, you need to call your draw function inside the loop. Your current code shows only a glimpse of "drawing" because it gets executed once you exit the main loop.
So, put your drawHappy() inside of main loop:
while main:
for event in pygame.event.get(): # check for any events (i.e key press, mouse click etc.)
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # check to see if it was "x" at top right of screen
main = False # set the "main" variable to False to exit while loop
drawHappy(x2,y2,r,colour)
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(FPS)
screen.fill(WHITE)
Now you will get a random size "smiley" on the screen, But now it will move on exit only, for the same reason it wouldn't display earlier. Next thing is to make it bounce (move). For this you'll need some kind of update of the coordinates, just like you did in the last part of your code, except they also need to be updated during the loop, not after it.
I suggest making a Class because then it will be easier to manipulate the object.
Also, I found it easier to separate draw and update_coordinates code into separate functions and them call them from main loop for example.
Hope this helps, and if you need more help, ask.
Here, I made a quick solution using parts of your code, there is plenty room for improvement especially for update_smiley_position() method where you can control how "smiley" moves.
Also, if you need multiple objects, a list should be passed instead of single object.
import pygame as pg
import math
import random
pg.init()
clock = pg.time.Clock()
window = pg.display.set_mode((800, 600), pg.RESIZABLE)
pg.display.set_caption("Happy Face")
SCREEN_W = window.get_width()
SCREEN_H = window.get_height()
class Smiley:
def __init__(self, x, y, r, color):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.r = r
self.color = color
self.create_smiley()
def create_smiley(self):
self.eye_radius = int(1/6 * self.r)
self.eye_x1 = int(self.x - 1/3 * self.r)
self.eye_x2 = int(self.x + 1/3 *self.r)
self.eye_y = int(self.y - 1/3 *self.r)
self.mouth_width = 1.5 * self.r
self.mouth_x = self.x - self.r * 0.75
self.mouth_y = self.y - self.r * 0.75
def draw_smiley(self, win):
pg.draw.circle(win, self.color, (self.x, self.y), self.r, 1)
pg.draw.circle(win, self.color, (self.eye_x1, self.eye_y), self.eye_radius, 1)
pg.draw.circle(win, self.color, (self.eye_x2, self.eye_y), self.eye_radius, 1)
pg.draw.arc(win, self.color, (self.mouth_x, self.mouth_y, self.mouth_width, self.mouth_width), math.pi, 2*math.pi, 1)
def update_smiley_position(self):
if self.x >= SCREEN_H - self.r or self.x <= 0 + self.r:
self.x = random.randint(100, 400)
else:
self.x += 5
if self.y >= SCREEN_W - self.r or self.y <= 0 + self.r:
self.y = random.randint(100, 400)
else:
self.y -= 5
self.create_smiley()
def draw(win, smiley):
win.fill(pg.Color("white"))
smiley.draw_smiley(win)
smiley.update_smiley_position()
pg.display.update()
def main_loop(win, smiley):
clock.tick(30)
for event in pg.event.get():
if event.type == pg.QUIT:
return False
draw(win, smiley)
return True
r = random.randint(1, 300)
x = random.randint(r, SCREEN_W - r)
y = random.randint(r, SCREEN_H - r)
smiley = Smiley(x, y, r, pg.Color("red"))
while main_loop(window, smiley):
pass
pg.quit()
HI I keep getting that error message from the line below
pygame.one_tile.blit(self.i_list[img_index], pos)
and this is from the function below
def create_grid(self, grid_size):
self.grid = [ ]
tile_width = self.surface.get_width() / grid_size
tile_height = self.surface.get_height() / grid_size
# this for loop creates each row in our grid
for i in range(grid_size):
one_row = [ ]
img_index = 0
for j in range(grid_size):
y = i * tile_height
x = j * tile_width
pos = (x,y)
one_tile = Tile(pos, tile_width, tile_height, self.surface)
pygame.one_tile.blit(self.i_list[img_index], pos)
img_index += 1
one_row.append(one_tile)
self.grid.append(one_row)
I'm writing a code for the memory game version 1 (the game that has 8 pairs of images and you need to memorize which image was on which card and match a pair) and I keep get that error message but I don;t really know what I should do to solve it. Any help would be appreciated very much. Thank you!!
and my full code is
import pygame, random
# User-defined functions
def main():
# initialize all pygame modules (some need initialization)
pygame.init()
# create a pygame display window
pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400))
# set the title of the display window
pygame.display.set_caption('A template for graphical games with two moving dots')
# get the display surface
w_surface = pygame.display.get_surface()
# create a game object
game = Game(w_surface)
# start the main game loop by calling the play method on the game object
game.play()
# quit pygame and clean up the pygame window
pygame.quit()
# User-defined classes
class Game:
# An object in this class represents a complete game.
def __init__(self, surface):
# Initialize a Game.
# - self is the Game to initialize
# - surface is the display window surface object
# === objects that are part of every game that we will discuss
self.surface = surface
self.bg_color = pygame.Color('black')
self.FPS = 60
self.game_Clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.close_clicked = False
self.continue_game = True
# === game specific objects
self.max_frames = 150
self.frame_counter = 0
self.i_list = []
self.images = ["image1.bmp", "image2.bmp", "image3.bmp", "image4.bmp", "image5.bmp", "image6.bmp", "image7.bmp", "image8.bmp"]
for i in self.images:
pygame.image.load(i)
self.i_list.append(i)
self.i_list.append(i)
random.shuffle(self.i_list)
self.create_grid(4)
def create_grid(self, grid_size):
self.grid = [ ]
tile_width = self.surface.get_width() / grid_size
tile_height = self.surface.get_height() / grid_size
# this for loop creates each row in our grid
for i in range(grid_size):
one_row = [ ]
img_index = 0
for j in range(grid_size):
y = i * tile_height
x = j * tile_width
pos = (x,y)
one_tile = Tile(pos, tile_width, tile_height, self.surface)
pygame.one_tile.blit(self.i_list[img_index], pos)
img_index += 1
one_row.append(one_tile)
self.grid.append(one_row)
def play(self):
# Play the game until the player presses the close box.
# - self is the Game that should be continued or not.
while not self.close_clicked: # until player clicks close box
# play frame
self.handle_events()
self.draw()
if self.continue_game:
self.update()
self.decide_continue()
self.game_Clock.tick(self.FPS) # run at most with FPS Frames Per Second
def handle_events(self):
# Handle each user event by changing the game state appropriately.
# - self is the Game whose events will be handled
events = pygame.event.get()
for event in events:
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
self.close_clicked = True
def draw(self):
# Draw all game objects.
# - self is the Game to draw
self.surface.fill(self.bg_color) # clear the display surface first
for row in self.grid:
for tile in row:
tile.draw()
pygame.display.update()
def update(self):
# Update the game objects for the next frame.
# - self is the Game to update
pass
def decide_continue(self):
# Check and remember if the game should continue
# - self is the Game to check
return True
class Tile:
# A tile represents one location on a grid. Tiles hold content
# (in this case, an X or an O).
def __init__(self, screen_position, width, height, surface):
# initialize one instance of our Tile class. Tiles represent
# one 'position' in our tic-tac-toe board.
# - self: the tile being initialized
# - screen_position: the [x, y] coordinates to draw the tile at
# - surface: the surface on which to draw the tile
# - height: the height of the tile when it is drawn
# - width: the width of the tile when it is drawn
self.screen_position = screen_position
self.surface = surface
self.content = ''
self.height = height
self.width = width
def draw(self):
# draw the contents of a tile to its surface.
tile_boundary = pygame.Rect(self.screen_position[0],
self.screen_position[1],
self.width,
self.height)
pygame.draw.rect(self.surface, pygame.Color("white"), tile_boundary, 2)
main()
I recommend to add an .image attribute and .visible attribute to the class Tile. Each tile knows the associated image and has a state if the image in on the tile is visible:
class Tile:
# A tile represents one location on a grid. Tiles hold content
# (in this case, an X or an O).
def __init__(self, screen_position, width, height, surface, image):
# initialize one instance of our Tile class. Tiles represent
# one 'position' in our tic-tac-toe board.
# - self: the tile being initialized
# - screen_position: the [x, y] coordinates to draw the tile at
# - surface: the surface on which to draw the tile
# - height: the height of the tile when it is drawn
# - width: the width of the tile when it is drawn
self.screen_position = screen_position
self.surface = surface
self.content = ''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.image = image
self.visible = False
def show(self, visible):
self.visible = visible
def draw(self):
# draw the contents of a tile to its surface.
tile_boundary = pygame.Rect(self.screen_position[0],
self.screen_position[1],
self.width,
self.height)
pygame.draw.rect(self.surface, pygame.Color("white"), tile_boundary, 2)
if self.visible:
img_rect = self.image.get_rect(center = tile_boundary.center)
self.surface.blit(self.image, img_rect.topleft)
To create an image list, you've to load the image. The return value of pygame.image.load is a pygame.Surface object which can be append to i_list:
self.i_list = []
self.images = ["image1.bmp", "image2.bmp", "image3.bmp", "image4.bmp", "image5.bmp", "image6.bmp", "image7.bmp", "image8.bmp"]
for imgname in self.images:
img = pygame.image.load(imgname)
self.i_list.append(img)
random.shuffle(self.i_list)
Pass the image to the constructor of Tile:
for i in range(grid_size):
one_row = [ ]
img_index = 0
for j in range(grid_size):
pos = (j * tile_width, i * tile_height)
one_tile = Tile(pos, tile_width, tile_height, self.surface, self.i_list[img_index])
img_index += 1
one_row.append(one_tile)
self.grid.append(one_row)
Note, for debug reasons you can all the state of all the images "visible" (self.visible = True in the constructor of Tiles).
In pygame I use pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, rectangle) for all the rectangles in my program. I want to be able to rotate these rectangles to any angle. I have seen the following code to rotate IMAGES but my question is with RECTANGLES.
pygame.transform.rotate(image, angle)
But I am working with rectangles, I don't have an image or "surface" that I can rotate. When I try to rotate a rectangle with
rect = pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, self.get_rectang())
rotatedRect = pygame.transform.rotate(rect, self.rotation)
screen.blit(rotatedRect)
This gives TypeError: must be pygame.Surface, not pygame.Rect on the line with .rotate()
My question is, how can I rotate a and display a RECTANGLE(x,y,w,h), not an image, in pygame.
The linked post that this is a "potential duplicate" of is not a duplicate. One answer explains about the consequences of rotating a rectangle and the other uses code for rotating an image.
See the second answer here: Rotating a point about another point (2D)
I think rectangles can only be horiz or vertical in their oreintation. You need to define the corners and rotate them and then draw and fill between them.
The other way is to make a class
class myRect(pygame.Surface):
def __init__(self, parent, xpos, ypos, width, height):
super(myRect, self).__init__(width, height)
self.xpos = xpos
self.ypos = ypos
self.parent = parent
def update(self, parent):
parent.blit(self, (self.xpos, self.ypos))
def rotate(self, angle):
#(your rotation code goes here)
and use that instead, as then you will be able to rotate it using the transform function.
import pygame as py
# define constants
WIDTH = 500
HEIGHT = 500
FPS = 30
# define colors
BLACK = (0 , 0 , 0)
GREEN = (0 , 255 , 0)
# initialize pygame and create screen
py.init()
screen = py.display.set_mode((WIDTH , HEIGHT))
# for setting FPS
clock = py.time.Clock()
rot = 0
rot_speed = 2
# define a surface (RECTANGLE)
image_orig = py.Surface((100 , 100))
# for making transparent background while rotating an image
image_orig.set_colorkey(BLACK)
# fill the rectangle / surface with green color
image_orig.fill(GREEN)
# creating a copy of orignal image for smooth rotation
image = image_orig.copy()
image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
# define rect for placing the rectangle at the desired position
rect = image.get_rect()
rect.center = (WIDTH // 2 , HEIGHT // 2)
# keep rotating the rectangle until running is set to False
running = True
while running:
# set FPS
clock.tick(FPS)
# clear the screen every time before drawing new objects
screen.fill(BLACK)
# check for the exit
for event in py.event.get():
if event.type == py.QUIT:
running = False
# making a copy of the old center of the rectangle
old_center = rect.center
# defining angle of the rotation
rot = (rot + rot_speed) % 360
# rotating the orignal image
new_image = py.transform.rotate(image_orig , rot)
rect = new_image.get_rect()
# set the rotated rectangle to the old center
rect.center = old_center
# drawing the rotated rectangle to the screen
screen.blit(new_image , rect)
# flipping the display after drawing everything
py.display.flip()
py.quit()
a more complex version of the quick replacement, in which you can define an arbitrary rotation center point for your rectangle - even outside of it (tested in python3):
def rectRotated( surface, color, pos, fill, border_radius, rotation_angle, rotation_offset_center = (0,0), nAntialiasingRatio = 1 ):
"""
- rotation_angle: in degree
- rotation_offset_center: moving the center of the rotation: (-100,0) will turn the rectangle around a point 100 above center of the rectangle,
if (0,0) the rotation is at the center of the rectangle
- nAntialiasingRatio: set 1 for no antialising, 2/4/8 for better aliasing
"""
nRenderRatio = nAntialiasingRatio
sw = pos[2]+abs(rotation_offset_center[0])*2
sh = pos[3]+abs(rotation_offset_center[1])*2
surfcenterx = sw//2
surfcentery = sh//2
s = pg.Surface( (sw*nRenderRatio,sh*nRenderRatio) )
s = s.convert_alpha()
s.fill((0,0,0,0))
rw2=pos[2]//2 # halfwidth of rectangle
rh2=pos[3]//2
pg.draw.rect( s, color, ((surfcenterx-rw2-rotation_offset_center[0])*nRenderRatio,(surfcentery-rh2-rotation_offset_center[1])*nRenderRatio,pos[2]*nRenderRatio,pos[3]*nRenderRatio), fill*nRenderRatio, border_radius=border_radius*nRenderRatio )
s = pygame.transform.rotate( s, rotation_angle )
if nRenderRatio != 1: s = pygame.transform.smoothscale(s,(s.get_width()//nRenderRatio,s.get_height()//nRenderRatio))
incfromrotw = (s.get_width()-sw)//2
incfromroth = (s.get_height()-sh)//2
surface.blit( s, (pos[0]-surfcenterx+rotation_offset_center[0]+rw2-incfromrotw,pos[1]-surfcentery+rotation_offset_center[1]+rh2-incfromroth) )
You cannot rotate a rectangle drawn by pygame.draw.rect. You have to create a transparent pygame.Surface and rotate the Surface:
rect_surf = pygame.Surface((widht, height), pygame.SRCLAPHA)
rect_surf.fill(color)
See How do I rotate an image around its center using PyGame?, to rotate the Surface.
I made a class which handles the rotation for you...
Extended from Ashish's design
from pygame import Surface, transform
from consts import screen
class BaseEntity:
def __init__(self, x: int, y: int):
self.x = x
self.y = y
class Rectangle(BaseEntity):
def __init__(self, x: int, y: int, width: int, height: int, color: tuple):
super().__init__(x, y)
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.color = color
self.rotatation = 0
# the rectangle is a surface itself
self.surface = Surface((width, height))
self.surface.set_colorkey((0, 0, 0))
self.surface.fill(color)
self.rect = self.surface.get_rect()
def display(self, angle=None):
# updating values
self.surface.fill(
self.color
) # refill the surface color if you change it somewhere in the program
self.rect = self.surface.get_rect()
self.rect.center = (self.x, self.y)
# renderer
if angle is not None:
self.rotatation = angle
old_center = self.rect.center
new = transform.rotate(self.surface, self.rotatation)
self.rect = new.get_rect()
self.rect.center = old_center
screen.blit(new, self.rect)
Using a bit of trigonometry and the polygon function, I'm able to draw a rotated rectangle.
import math
import pygame.draw
def draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height, color, rotation=0):
"""Draw a rectangle, centered at x, y.
Arguments:
x (int/float):
The x coordinate of the center of the shape.
y (int/float):
The y coordinate of the center of the shape.
width (int/float):
The width of the rectangle.
height (int/float):
The height of the rectangle.
color (str):
Name of the fill color, in HTML format.
"""
points = []
# The distance from the center of the rectangle to
# one of the corners is the same for each corner.
radius = math.sqrt((height / 2)**2 + (width / 2)**2)
# Get the angle to one of the corners with respect
# to the x-axis.
angle = math.atan2(height / 2, width / 2)
# Transform that angle to reach each corner of the rectangle.
angles = [angle, -angle + math.pi, angle + math.pi, -angle]
# Convert rotation from degrees to radians.
rot_radians = (math.pi / 180) * rotation
# Calculate the coordinates of each point.
for angle in angles:
y_offset = -1 * radius * math.sin(angle + rot_radians)
x_offset = radius * math.cos(angle + rot_radians)
points.append((x + x_offset, y + y_offset))
pygame.draw.polygon(screen, color, points)
https://replit.com/#TimSwast1/RotateARectanlge?v=1
a quick replacement of the base pygame function adding rotation:
def rectRotated( surface, color, pos, fill, border_radius, angle ):
"""
- angle in degree
"""
max_area = max(pos[2],pos[3])
s = pg.Surface((max_area,max_area))
s = s.convert_alpha()
s.fill((0,0,0,0))
pg.draw.rect(s, color,(0,0,pos[2],pos[3]),fill, border_radius=border_radius)
s = pygame.transform.rotate(s,angle)
surface.blit( s, (pos[0],pos[1]) )
This code simulates rotating rectangles falling towards the ground. I used it in one of my games to make the background look awesome
import pygame
import random
class Square(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y):
super(Square, self).__init__()
self.win = win
self.color = (128, 128, 128)
self.speed = 3
self.angle = 0
self.side = random.randint(15, 40)
self.surface = pygame.Surface((self.side, self.side), pygame.SRCALPHA)
self.surface.set_colorkey((200,200,200))
self.rect = self.surface.get_rect(center=(x, y))
def update(self, win):
center = self.rect.center
self.angle = (self.angle + self.speed) % 360
image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.surface , self.angle)
self.rect = image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center
self.rect.y += 1.5
if self.rect.top >= HEIGHT:
self.kill()
pygame.draw.rect(self.surface, self.color, (0,0, self.side, self.side), 4)
win.blit(image, self.rect)
if __name__ == '__main__':
pygame.init()
SCREEN = WIDTH, HEIGHT = 288, 512
win = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN, pygame.NOFRAME)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
FPS = 60
count = 0
square_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
running = True
while running:
win.fill((200,200,200))
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
running = False
count += 1
if count % 100 == 0:
x = random.randint(40, WIDTH-40)
y = 0
square = Square(x, y)
square_group.add(square)
count = 0
square_group.update(win)
pygame.draw.rect(win, (30,30,30), (0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT), 8)
clock.tick(FPS)
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
Here's the output, it's not an gif though
Now if you want color filled rectangle instead of bordered only, update this line on line 31
pygame.draw.rect(self.surface, self.color, (0,0, self.side, self.side))
and if you don't want the rectangle to fall down comment line 26
A concise and fast function to draw a rotated rectangle. Uses NumPy
def rectRotated(self, surface, rect, color, rotation):
"""
Draws a rotated Rect.
surface: pygame.Surface
rect: pygame.Rect
color: pygame.Color
rotation: float (degrees)
return: np.ndarray (vertices)
"""
# calculate the rotation in radians
rot_radians = -rotation * pi / 180
# calculate the points around the center of the rectangle, taking width and height into account
angle = atan2(rect.height / 2, rect.width / 2)
angles = [angle, -angle + pi, angle + pi, -angle]
radius = sqrt((rect.height / 2)**2 + (rect.width / 2)**2)
# create a numpy array of the points
points = np.array([
[rect.x + radius * cos(angle + rot_radians), rect.y + radius * sin(angle + rot_radians)]
for angle in angles
])
# draw the polygon
pygame.draw.polygon(surface, color, points)
# return the vertices of the rectangle
return points
I was wondering how I would go about scaling the size of images in pygame projects to the resolution of the screen. For example, envisage the following scenario assuming windowed display mode for the time being; I assume full screen will be the same:
I have a 1600x900 background image which of course displays natively in a 1600x900 window
In a 1280x720 window I can obviously just scale this images' rect to 1280x720
What happens, however if I need to add, say a 300x300 px image at x,y 1440,860 (example sizes) that is sized to fit with the original 1600x900 background? Of course for the 1600x900 I can of course use the image natively but what about the smaller/larger window sizes?
How do I scale images to the window size and then position them accordingly? I guess there must be a REALLY easy automated method but right now I can't figure it out.
You can scale the image with pygame.transform.scale:
import pygame
picture = pygame.image.load(filename)
picture = pygame.transform.scale(picture, (1280, 720))
You can then get the bounding rectangle of picture with
rect = picture.get_rect()
and move the picture with
rect = rect.move((x, y))
screen.blit(picture, rect)
where screen was set with something like
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1600, 900))
To allow your widgets to adjust to various screen sizes,
you could make the display
resizable:
import os
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500), HWSURFACE | DOUBLEBUF | RESIZABLE)
pic = pygame.image.load("image.png")
screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(pic, (500, 500)), (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
while True:
pygame.event.pump()
event = pygame.event.wait()
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.display.quit()
elif event.type == VIDEORESIZE:
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
event.dict['size'], HWSURFACE | DOUBLEBUF | RESIZABLE)
screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(pic, event.dict['size']), (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
If you scale 1600x900 to 1280x720 you have
scale_x = 1280.0/1600
scale_y = 720.0/900
Then you can use it to find button size, and button position
button_width = 300 * scale_x
button_height = 300 * scale_y
button_x = 1440 * scale_x
button_y = 860 * scale_y
If you scale 1280x720 to 1600x900 you have
scale_x = 1600.0/1280
scale_y = 900.0/720
and rest is the same.
I add .0 to value to make float - otherwise scale_x, scale_y will be rounded to integer - in this example to 0 (zero) (Python 2.x)
Scaling the background to the size of the window can easily be done with pygame.transform.scale() lor smoothscale. e.g.:
import pygame
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
background = pygame.image.load('sky.png').convert()
background = pygame.transform.smoothscale(background, window.get_size())
run = True
while run:
clock.tick(100)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
window.blit(background, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
exit()
However, this does not take into account the aspect ratio of the background. To fit the window into the background, you need to compare the width and height ratio and scale the image by the minimum ratio.
The following function scales an image to the desired size, but retains the aspect ratio. The function returns the scaled image and a rectangle indicating the position of the scaled image in the center of the area:
def transformScaleKeepRatio(image, size):
iwidth, iheight = image.get_size()
scale = min(size[0] / iwidth, size[1] / iheight)
new_size = (round(iwidth * scale), round(iheight * scale))
scaled_image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(image, new_size)
image_rect = scaled_image.get_rect(center = (size[0] // 2, size[1] // 2))
return scaled_image, image_rect
If you want to fill the entire window with the background, keeping the aspect ratio but cropping the sides of the background, just replace min with max.
scale = min(size[0] / iwidth, size[1] / iheight)
scale = max(size[0] / iwidth, size[1] / iheight)
Minimal example
import pygame
def transformScaleKeepRatio(image, size):
iwidth, iheight = image.get_size()
scale = min(size[0] / iwidth, size[1] / iheight)
#scale = max(size[0] / iwidth, size[1] / iheight)
new_size = (round(iwidth * scale), round(iheight * scale))
scaled_image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(image, new_size)
image_rect = scaled_image.get_rect(center = (size[0] // 2, size[1] // 2))
return scaled_image, image_rect
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300), pygame.RESIZABLE)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
background = pygame.image.load('parrot.png').convert_alpha()
scaled_bg, bg_rect = transformScaleKeepRatio(background, window.get_size())
run = True
while run == True:
clock.tick(100)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
elif event.type == pygame.VIDEORESIZE:
window = pygame.display.set_mode(event.size, pygame.RESIZABLE)
scaled_bg, bg_rect = transformScaleKeepRatio(background, window.get_size())
window.fill((127, 127, 127))
window.blit(scaled_bg, bg_rect)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
exit()
i do not know if you meant this, but this is how to scale to the size of the screen an image at the max that is possible, without losing the aspect ratio of the image among width and height
row = pygame.image.load(f"{image}")
x, y = row.get_size()
rx = 1000 / x
ry = 600 / y
print(rx)
print(ry)
ratio = rx if rx < ry else ry
row = pygame.transform.scale(row, (int(x*rx), int(y*rx)))
Here's a recipe that allows scaling image to screen so that it maintains aspect ratio and never extends outside the screen.
screen_resolution = (1920, 1080)
image_path = '/path/to/image.png'
center_image = True
image = pygame.image.load(image_path)
screen_w, screen_h = screen_resolution
image_w, image_h = image.get_size()
screen_aspect_ratio = screen_w / screen_h
photo_aspect_ratio = image_w / image_h
if screen_aspect_ratio < photo_aspect_ratio: # Width is binding
new_image_w = screen_w
new_image_h = int(new_image_w / photo_aspect_ratio)
image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (new_image_w, new_image_h))
image_x = 0
image_y = (screen_h - new_image_h) // 2 if center_image else 0
elif screen_aspect_ratio > photo_aspect_ratio: # Height is binding
new_image_h = screen_h
new_image_w = int(new_image_h * photo_aspect_ratio)
image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (new_image_w, new_image_h))
image_x = (screen_w - new_image_w) // 2 if center_image else 0
image_y = 0
else: # Images have the same aspect ratio
image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (screen_w, screen_h))
image_x = 0
image_y = 0
display.blit(image, (image_x, image_y))
First off, i have searched online and this website for solutions and the ones i have tried are not working so i decided to post my individual question and code. This program was created using Python 3.2.2 and the corresponding compatible version of pygame. I also realize a more efficient method would be to use sprites, sprite groups and 'dirty rect' updating but i unable to convert the program and so i will continue without the added benefits of such functions.
Problem: Smudge trails where the 'asteroids' are moving are left behind.
Hypothesis: Background is blitted onto the screen however the asteroids are blitted onto the Background.
Please Reply - btw i'm a highschooler from AUS :D
import pygame
import random
import math
pygame.init()
height = 550
width = 750
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
background = pygame.image.load("Planet.jpg")
Clock = pygame.time.Clock()
class asteroid(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, x, y, size):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.size = 15
self.speed = 0.0
self.angle = 0
self.colour = (171, 130, 255)
self.thickness = 0
def display(self):
pygame.draw.circle(background, self.colour, (int(self.x),int(self.y)), self.size, self.thickness)
pygame.draw.circle(background, (255, 255, 255), (int(self.x),int(self.y)), self.size, 1)
def move(self):
self.x += math.sin(self.angle) * self.speed
self.y -= math.cos(self.angle) * self.speed
def boundaries(self):
if self.x > width - self.size:
self.x = 0 + self.size
elif self.x < self.size:
self.x = width - self.size
if self.y > height - self.size:
self.y = 0 + self.size
elif self.y <self.size:
self.y = height - self.size
num_target = 5
my_particles = []
num_particles = len(my_particles)
while num_particles < 5:
for n in range(num_target):
size = 20
x = random.randint(size, height - size)
y = random.randint(size, width - size)
target = asteroid(x, y, size)
target.speed = random.uniform(1.0, 1.0)
target.angle = random.uniform(0, math.pi*2)
my_particles.append(target)
num_particles = num_particles + 1
def main():
pygame.display.set_caption("Anyu's Game")
screen.blit(background, (0,0))
pygame.display.update()
score = (pygame.time.get_ticks()/1000)
print (score)
while True:
pygame.display.update()
screen.blit(background, (0,0))
MouseP = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
frames = Clock.get_fps
pygame.mouse.set_visible
score = (pygame.time.get_ticks()/1000)
print (score)
print (MouseP)
for target in my_particles:
target.move()
target.boundaries()
target.display()
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit();
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
Basically, you are right! The circles are drawn directly onto the background, and everytime new circles are drawn, the old circles remain. Resulting in the smudges/trails.
You can just change background to screen in your draw method. This will fix it.
But it is really worth using the Sprite classes as intended. I've made a few changes to your code to switch it over for you. With these changes it runs without trails :)
Here are the changes and explainations:
Add this near the top:
#Create a new `pygame.Surface`, and draw a circle on it, then set transparency:
circle = pygame.Surface((30,30))
circle = circle.convert()
pygame.draw.circle(circle, (171, 130, 255), (int(15),int(15)), 15, 0)
circle.set_colorkey(circle.get_at((0, 0)), pygame.RLEACCEL)
Add this to the asteroid, __init__ method:
#Sets the asteroid image, and then the asteroids co-ords (these are in `rect`)
self.image = circle
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
Add this to the end of def move(self):
self.rect[0] = self.x
self.rect[1] = self.y
change:
my_particles = []
to:
#This is a special pygame container class, it has a draw() method that tracks changed areas of the screen.
my_particles = pygame.sprite.RenderUpdates()
change:
my_particles.append(target)
to:
my_particles.add(target)
change:
while True:
pygame.display.update()
screen.blit(background, (0,0))
MouseP = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
frames = Clock.get_fps
pygame.mouse.set_visible
score = (pygame.time.get_ticks()/1000)
print (score)
print (MouseP)
for target in my_particles:
target.move()
target.boundaries()
target.display()
pygame.display.update()
to:
#initial screen draw:
screen.blit(background, (0,0))
pygame.display.update()
while True:
#remove previous drawn sprites and replaces with background:
my_particles.clear(screen, background)
MouseP = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
frames = Clock.get_fps
pygame.mouse.set_visible
score = (pygame.time.get_ticks()/1000)
print (score)
print (MouseP)
for target in my_particles:
target.move()
target.boundaries()
#draws changed sprites to the screen:
pygame.display.update(my_particles.draw(screen))
Remove the display method as it is no longer needed.
This will also run a lot faster than the your earlier code, as the time taken to draw something is proportional to the size of the drawing area, and previously it was drawing the whole background everytime - now it only draws the sprites and changes to the background!
Hope this helps :)
This already has an answer but this can be useful instead of other methods.
Make sure when you blit the images onto the screen, flip the display after blitting everything.
I would consider making a draw() function
Like this:
def draw(self):
# Blit images
self.screen.blit(image)
# Flip display
pygame.display.flip()
This will flip the display every frame and then draw the next frame without a trail.
Also quick notes, remember to do image = pygame.image.load(image).convert or .convert_alpha() else after adding more images the game will slow down.
Also, if you do import pygame as pg you don't have to type out pygame each time, instead you can just type pg.