We Keep Coding

ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycairo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

Error while installing manimce, I have been trying to install manimce library on windows subsystem for linux and after running
pip install manimce
Collecting manimce
Downloading manimce-0.1.1.post2-py3-none-any.whl (249 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 249 kB 257 kB/s
Collecting Pillow
Using cached Pillow-8.4.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.1 MB)
Collecting scipy
Using cached scipy-1.7.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (39.3 MB)
Collecting colour
Using cached colour-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting pangocairocffi<0.5.0,>=0.4.0
Downloading pangocairocffi-0.4.0.tar.gz (17 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting numpy
Using cached numpy-1.21.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (15.7 MB)
Collecting pydub
Using cached pydub-0.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (32 kB)
Collecting pygments
Using cached Pygments-2.10.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.0 MB)
Collecting cairocffi<2.0.0,>=1.1.0
Downloading cairocffi-1.3.0.tar.gz (88 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 88 kB 160 kB/s
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting tqdm
Using cached tqdm-4.62.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (76 kB)
Collecting pangocffi<0.9.0,>=0.8.0
Downloading pangocffi-0.8.0.tar.gz (33 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting pycairo<2.0,>=1.19
Using cached pycairo-1.20.1.tar.gz (344 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting progressbar
Downloading progressbar-2.5.tar.gz (10 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting rich<7.0,>=6.0
Using cached rich-6.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (150 kB)
Collecting cffi>=1.1.0
Using cached cffi-1.15.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (446 kB)
Collecting commonmark<0.10.0,>=0.9.0
Using cached commonmark-0.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (51 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions<4.0.0,>=3.7.4
Using cached typing_extensions-3.10.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
Collecting colorama<0.5.0,>=0.4.0
Using cached colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting pycparser
Using cached pycparser-2.21-py2.py3-none-any.whl (118 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: cairocffi, pangocairocffi, pangocffi, pycairo, progressbar
Building wheel for cairocffi (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for cairocffi: filename=cairocffi-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl size=89650 sha256=afc73218cc9fa1d844d7165f598e2be0428598166b4c3ed9de5bbdc94a0a6977
Stored in directory: /home/yusifer_zendric/.cache/pip/wheels/f3/97/83/8022b9237866102e18d1b7ac0a269769e6fccba0f63dceb9b7
Building wheel for pangocairocffi (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for pangocairocffi: filename=pangocairocffi-0.4.0-py3-none-any.whl size=19283 sha256=54399796259c6e24f9ab56c5747ab273dcf97fb6fed3e7b54935f9ac49351d50
Stored in directory: /home/yusifer_zendric/.cache/pip/wheels/60/58/92/507a12a5044f7fcda6f4dfd8e0a607cc1fe957bc0dea885906
Building wheel for pangocffi (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for pangocffi: filename=pangocffi-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl size=37899 sha256=bea348af93696816b046dd901aa60d29a464460c5faac67628eb7e1ea7d1807d
Stored in directory: /home/yusifer_zendric/.cache/pip/wheels/c4/df/6d/e9d0f79b1545f6e902cc22773b1429de7a5efc240b891ee009
Building wheel for pycairo (pyproject.toml) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/yusifer_zendric/manim_ce/venv/bin/python /home/yusifer_zendric/manim_ce/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmpuguwzu3u
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-l4hqdegr/pycairo_f4d80b8f3e4840a3802342825adcdff5
Complete output (12 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
copying cairo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
copying cairo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
copying cairo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
running build_ext
'pkg-config' not found.
Command ['pkg-config', '--print-errors', '--exists', 'cairo >= 1.15.10']
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycairo
Building wheel for progressbar (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for progressbar: filename=progressbar-2.5-py3-none-any.whl size=12074 sha256=7290ef8de5dd955bf756b90130f400dd19c2cc9ea050a5a1dce2803440f581e2
Stored in directory: /home/yusifer_zendric/.cache/pip/wheels/2c/67/ed/d84123843c937d7e7f5ba88a270d11036473144143355e2747
Successfully built cairocffi pangocairocffi pangocffi progressbar
Failed to build pycairo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycairo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
(venv) yusifer_zendric#Laptop-Yusifer:~/manim_ce$
(venv) yusifer_zendric#Laptop-Yusifer:~/manim_ce$ pip install manim_ce
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement manim_ce (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for manim_ce
(venv) yusifer_zendric#Laptop-Yusifer:~/manim_ce$ manim example_scenes/basic.py -pql
Command 'manim' not found, did you mean:
command 'maim' from deb maim (5.5.3-1build1)
Try: sudo apt install <deb name>
(venv) yusifer_zendric#Laptop-Yusifer:~/manim_ce$ sudo apt-get install manim
[sudo] password for yusifer_zendric:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package manim
(venv) yusifer_zendric#Laptop-Yusifer:~/manim_ce$ pip3 install manimlib
Collecting manimlib
Downloading manimlib-0.2.0.tar.gz (4.8 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 4.8 MB 498 kB/s
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting Pillow
Using cached Pillow-8.4.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.1 MB)
Collecting argparse
Downloading argparse-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting colour
Using cached colour-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting numpy
Using cached numpy-1.21.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (15.7 MB)
Collecting opencv-python
Downloading opencv_python-4.5.4.60-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (60.3 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 60.3 MB 520 kB/s
Collecting progressbar
Using cached progressbar-2.5-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pycairo
Using cached pycairo-1.20.1.tar.gz (344 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting pydub
Using cached pydub-0.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (32 kB)
Collecting pygments
Using cached Pygments-2.10.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.0 MB)
Collecting scipy
Using cached scipy-1.7.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (39.3 MB)
Collecting tqdm
Using cached tqdm-4.62.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (76 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: manimlib, pycairo
Building wheel for manimlib (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for manimlib: filename=manimlib-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl size=212737 sha256=27efe2c226d80cfe5663928e980d3e5f5a164d8e9d0aacea5014d37ffdedb76a
Stored in directory: /home/yusifer_zendric/.cache/pip/wheels/87/36/c1/2db5ed5de9908034108f3c39538cd3367445d9cec01e7c8c23
Building wheel for pycairo (pyproject.toml) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/yusifer_zendric/manim_ce/venv/bin/python /home/yusifer_zendric/manim_ce/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmp5o2970su
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-sxxp3lw2/pycairo_d372a62d0c6b4c4484391402d21485e1
Complete output (12 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
copying cairo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
copying cairo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
copying cairo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
running build_ext
'pkg-config' not found.
Command ['pkg-config', '--print-errors', '--exists', 'cairo >= 1.15.10']
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycairo
Successfully built manimlib
Failed to build pycairo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycairo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
all the libraries are installed accept the pycairo library. It's just showing this to install pyproject.toml error. Infact I have already done pip install pyproject.toml and it is installed then also it's showing the same error.

apt-get install sox ffmpeg libcairo2 libcairo2-dev
apt-get install texlive-full
pip3 install manimlib # or pip install manimlib
Then:
pip3 install manimce # or pip install manimce
And everything works.

I had the same error, for a different package however. I solved the issue with:
apt install libpython3.9-dev

In my case I'm trying to install PyGObject in Fedora.
But I experience the same problem.
Here's how to do it in Fedora.
sudo dnf install gobject-introspection-devel cairo-gobject-devel
follow by installing the lib that you're using, in my case was PyGObject
pip install PyGObject

These two commands worked for me
sudo apt-get install sox ffmpeg libcairo2 libcairo2-dev
sudo apt install libgirepository1.0-dev

I had the exact description of the error but for different module (aiohttp). Just in case will leave here the description of encountered error and the solution.
The error below I got while executing pip install -r requirements.txt for installation I made:
socket.c -o build/temp.linux-armv8l-cpython-311/aiohttp/_websocket.o
aiohttp/_websocket.c:198:12: fatal error: 'longintrepr.h' file not found
#include "longintrepr.h"
^~~~~~~ 1 error generated.
error: command '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-clang'
failed with exit code 1
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for aiohttp
Failed to build aiohttp
ERROR: Could not build wheels for aiohttp, which is required to install
pyproject.toml-based projects
This error is specific to Python 3.11 version. On Python with 3.10.6 version installation went fine.
To solve it I needed to update requirements.txt.
Not working versions of modules with Python 3.11:
aiohttp==3.8.1
yarl==1.4.2
frozenlist==1.3.0
Working versions:
aiohttp==3.8.2
yarl==1.8.1
frozenlist==1.3.1
Links to the corresponding issues with fixes:
https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/issues/6600
https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/706
https://github.com/aio-libs/frozenlist/issues/305

step 1: try: pip install wheel
step 2: pip install manimce
if still doesn't work try: pip3 instead of pip
else: reinstall python and follow steps 1 and step 2
and if it still doesn't work install a lower version
and if it still doesn't work make sure it is the right package
and if it still doesn't work there is some fatal error somewhere

Dependency problem (pefile -> future) during pip installing pyinstaller

I cannot install pyinstaller because of some dependecy conflicts. Start and the and of the log below...
Using Python 3.7.9, pip 21.3.1, windows 7 64, instaling from cmd line as administrator
Log:
Collecting pyinstaller
Using cached pyinstaller-4.7-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (2.0 MB)
Collecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib>=2020.6
Using cached pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2021.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (215 kB)
Collecting altgraph
Using cached altgraph-0.17.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (21 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\python\spyder\pkgs (from pyinstaller) (59.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata in c:\python\spyder\pkgs (from pyinstaller) (4.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pywin32-ctypes>=0.2.0 in c:\python\spyder\pkgs (from pyinstaller) (0.2.0)
Collecting pefile>=2017.8.1
Using cached pefile-2021.9.3.tar.gz (72 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Collecting future
Using cached future-0.18.2.tar.gz (829 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
Using cached future-0.18.1.tar.gz (828 kB)
...
...
Using cached pyinstaller-2.0.zip (3.4 MB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
Using cached pyinstaller-2.0.tar.bz2 (2.5 MB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
The conflict is caused by:
pefile 2021.9.3 depends on future
...
pefile 2017.8.1 depends on future
To fix this you could try to:
1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified
2. remove package versions to allow pip attempt to solve the dependency conflict

error during deploying django project to heruku

I am trying to deplow a django project to heroku but i am getting this error.
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmp5mrz1adn Check the logs for full command output.
! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
! Push failed
This is the entire log
ctivity Feed Build LogID 314cb820-4652-417b-9486-61d629e4a6a9
-----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
-----> Using buildpack: heroku/python
-----> Python app detected
-----> Using Python version specified in runtime.txt
-----> Installing python-3.8.12
-----> Installing pip 20.2.4, setuptools 57.5.0 and wheel 0.37.0
-----> Installing SQLite3
-----> Installing requirements with pip
Collecting alembic==1.6.5
Downloading alembic-1.6.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (164 kB)
Collecting asgiref==3.3.4
Downloading asgiref-3.3.4-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting Babel==2.9.1
Downloading Babel-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (8.8 MB)
Collecting bcrypt==3.2.0
Downloading bcrypt-3.2.0-cp36-abi3-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (63 kB)
Collecting bidict==0.21.2
Downloading bidict-0.21.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (37 kB)
Collecting blinker==1.4
Downloading blinker-1.4.tar.gz (111 kB)
Collecting Brotli==1.0.9
Downloading Brotli-1.0.9-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (357 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.14.6
Downloading cffi-1.14.6-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (411 kB)
Collecting cheroot==8.5.2
Downloading cheroot-8.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Collecting click==7.1.2
Downloading click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting cryptography==3.4.7
Downloading cryptography-3.4.7-cp36-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.2 MB)
Collecting Django==3.2.8
Downloading Django-3.2.8-py3-none-any.whl (7.9 MB)
Collecting django-ckeditor==6.1.0
Downloading django_ckeditor-6.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (2.4 MB)
Collecting django-filter==2.4.0
Downloading django_filter-2.4.0-py3-none-any.whl (73 kB)
Collecting django-js-asset==1.2.2
Downloading django_js_asset-1.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (5.8 kB)
Collecting django-multiselectfield==0.1.12
Downloading django_multiselectfield-0.1.12-py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting dnspython==1.16.0
Downloading dnspython-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (188 kB)
Collecting email-validator==1.1.3
Downloading email_validator-1.1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting eventlet==0.31.0
Downloading eventlet-0.31.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (224 kB)
Collecting Flask==1.1.4
Downloading Flask-1.1.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
Collecting Flask-BabelEx==0.9.4
Downloading Flask_BabelEx-0.9.4-py3-none-any.whl (8.7 kB)
Collecting Flask-Compress==1.10.1
Downloading Flask_Compress-1.10.1-py3-none-any.whl (7.9 kB)
Collecting Flask-Gravatar==0.5.0
Downloading Flask_Gravatar-0.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.5 kB)
Collecting Flask-Login==0.5.0
Downloading Flask_Login-0.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting Flask-Mail==0.9.1
Downloading Flask-Mail-0.9.1.tar.gz (45 kB)
Collecting Flask-Migrate==2.7.0
Downloading Flask_Migrate-2.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting Flask-Paranoid==0.2.0
Downloading Flask_Paranoid-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.1 kB)
Collecting Flask-Principal==0.4.0
Downloading Flask-Principal-0.4.0.tar.gz (5.5 kB)
Collecting Flask-Security-Too==4.0.1
Downloading Flask_Security_Too-4.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (244 kB)
Collecting Flask-SocketIO==5.1.0
Downloading Flask_SocketIO-5.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.5.1
Downloading Flask_SQLAlchemy-2.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting Flask-WTF==0.15.1
Downloading Flask_WTF-0.15.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting greenlet==1.1.0
Downloading greenlet-1.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (164 kB)
Collecting gunicorn==20.1.0
Downloading gunicorn-20.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
Collecting httpagentparser==1.9.1
Downloading httpagentparser-1.9.1.tar.gz (7.9 kB)
Collecting idna==3.2
Downloading idna-3.2-py3-none-any.whl (59 kB)
Collecting importlib-resources==5.2.2
Downloading importlib_resources-5.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (27 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous==1.1.0
Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting jaraco.functools==3.3.0
Downloading jaraco.functools-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (6.8 kB)
Collecting Jinja2==2.11.3
Downloading Jinja2-2.11.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
Collecting ldap3==2.9
Downloading ldap3-2.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (430 kB)
Collecting Mako==1.1.4
Downloading Mako-1.1.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (75 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe==2.0.1
Downloading MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (30 kB)
Collecting more-itertools==8.8.0
Downloading more_itertools-8.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (48 kB)
Collecting paramiko==2.7.2
Downloading paramiko-2.7.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (206 kB)
Collecting passlib==1.7.4
Downloading passlib-1.7.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (525 kB)
Collecting pgadmin4==5.4
Downloading pgadmin4-5.4-py3-none-any.whl (99.6 MB)
Collecting Pillow==8.3.1
Downloading Pillow-8.3.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl (3.0 MB)
Collecting postgres==4.0
Downloading postgres-4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (21 kB)
Collecting psutil==5.8.0
Downloading psutil-5.8.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (296 kB)
Collecting psycopg2==2.9.1
Downloading psycopg2-2.9.1.tar.gz (379 kB)
Collecting psycopg2-binary==2.8.6
Downloading psycopg2_binary-2.8.6-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (3.0 MB)
Collecting psycopg2-pool==1.1
Downloading psycopg2_pool-1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.3 kB)
Collecting pyasn1==0.4.8
Downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
Collecting pycparser==2.20
Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
Collecting PyNaCl==1.4.0
Downloading PyNaCl-1.4.0-cp35-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (961 kB)
Collecting python-dateutil==2.8.1
Downloading python_dateutil-2.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (227 kB)
Collecting python-editor==1.0.4
Downloading python_editor-1.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB)
Collecting python-engineio==4.2.0
Downloading python_engineio-4.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (51 kB)
Collecting python-socketio==5.3.0
Downloading python_socketio-5.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (53 kB)
Collecting pytz==2021.1
Downloading pytz-2021.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510 kB)
Collecting pywinpty==1.1.1
Downloading pywinpty-1.1.1.tar.gz (48 kB)
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
Getting requirements to build wheel: started
Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
Preparing wheel metadata: started
Preparing wheel metadata: finished with status 'error'
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmp5mrz1adn
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-19xig8s3/pywinpty
Complete output (6 lines):
Checking for Rust toolchain...
Cargo, the Rust package manager, is not installed or is not on PATH.
This package requires Rust and Cargo to compile extensions. Install it through
the system's package manager or via https://rustup.rs/
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmp5mrz1adn Check the logs for full command output.
! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
! Push failed
my runtime.txt contains the python version 3.8.12 which is supported by heroku.
Please suggest me what should I do to resolve this error.

After carefully reading log file, here's what I recommend to do for clean deploy.
While venv is activated and you're in project directory (where manage.py live), do the following:
Open requirements.txt
Delete unneeded modules from requirements.txt
Uninstall unneeded modules with pip uninstall module
Now run pip freeze requirements.txt
Deactivate venv
Then add requirements.txt to source control git add -A
Commit your changes git commit -m "deleted unneeded modules"
If you have existed Heroku app, connect to it with
heroku git:remote -a myapp, else pass this step
Deploy, git push heroku master
If you are unsure which modules your project need and I can't determin exactly the project's requirements but if you have basic project, you only need 3 modules which are Django, psycopg2-binary, gunicorn, so do the following for clean deploy:
Delete venv
Outside project directory, create new one
Activate venv
Install the modules you need, probably Django, psycopg2-binary, gunicorn
Now run pip freeze requirements.txt
Deactivate venv
Then add requirements.txt to source control git add -A
Commit your changes git commit -m "deleted unneeded modules"
If you have existed Heroku app, connect to it with
heroku git:remote -a myapp, else pass this step
Deploy, git push heroku master

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: While deploying codes on Heroku

I am trying to deploy my flask application on the Heroku platform. I am completely new to this platform. I have made my requirements.txt using the command pip freeze > requirements.txt also created a Procfile that contain web: gunicorn app:app
When I am trying to deploy the code on Heroku the same error is showing (Preparing wheel metadata: finished with status 'error') I have gone through the error message and as per the instruction I tried to install the rust package manager through the given link https://rustup.rs/ but still the same error is showing.
Please help me to figure out what I am missing here.
Thanks in advance
-----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
-----> Determining which buildpack to use for this app
-----> Python app detected
-----> No Python version was specified. Using the buildpack default: python-3.9.6
To use a different version, see: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes
-----> Installing python-3.9.6
-----> Installing pip 20.2.4, setuptools 47.1.1 and wheel 0.36.2
-----> Installing SQLite3
-----> Installing requirements with pip
Collecting absl-py==0.12.0
Downloading absl_py-0.12.0-py3-none-any.whl (129 kB)
Collecting altgraph==0.17
Downloading altgraph-0.17-py2.py3-none-any.whl (21 kB)
Collecting anyio==2.2.0
Downloading anyio-2.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
Collecting argon2-cffi==20.1.0
Downloading argon2_cffi-20.1.0-cp35-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (97 kB)
Collecting async-generator==1.10
Downloading async_generator-1.10-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting attrs==20.3.0
Downloading attrs-20.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (49 kB)
Collecting autopep8==1.5.7
Downloading autopep8-1.5.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (45 kB)
Collecting Babel==2.9.1
Downloading Babel-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (8.8 MB)
Collecting backcall==0.2.0
Downloading backcall-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting beautifulsoup4==4.9.3
Downloading beautifulsoup4-4.9.3-py3-none-any.whl (115 kB)
Collecting bleach==3.3.0
Downloading bleach-3.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (283 kB)
Collecting blinker==1.4
Downloading blinker-1.4.tar.gz (111 kB)
Collecting cachetools==4.2.2
Downloading cachetools-4.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting catboost==0.25.1
Downloading catboost-0.25.1-cp39-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (67.3 MB)
Collecting category-encoders==2.2.2
Downloading category_encoders-2.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (80 kB)
Collecting certifi==2020.12.5
Downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.14.5
Downloading cffi-1.14.5-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (406 kB)
Collecting chardet==4.0.0
Downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)
Collecting click==7.1.2
Downloading click-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting colorama==0.4.4
Downloading colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting comtypes==1.1.10
Downloading comtypes-1.1.10.tar.gz (145 kB)
Collecting cycler==0.10.0
Downloading cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.5 kB)
Collecting decorator==5.0.7
Downloading decorator-5.0.7-py3-none-any.whl (8.8 kB)
Collecting defusedxml==0.7.1
Downloading defusedxml-0.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (25 kB)
Collecting deprecation==2.1.0
Downloading deprecation-2.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting dnspython==2.1.0
Downloading dnspython-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (241 kB)
Collecting docopt==0.6.2
Downloading docopt-0.6.2.tar.gz (25 kB)
Collecting email-validator==1.1.3
Downloading email_validator-1.1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting entrypoints==0.3
Downloading entrypoints-0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting et-xmlfile==1.1.0
Downloading et_xmlfile-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (4.7 kB)
Collecting Flask==1.1.2
Downloading Flask-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
Collecting Flask-Mail==0.9.1
Downloading Flask-Mail-0.9.1.tar.gz (45 kB)
Collecting Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.5.1
Downloading Flask_SQLAlchemy-2.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting Flask-WTF==0.15.1
Downloading Flask_WTF-0.15.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting future==0.18.2
Downloading future-0.18.2.tar.gz (829 kB)
Collecting fuzzywuzzy==0.18.0
Downloading fuzzywuzzy-0.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting gevent==21.1.2
Downloading gevent-21.1.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (6.0 MB)
Collecting google-auth==1.30.0
Downloading google_auth-1.30.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (146 kB)
Collecting google-auth-oauthlib==0.4.4
Downloading google_auth_oauthlib-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting graphviz==0.16
Downloading graphviz-0.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting greenlet==1.0.0
Downloading greenlet-1.0.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (163 kB)
Collecting grpcio==1.34.1
Downloading grpcio-1.34.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (4.0 MB)
Collecting gunicorn==20.1.0
Downloading gunicorn-20.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
Collecting h5py==3.1.0
Downloading h5py-3.1.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (4.4 MB)
Collecting idna==2.10
Downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Collecting imbalanced-learn==0.8.0
Downloading imbalanced_learn-0.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (206 kB)
Collecting imblearn==0.0
Downloading imblearn-0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.9 kB)
Collecting ipykernel==5.5.3
Downloading ipykernel-5.5.3-py3-none-any.whl (120 kB)
Collecting ipython==7.23.0
Downloading ipython-7.23.0-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)
Collecting ipython-genutils==0.2.0
Downloading ipython_genutils-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous==1.1.0
Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting jedi==0.18.0
Downloading jedi-0.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4 MB)
Collecting Jinja2==2.11.3
Downloading Jinja2-2.11.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
Collecting joblib==0.17.0
Downloading joblib-0.17.0-py3-none-any.whl (301 kB)
Collecting Js2Py==0.71
Downloading Js2Py-0.71-py3-none-any.whl (1.0 MB)
Collecting json5==0.9.5
Downloading json5-0.9.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting jsonschema==3.2.0
Downloading jsonschema-3.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56 kB)
Collecting jupyter-client==6.1.12
Downloading jupyter_client-6.1.12-py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
Collecting jupyter-core==4.7.1
Downloading jupyter_core-4.7.1-py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting jupyter-packaging==0.9.2
Downloading jupyter_packaging-0.9.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting jupyter-server==1.6.4
Downloading jupyter_server-1.6.4-py3-none-any.whl (377 kB)
Collecting jupyterlab==3.0.14
Downloading jupyterlab-3.0.14-py3-none-any.whl (8.3 MB)
Collecting jupyterlab-pygments==0.1.2
Downloading jupyterlab_pygments-0.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.6 kB)
Collecting jupyterlab-server==2.5.0
Downloading jupyterlab_server-2.5.0-py3-none-any.whl (49 kB)
Collecting keras-nightly==2.5.0.dev2021032900
Downloading keras_nightly-2.5.0.dev2021032900-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
Collecting Keras-Preprocessing==1.1.2
Downloading Keras_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)
Collecting kiwisolver==1.3.1
Downloading kiwisolver-1.3.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.2 MB)
Collecting lightgbm==3.2.1
Downloading lightgbm-3.2.1-py3-none-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.0 MB)
Collecting Markdown==3.3.4
Downloading Markdown-3.3.4-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe==1.1.1
Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (32 kB)
Collecting matplotlib==3.4.2
Downloading matplotlib-3.4.2-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.3 MB)
Collecting matplotlib-inline==0.1.2
Downloading matplotlib_inline-0.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (8.2 kB)
Collecting mistune==0.8.4
Downloading mistune-0.8.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting mysqlclient==2.0.3
Downloading mysqlclient-2.0.3.tar.gz (88 kB)
Collecting nbclassic==0.2.7
Downloading nbclassic-0.2.7-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting nbclient==0.5.3
Downloading nbclient-0.5.3-py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting nbconvert==6.0.7
Downloading nbconvert-6.0.7-py3-none-any.whl (552 kB)
Collecting nbformat==5.1.3
Downloading nbformat-5.1.3-py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)
Collecting nest-asyncio==1.5.1
Downloading nest_asyncio-1.5.1-py3-none-any.whl (5.0 kB)
Collecting notebook==6.3.0
Downloading notebook-6.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (9.5 MB)
Collecting numpy==1.19.4
Downloading numpy-1.19.4-cp39-cp39-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (14.5 MB)
Collecting oauthlib==3.1.0
Downloading oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)
Collecting openpyxl==3.0.7
Downloading openpyxl-3.0.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (243 kB)
Collecting opt-einsum==3.3.0
Downloading opt_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
Collecting packaging==20.9
Downloading packaging-20.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
Collecting pandas==1.1.4
Downloading pandas-1.1.4-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (9.3 MB)
Collecting pandocfilters==1.4.3
Downloading pandocfilters-1.4.3.tar.gz (16 kB)
Collecting parso==0.8.2
Downloading parso-0.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
Collecting patsy==0.5.1
Downloading patsy-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (231 kB)
Collecting pefile==2021.5.24
Downloading pefile-2021.5.24.tar.gz (66 kB)
Collecting pickleshare==0.7.5
Downloading pickleshare-0.7.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.9 kB)
Collecting Pillow==8.2.0
Downloading Pillow-8.2.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (3.0 MB)
Collecting pipwin==0.5.1
Downloading pipwin-0.5.1.tar.gz (8.8 kB)
Collecting plotly==4.14.3
Downloading plotly-4.14.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13.2 MB)
Collecting prometheus-client==0.10.1
Downloading prometheus_client-0.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (55 kB)
Collecting prompt-toolkit==3.0.18
Downloading prompt_toolkit-3.0.18-py3-none-any.whl (367 kB)
Collecting protobuf==3.17.0
Downloading protobuf-3.17.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0 MB)
Collecting py4j==0.10.9
Downloading py4j-0.10.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (198 kB)
Collecting pyasn1==0.4.8
Downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
Collecting pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kB)
Collecting pycodestyle==2.7.0
Downloading pycodestyle-2.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (41 kB)
Collecting pycparser==2.20
Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
Collecting pygame==2.0.1
Downloading pygame-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (11.8 MB)
Collecting Pygments==2.9.0
Downloading Pygments-2.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.0 MB)
Collecting pyinstaller==4.4
Downloading pyinstaller-4.4-py3-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (1.5 MB)
Collecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib==2021.2
Downloading pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2021.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (190 kB)
Collecting pyjsparser==2.7.1
Downloading pyjsparser-2.7.1.tar.gz (24 kB)
Collecting PyMySQL==1.0.2
Downloading PyMySQL-1.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (43 kB)
Collecting pyparsing==2.4.7
Downloading pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67 kB)
Collecting pypiwin32==223
Downloading pypiwin32-223-py3-none-any.whl (1.7 kB)
Collecting PyPrind==2.11.3
Downloading PyPrind-2.11.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (8.4 kB)
Collecting pyrsistent==0.17.3
Downloading pyrsistent-0.17.3.tar.gz (106 kB)
Collecting pySmartDL==1.3.4
Downloading pySmartDL-1.3.4-py3-none-any.whl (20 kB)
Collecting pyspark==3.1.1
Downloading pyspark-3.1.1.tar.gz (212.3 MB)
Collecting python-dateutil==2.8.1
Downloading python_dateutil-2.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (227 kB)
Collecting pyttsx==1.1
Downloading pyttsx-1.1.tar.gz (23 kB)
Collecting pyttsx3==2.90
Downloading pyttsx3-2.90-py3-none-any.whl (39 kB)
Collecting pytz==2020.4
Downloading pytz-2020.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (509 kB)
Collecting pywin32-ctypes==0.2.0
Downloading pywin32_ctypes-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (28 kB)
Collecting pywinpty==1.0.1
Downloading pywinpty-1.0.1.tar.gz (47 kB)
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
Getting requirements to build wheel: started
Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
Preparing wheel metadata: started
Preparing wheel metadata: finished with status 'error'
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpnij9ftxr
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-w7oyrrfw/pywinpty
Complete output (6 lines):
Checking for Rust toolchain...
Cargo, the Rust package manager, is not installed or is not on PATH.
This package requires Rust and Cargo to compile extensions. Install it through
the system's package manager or via https://rustup.rs/
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpnij9ftxr Check the logs for full command output.
! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
! Push failed

It is having issues installing pywinpty...
Collecting pywinpty==1.0.1
Downloading pywinpty-1.0.1.tar.gz (47 kB)
Installing build dependencies: started
Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
Getting requirements to build wheel: started
Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
Preparing wheel metadata: started
Preparing wheel metadata: finished with status 'error'
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpnij9ftxr
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-w7oyrrfw/pywinpty
Complete output (6 lines):
Checking for Rust toolchain...
Cargo, the Rust package manager, is not installed or is not on PATH.
This package requires Rust and Cargo to compile extensions. Install it through
the system's package manager or via https://rustup.rs/
Heroku is a PaaS, which means the code will not run on your local machine but rather in the "cloud" on a Linux VM, which would not allow you to install pywinpty.
See Push rejected, fails Python App to Heroku

What is missing in Python Flask app that build is failing?

what could be the build failure reason? I tried different versions of MarkupSafe but still its getting failed. Tried running different branches too, all builds are getting failed.
Does it has any version issues? Are there any other libraries required? Using postgres for db.
-----> Python app detected
! Python has released a security update! Please consider upgrading to python-3.6.12
Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes
-----> Requirements file has been changed, clearing cached dependencies
-----> Installing python-3.6.4
-----> Installing pip 20.1.1, setuptools 47.1.1 and wheel 0.34.2
-----> Installing SQLite3
-----> Installing requirements with pip
Collecting alembic==0.9.6
Downloading alembic-0.9.6.tar.gz (998 kB)
Collecting arrow==0.12.0
Downloading arrow-0.12.0.tar.gz (89 kB)
Collecting blinker==1.4
Downloading blinker-1.4.tar.gz (111 kB)
Collecting click==6.7
Downloading click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (71 kB)
Collecting dateparser==0.6.0
Downloading dateparser-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (68 kB)
Collecting dominate==2.3.1
Downloading dominate-2.3.1.tar.gz (27 kB)
Collecting feedparser==5.2.1
Downloading feedparser-5.2.1.tar.bz2 (192 kB)
Collecting Flask==0.12.2
Downloading Flask-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83 kB)
Collecting Flask-Bootstrap==3.3.7.1
Downloading Flask-Bootstrap-3.3.7.1.tar.gz (456 kB)
Collecting Flask-Login==0.4.1
Downloading Flask-Login-0.4.1.tar.gz (14 kB)
Collecting Flask-Mail==0.9.1
Downloading Flask-Mail-0.9.1.tar.gz (45 kB)
Collecting Flask-Migrate==2.1.1
Downloading Flask_Migrate-2.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting Flask-PyMongo==0.5.1
Downloading Flask_PyMongo-0.5.1-py3-none-any.whl (10.0 kB)
Collecting Flask-Script==2.0.6
Downloading Flask-Script-2.0.6.tar.gz (43 kB)
Collecting Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.3.2
Downloading Flask_SQLAlchemy-2.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting Flask-WTF==0.14.2
Downloading Flask_WTF-0.14.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (14 kB)
Collecting gunicorn==19.7.1
Downloading gunicorn-19.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (111 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous==0.24
Downloading itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46 kB)
Collecting Jinja2==2.10
Downloading Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
Collecting Mako==1.0.7
Downloading Mako-1.0.7.tar.gz (564 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe==1.0
Downloading MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz (14 kB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uzscpaqz/MarkupSafe/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-uzscpaqz/MarkupSafe/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-jupo_kuh
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-uzscpaqz/MarkupSafe/
Complete output (5 lines):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-install-uzscpaqz/MarkupSafe/setup.py", line 6, in <module>
from setuptools import setup, Extension, Feature
ImportError: cannot import name 'Feature'
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
! Push failed

Try upgrading MarkupSafe to the latest release:
$ pip install --upgrade MarkupSafe