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Python web scraping: websites from google search result

A newbie to Python here. I want to extract info from multiple websites (e.g. 100+) from a google search page. I just want to extract the key info, e.g. those with <h1>, <h2> or <b> or <li> HTML tags etc. But I don't want to extract the entire paragraph <p>.
I know how to gather a list of website URLs from that google search; and I know how to web scrape individual website after looking at the page's HTML. I use the Request and BeautifulSoup for these tasks.
However, I want to know how can I extract key info from all these (100+ !) websites without having to look at their html one by one. Is there a way to automatically find out the HTML tags the website used to emphasize key messages? e.g. some websites may use <h1>, while some may use <b> , or something else...
All I can think of is to come up with a list of possible "emphasis-typed" HTML tags and then just use BeautifulSoup.find_all() to do a wide-scale extraction. But surely there must be an easier way?

It would seem that you must first learn how to do loops and function first. Every website is completely different and scraping a website alone to extract useful information is daunting. I'm a newb myself, but if I have to extract info from headers like you, this is what I would do: (this is just concept code, but hope you'll find it useful)
def getLinks(articleUrl):
html = urlopen('http://en.web.com{}'.format(articleUrl))
bs = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
return bs.find('h1', {'class':'header'}).find_all('h1',
header=re.compile('^(/web/)((?!:).)*$'))

Scrapy: extract text from span without class or id

I have the following html structure:
I would like to extract the text ("“Business-Thinking”-Fokus im Master-Kurs") from the span highlighted (using Scrapy), however I have trouble reaching to it as it does not contain any specific class or id.
I tried to access it with the following absolute xPath:
sel.xpath('/html/body/div[4]/div[1]/div/div/h1/span/text()').extract()
I don't get any error, however it returns a blank file, meaning the text is not extracted.
Note: The parent classes are not unique, that's why I'm not using a relative path. As the text varies, I also cannot reach the span by looking for the text it contains.
Do you have any suggestion on how I should modify my xPath to extract the text? Thanks!

If you load the page using scrapy shell url it loads without javascript.
When you look at source without javascript, the xpath to the span is /html/body/div/div[1]/div/div/h1/span
To load webpages with javascript in Scrapy use Splash.

Are there any selenium locators present which can scrape any content of a webpage?

Currently i use Python with selenium for scraping purpose. There are many ways in selenium to scrape data. And I used to use css selectors.
But then I realised that,
Only tagNames are those things which always are on websites.
For example,
Not every website uses classes or Id's like, take an example of Wikipedia. They use normally just tags in it.
like <h1>, <a> without having any classes or id in it.
There comes the limitation for scraping USING tagNames, as they scrape every element under their tags.
For example : if I want to scrape table contents which are under <p> tag, then it scrapes the table contents as well as all the descriptions which are not needed.
My question is: is it possible to scrape the required elements under the tags which do not copy every other elements under their tags?
Like if I want to scrape content from, say Amazon then it will select only product names under h1 tags, not scraping all the headings under the h1 tag which are not product names.
If you find any other method/locator to use, even except the tagName also then also you can tell me. But the condition is that it must be present on every website/ most of the websites
Any help would be appreciated 😊...

How to extract google news with specific key word using scrapy?

I am new to scrapy, trying to extract google news from the the given link bellow:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=cholera+news&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik0KLV-JfYAhWLpY8KHVpaAL0Q_AUICigB&biw=1863&bih=966
"cholera" key word was provided that shows small blocks of various news associated with cholera key world further I try this with scrapy to extract the each block that contents individual news.
fetch("https://www.google.co.in/search?q=cholera+news&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik0KLV-JfYAhWLpY8KHVpaAL0Q_AUICigB&biw=1863&bih=966")
response.css(".ts._JGs._KHs._oGs._KGs._jHs::text").extract()
where .ts._JGs._KHs._oGs._KGs._jHs::text represent the div class="ts _JGs _KHs _oGs _KGs _jHs for each block of news.
but it return None.

After struggling I find out a way to scrap desired data with very simple trick,
fetch("https://www.google.co.in/search?q=cholera+news&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik0KLV-JfYAhWLpY8KHVpaAL0Q_AUICigB&biw=1863&bih=966")
and css selector "class="g" tag can be used to extract desired block like this
response.css(".g").extract()
which return list of all the individual news blocks which can be further used on the basis of list index like this:
response.css(".g").extract()[0]
or
response.css(".g").extract()[1]

In scrapy shell uses view(response) and you will see in web browser what you fetch().
Google uses JavaScript to display data, but it can also send page which doesn't use JavaScript. But page without JavaScript usually has different tags and classes.
You can also turn off JavaScript in your browse and then open Google to see tags.
Try this:
response.css('#search td ::text').extract()

Parsing HTML with XPath, Python and Scrapy

I am writing a Scrapy program to extract the data.
This is the url, and I want to scrape 20111028013117 (code) information. I have taken XPath from FireFox add-on XPather. This is the path:
/html/body/p/table/tbody/tr/td/table[2]/tbody/tr[1]/td/table[3]/tbody/tr/td[2]/table[1]/tbody/tr/td/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table[3]/tbody/tr/td/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]
While I am trying to execute this
try:
temp_list = hxs.select("/html/body/p/table/tbody/tr/td/table[2]/tbody/tr[1]/td/table[3]/tbody/tr/td[2]/table[1]/tbody/tr/td/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table[3]/tbody/tr/td/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]").extract()
print "temp_list:" + str(temp_list)
except:
print "error"
It returns an empty list, I am struggling to find out an answer for this from the last 4 hours. I am a newbie to scrapy eventhough I handled issues very well for other projects, but it seems to be a bit difficult.

The reason of why your xpath doesn't work is becuase of tbody. You have to remove it and check if you get that result that you want.
You can read this in scrapy documentation: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/0.14/topics/firefox.html
Firefox, in particular, is known for adding <tbody> elements to
tables. Scrapy, on the other hand, does not modify the original page
HTML, so you won’t be able to extract any data if you use <tbody> in
your XPath expressions.

I see that the element you are hunting for is inside a <table>.
Firefox adds tbody tag for every table, even if it does not exists in source HTML code.
That's might be the reason, that your xpath query works in the browser, but fails in Scrapy.
As suggested, use other anchors in your xpath query.

You can extract data with more ease using more robust XPaths instead of taking the direct output from XPather.
For the data you are matching, this XPath would do a lot better:
//font[contains(text(),'Code')]/parent::td/following-sibling::td/font/text()
This will match the <font> tag containing "Code", then go to the td tag above it and select the next td -> font, which contains the code you are looking for.

Have you tried removing a few node tags at the end of the query, and re-running until you get a result? Do this several times until you get something, then add items back in cautiously until the query is rectified.
Also, check that your target page validates as XHTML - an invalid page would probably upset the parser.