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Writing unit tests for Calculator GUI in Tkinter

I am learning about the Tkinter and have created a Calculator using it. But now I want to write test cases so that I can verify things. But I don't know how to write test cases in Tkinter. I have tried to write the code but it seems like there is some error in it.
My Code:
calculator.py
from ast import operator
from distutils import text_file
from tkinter import *
from matplotlib import test
from numpy import number
def gui():
root = Tk()
root.title("Simple Calculator")
root.configure(bg="#1b4f72")
return root
textField = Entry(width=25, highlightthickness=5, bg="#d6eaf8", font="Cambria 11")
textField.configure(highlightbackground = "#1b4f72", highlightcolor= "#1b4f72")
textField.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4)
root = gui()
def button_click(number):
value = textField.get()
textField.delete(0, END)
textField.insert(0, str(value)+str(number))
def buttonClear():
textField.delete(0, END)
def add():
global first
global operators
operators = "+"
first = textField.get()
textField.delete(0, END)
def subtract():
global first
global operators
operators = "-"
first = textField.get()
textField.delete(0, END)
def divide():
global first
global operators
operators = "/"
first = textField.get()
textField.delete(0, END)
def multiply():
global first
global operators
operators = "*"
first = textField.get()
textField.delete(0, END)
def equal():
second = textField.get()
textField.delete(0, END)
try:
if operators=="+":
textField.insert(0, int(first)+int(second))
elif operators=="-":
textField.insert(0, int(first)-int(second))
elif operators=="*":
textField.insert(0, int(first)*int(second))
elif operators=="/":
try:
textField.insert(0, int(first)/int(second))
except ZeroDivisionError:
textField.insert(0, "Zero Division")
except ValueError:
if operators=="+":
textField.insert(0, float(first)+float(second))
elif operators=="-":
textField.insert(0, float(first)-float(second))
elif operators=="*":
textField.insert(0, float(first)*float(second))
elif operators=="/":
try:
textField.insert(0, float(first)/float(second))
except ZeroDivisionError:
textField.insert(0, "Zero Division")
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(1), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(2), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(3), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(4), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(5), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(6), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(7), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(8), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(9), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click(0), pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_dot = Button(root, text=".", bg= '#2980b9', command=lambda: button_click("."), pady=10, padx=22, font="Cambria 11")
buttonClear = Button(root, text="Clear", bg= '#2980b9', command=buttonClear, pady=10, padx=97, font="Cambria 11")
buttonAdd = Button(root, text="+", bg= '#2980b9', command=add, pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
buttonSubtract = Button(root, text="-", bg= '#2980b9', command=subtract, pady=10, padx=21, font="Cambria 11")
buttonMultiply = Button(root, text="X", bg= '#2980b9', command=multiply, pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
buttonDivide = Button(root, text="/", bg= '#2980b9', command=divide, pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
buttonEqual = Button(root, text="=", bg= '#2980b9', command=equal, pady=10, padx=20, font="Cambria 11")
button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)
button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)
button_dot.grid(row=4, column=1)
buttonEqual.grid(row=4, column=2)
buttonAdd.grid(row=1, column=3)
buttonSubtract.grid(row=2, column=3)
buttonMultiply.grid(row=3, column=3)
buttonDivide.grid(row=4,column=3)
buttonClear.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=4)
root.mainloop()
test_calculator.py
from calculator import *
def test_add():
button_click(4)
buttonAdd()
button_click(9)
buttonEqual()
assert textField.get() == 13
def test_subtract():
button_click(4)
buttonSubtract()
button_click(9)
buttonEqual()
assert textField.get() == -5
def test_multiply():
button_click(4)
buttonMultiply()
button_click(9)
buttonEqual()
assert textField.get() == 36
def test_divide():
button_click(9)
buttonDivide()
button_click(3)
buttonEqual()
assert textField.get() == 3
Any type of help will be appreciated.
Thanks

Can't get code to work with new window button - Tkinter

I'm new to Python and Tkinter and am trying to make a window, that has a button, which when pressed, opens code for a Calculator in a new window, I have the calculator code ready and it works on its own, but when I copied it and tried to get it to work with the new window, it just opens an empty window.
The open new window code was made from this tutorial: Open a new Window with a button in Python-Tkinter.
The calculator was made from FreeCodeCamp.org's tkinter course, it had a lot of code that included e.get, thinking this was the problem I changed it to newWindow.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.ttk import *
master = Tk()
master.geometry("200x200")
def openNewWindow():
global newWindow
newWindow = Toplevel(master)
newWindow.title("New Window")
newWindow = Entry(width=35, borderwidth=5)
newWindow.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)
def button_click(number):
current = newWindow.get()
newWindow.delete(0, END)
newWindow.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))
def button_clear():
newWindow.delete(0, END)
def button_add():
first_number = newWindow.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "addition"
f_num = int(first_number)
newWindow.delete(0, END)
def button_equal():
second_number = newWindow.get()
newWindow.delete(0, END)
if math == "addition":
newWindow.insert(0, f_num + int(second_number))
if math == "subtraction":
newWindow.insert(0, f_num - int(second_number))
if math == "multiplication":
newWindow.insert(0, f_num * int(second_number))
if math == "devision":
newWindow.insert(0, f_num / int(second_number))
def button_subtract():
first_number = newWindowe.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "subtraction"
f_num = int(first_number)
newWindow.delete(0, END)
def button_multiply():
first_number = newWindow.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "multiplication"
f_num = int(first_number)
newWindow.delete(0, END)
def button_devide():
first_number = newWindow.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "devision"
f_num = int(first_number)
newWindow.delete(0, END)
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))
button_add = Button(root, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=button_add)
button_equal = Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_equal)
button_clear = Button(root, text="C", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_subtract = Button(root, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_subtract)
button_multiply = Button(root, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_multiply)
button_devide = Button(root, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_devide)
# Put the buttons on the screen
#myButton = Button(root, text="What is your name?", command=myClick)
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)
button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)
button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)
button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)
button_devide.grid(row=6, column=2)
label = Label(master,
text ="Window")
label.pack(pady = 10)
btn = Button(master,
text ="Calculator",
command = openNewWindow)
btn.pack(pady = 10)
mainloop()

Watch the terminal when you're running your code. When the window stops responding, it usually means python encountered an error and it's printed in the terminal. Looks like you've still got some work to do to migrate your code over from being standalone - root is not defined anywhere. Also I removed from tkinter.ttk import * which got rid of a bunch of unknown options errors for me.

Without actually doing the whole thing (although I did and I learned something), here is a skeleton:
def openNewWindow():
# Toplevel window uses pack manager, not grid manager
newWindow = Toplevel(master)
newWindow.title(...)
# Create a frame as the only object in Toplevel.
# The frame will contain the other objects and use the grid manager.
frame = Frame(newWindow)
frame.pack()
# Create items in the frame and grid them
entry = Entry(frame, width=35)
entry.grid(row=0, ...)
button_1 = Button(frame, text="1", command=...)
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=4, pady=2)
button_2 = Button(...)
button_2.grid(...)
...
For manipulating the content of the text entry box:
entry.get()
entry.delete(0, END)
entry.insert(0, str)

after making a .exe file using auto-py-to-exe it didnt run

I make a calculator. Now my desire to make a .exe file to use my python file.
so I use auto-py-to-exe and convert my script to an EXE file.
but when I run this file using mouse double click it didn't work.
My calculator code:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Calculator")
root.iconbitmap('miracle_logo_icon.ico')
e = Entry(root, width=35, borderwidth=5)
e.grid(row=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)
# e.insert(0, "Enter Your Name")
def button_click(number):
current = e.get()
e.delete(0, END)
e.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))
def button_clear():
e.delete(0, END)
def button_add():
first_number = e.get()
global f_num
global math
math="addition"
f_num = int(first_number)
e.delete(0, END)
def button_equal():
second_number = e.get()
e.delete(0, END)
if math == "addition":
e.insert(0, f_num + int(second_number))
if math == "subtraction":
e.insert(0, f_num - int(second_number))
if math == "multiplication":
e.insert(0, f_num * int(second_number))
if math == "division":
e.insert(0, f_num / int(second_number))
def button_subtract():
first_number = e.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "subtraction"
f_num = int(first_number)
e.delete(0, END)
def button_multiply():
first_number = e.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "multiplication"
f_num = int(first_number)
e.delete(0, END)
def button_divide():
first_number = e.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "division"
f_num = int(first_number)
e.delete(0, END)
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))
button_add = Button(root, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=button_add)
button_equal = Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_equal)
button_clear = Button(root, text="Clear", padx=79, pady=20, command=button_clear)
button_subtract = Button(root, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_subtract)
button_multiply = Button(root, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_multiply)
button_divide = Button(root, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_divide)
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)
button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)
button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)
button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)
button_divide.grid(row=6, column=2)
root.mainloop()
My code work when I run the script.
Folder After Converting.
When I am using one file and run it. I am getting this virus error.
I am a totally new user of auto-py-to-exe.

Open Setting/Update & Security/Windows Security
Then Go to "Virus & threat protection" then click on "Protection history".You will see here the list of threats removed by Windows Defender. Search your file name and then "Allow" the threat from here. This will add your exe to the "Allowed Threats" section and then open your exe. It will work.
If it doesn't work, turn off the "Real-Time Protection" setting from the "Virus and Threat Protection setting".
If it still doesn't work then Open Command Prompt as an Administrator. Then type these two below codes and hit enter after each code.
sfc /SCANFILE=c:\windows\explorer.exe
sfc /SCANFILE=C:\Windows\SysWow64\explorer.exe

I had the same result. Auto-py-to-exe is clearly a hack. It was written Trojans on windows defender. JUST DON'T USE IT

NOT using pack still getting error: cannot use geometry manager grid inside . which already has slaves managed by pack

So I know we don't mix .pack and .grid and in my simple code I haven't packed but am using .grid but still getting error.
On the bottom, I have attached the error image that I am getting along with the code
Code:
`from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Calculator")
# root.geometry('600x500')
def add():
print("works")
input_num1 = Entry(root)
input_num1.pack()
button_0 = Button(root, text="0", command=add)
button_1 = Button(root, text="1", command=add)
button_2 = Button(root, text="2", command=add)
button_3 = Button(root, text="3", command=add)
button_4 = Button(root, text="4", command=add)
button_5 = Button(root, text="5", command=add)
button_6 = Button(root, text="6", command=add)
button_7 = Button(root, text="7", command=add)
button_8 = Button(root, text="8", command=add)
button_9 = Button(root, text="9", command=add)
button_add = Button(root, text="+", command=add)
button_minus = Button(root, text="-", command=add)
button_div = Button(root, text="/", command=add)
button_multi = Button(root, text="X", command=add)
button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)
button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)
button_add.grid(row=1, column=3)
button_minus.grid(row=1, column=4)
button_div.grid(row=2, column=3)
button_multi.grid(row=2, column=4)
root.mainloop()
`
Error:
enter image description here

As it has already been noted, you are indeed using pack().
Try commenting out the offending line (or remove it completely) and setting input_num1 to occupy row 4, column 5 in the grid, like this:
input_num1 = Entry(root)
#input_num1.pack() <----------------
input_num1.grid(row=4, column=5) <----------------

TypeError: clickButton() missing 1 required positional argument: 'number'

I'm making a calculator in Python using Tkinter, and I'm getting an error:
TypeError: clickButton() missing 1 required positional argument: 'number'
Here's the code I've written:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Calculator")
ent = Entry(root, width=35, borderwidth=5)
ent.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)
def clickButton(number):
current = ent.get()
ent.delete(0, END)
ent.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))
def clearButton():
ent.delete(0, END)
def button_add():
first_number = ent.get()
global f_num
global math
math = "addition"
f_num = int(first_number)
ent.delete(0, END)
def equalButton():
secondNum = ent.get()
ent.delete(0,END)
ent.insert(0, f_num + int(secondNum))
# this defines the buttons
button1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(1)) # the first button of the calculator
button2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(2)) # the second button of the calculator
button3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(3)) # the third button of the calculator
button4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(4)) # the fourth button of the calculator
button5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(5)) # the fifth button of the calculator
button6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(6)) # the sixth button of the calculator
button7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(7)) # the seventh button of the calculator
button8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(8)) # the eighth button of the calculator
button9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(9)) # the ninth button of the calculator
button0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: clickButton(0)) # the tenth button of the calculator
button_addition = Button(root, text="+", padx=40, pady=20, command=clickButton) # addition button
button_equalSign = Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=equalButton) # button for the equal sign
button_clr = Button(root, text="C", padx=91, pady=20, command=lambda: clearButton()) #button for clearing whatever is written
# this puts the buttons on the screen
#row 3
button1.grid(row=3, column=0)
button2.grid(row=3, column=1)
button3.grid(row=3, column=2)
# row 2
button4.grid(row=2, column=0)
button5.grid(row=2, column=1)
button6.grid(row=2, column=2)
# row 1
button7.grid(row=1, column=0)
button8.grid(row=1, column=1)
button9.grid(row=1, column=2)
# sign buttons
button0.grid(row=4, column=0)
button_clr.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)
button_addition.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_equalSign.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)
root.mainloop()
I've been trying to fix this error for many hours.
P.S. I don't actually know which line the error is on, because it's saying that the error is on line 1705, even though the code is only 101 lines

In this line:
button_addition = Button(root, text="+", padx=40, pady=20, command=clickButton) # addition button
You are calling clickButton with no arguments, and in your function, you are requiring a number. You should use lambda, as you did with the other numbers (lines above), or call another function. By the look of your code, it should be button_add.

I fixed it this way:
myButtonSum = Button(root, text="+", padx=10, pady=5, command=lambda: buttonAdd("+"))