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How do I loop this function so that it keeps asking for the option rather than exiting the entire program every time I complete an option's task?

To give you some background info, I basically have to create 2 classes called ItemToPurchase that contains an item's name, quantity, description, and price. The other class ShoppingCart adds the item's name into a list with some other functions that modify the list. The part where I am facing some issues is at the part of execute_menu(). Let's say I enter the option 'a', after I give all the details of the item, the entire program ends. I do not want that. I want the program to ask me for the next option and keep asking me the next option after I complete a specific letter's required details.
class ItemToPurchase:
def __init__(self):
self.name = 'none'
self.quantity = 0
self.price = 0
self.description = 'none'
def item_name(self, name):
self.name = name
def item_price(self, price):
self.price = price
def item_quantity(self, quantity):
self.quantity = quantity
def item_description(self, description):
self.description = description
def print_item_cost(self):
print(self.name + " " + str(self.quantity) + " # $" + str(self.price) + " = $" + str(int(self.quantity) * int(self.price)))
def print_item_description(self):
print(self.name + ": " + self.description)
class ShoppingCart:
def __init__(self, name='none', date='January 1, 2016'):
self.customer_name = name
self.current_date = date
self.cart_items = []
def add_item(self, New_cart):
self.cart_items.append(New_cart)
def remove_item(self, item_name):
count = 0
items = self.cart_items[:]
for i in range(len(items)):
item = items[i]
if item.name == item_name:
del self.cart_items[i]
count += 1
if count == 0:
print()
print('Item not found in cart. Nothing removed')
def modify_item(self, ItemToPurchase, Item_Name):
num = 0
items = self.cart_items[:]
for i in range(len(items)):
item = items[i]
if Item_Name in [x.name for x in items]:
num += 1
if ItemToPurchase.description != "none":
item.item_description(ItemToPurchase.description)
if ItemToPurchase.price != 0:
item.item_price(ItemToPurchase.price)
if ItemToPurchase.quantity != 0:
item.item_quantity(ItemToPurchase.quantity)
if num == 0:
print()
print('Item not found in cart. Nothing modified.')
print()
def get_num_items_in_cart(self):
total_number = 0
items = self.cart_items[:]
for i in range(len(items)):
item = items[i]
total_number += item.quantity
return total_number
def get_cost_of_cart(self):
total_cost = 0
items = self.cart_items[:]
for i in range(len(items)):
item = items[i]
total_cost += int(item.quantity*item.price)
return total_cost
def print_total(self):
print(self.customer_name + "'s Shopping Cart - " + str(self.current_date))
count = len(self.cart_items) + 1
if len(self.cart_items) > 0:
print('Number of items:' + str(count))
print()
for i in self.cart_items:
i.print_item_cost()
total = self.get_cost_of_cart()
print()
print('Total:', str(total))
else:
print('SHOPPING CART IS EMPTY')
def print_descriptions(self):
if len(self.cart_items) > 0:
print(self.customer_name + "'s Shopping Cart - " + str(self.current_date))
print()
print('Item Descriptions')
for j in self.cart_items:
j.print_item_description()
else:
print('SHOPPING CART IS EMPTY')
def print_menu(cart):
print('MENU')
print('a - Add item to cart')
print('r - Remove item from cart')
print('c - Change item quantity')
print("i - Output items' descriptions")
print('o - Output shopping cart')
print('q - Quit')
**def execute_menu(option, Cart):
while option != 'q':
if option == 'o':
print('OUTPUT SHOPPING CART')
Cart.print_total()
break
elif option == 'i':
print("OUTPUT ITEMS' DESCRIPTIONS")
Cart.print_descriptions()
break
elif option == 'a':
print('ADD ITEM TO CART')
print('Enter the item name:')
itemName = input()
print('Enter the item description:')
itemDescrip = input()
print('Enter the item price:')
itemPrice = int(input())
print('Enter the item quantity:')
itemQuan = int(input())
New_cart = ItemToPurchase()
New_cart.name = itemName
New_cart.quantity = itemQuan
New_cart.price = itemPrice
New_cart.description = itemDescrip
Cart.add_item(New_cart)
break
elif option == 'r':
print('REMOVE ITEM FROM CART')
print('Enter name of item to remove:')
ItemName = input()
Cart.remove_item(ItemName)
break
elif option == 'c':
print('CHANGE ITEM QUANTITY:')
print('Enter the item name:')
Item_Name = input()
print('Enter the new quantity:')
Item_Quantity = int(input())
item_s = ItemToPurchase()
item_s.item_quantity(Item_Quantity)
Cart.modify_item(item_s, Item_Name)
break**
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Enter customer's name:")
customer = input()
print("Enter today's date:")
date = input()
print()
print('Customer name:', customer)
print("Today's date:", date)
Cart = ShoppingCart(customer, date)
option = ''
print()
print_menu(Cart)
print()
print('Choose an option:')
option = input().lower().strip()
execute_menu(option, Cart)
The reason why I am adding the break is cause the program keeps printing the end print item infinit amount of times if I do not add the break.
Any help is appreciated. thank you and have a great day ahead!

Search within a dictionary with a lot of values in python

In the following code I'm showing a function that lets you add students to a dictionary (book) with rut being the key, the issue I have is that I'm trying to make a function that can search by department and then print all students of that are part of that department, basically I'm asking how do you search a dictionary with 1 key that is associated to a lot of values and you want to search for a particular value and then print all keys that have it along with their info?
book = {}
def add(rut, name, age, department):
student = {}
student['rut'] = rut
student['name'] = name
student['age'] = age
student['department'] = department
book[rut] = student
def printall():
for rut in book:
student = book[rut]
print(student['rut'], student['name'], student['age'], student['department'])
def main():
count = 0
x = 0
y = int(input("How many students will you add?: "))
while count < y:
print('Input data of the student: ', count+1)
rut = input("rut: ")
name = input("name: ")
age = int(input("age: "))
print("Department 1: RH, 2: Logistic, 3: Cleaners, 4: TI ")
department = ''
while x == 0:
num_dept = int(input("department number: "))
if num_dept == 1:
department = "RH"
x = 1
elif num_dept == 2:
department = "Logistic"
x = 1
elif num_dept == 3:
department = "Mathematics"
x = 1
elif num_dept == 4:
department = "TI"
x = 1
else:
print('Error')
x = 0
add(rut, name, age, department)
count = count + 1
printall()
main()

You can use a list comprehension.
students = [student for student in book.values()
if student["department"] == desired_department]
This will give you a list, which you can then print out if you so choose.

"Can't assign to function call" Python error

import sys
import os.path
class Juvenile(object):
def createJuv(self, pop, rate):
self.pop = pop
self.rate = rate
def displayJuvpop(self):
return self.pop
def displayjuvRate(self):
return self.rate
class Adult(object):
def createAd(self, pop, rate, brate):
self.pop = pop
self.rate = rate
self.brate = brate
def displayAdpop(self):
return self.pop
def displayAdRate(self):
return self.rate
def displayBirthrate(self):
return self.brate
class Senile(object):
def createSe(self, pop, rate):
self.pop = pop
self.rate = rate
def displaySepop(self):
return self.pop
def displaySerate(self):
return self.rate
a = Juvenile()
b = Adult()
c = Senile()
`enter code here`pop_model = raw_input("Enter the number of generations: ")
`enter code here`pop_model = int(pop_model)
newjuv = 0
newsen = 0
newadu = 0
def menu():
This = True
while This == True:
print("1) Enter Generation 0 values")
print("2) Display Generation 0 values")
print("3) Run the model")
print("4) Export data")
print("5) Quit")
decision = raw_input("")
if decision == "1":
Gen0values()
elif decision == "2":
display()
elif decision == "3":
run()
elif decision == "4":
export()
elif decision == "5":
sys.exit()
def run():
print("Juvenile" + " " + "Adult" + " " + "Senile")
for i in range(0, pop_model):
newjuv = b.displayAdpop()* b.displayBirthrate()
newsen = b.displayAdpop() * b.displayAdRate()
newadu = a.displayJuvpop() * a.displayjuvRate()
print(i + 1,newjuv, newadu,newsen)
a.displayJuvpop() = newjuv
b.displayAdpop() = newsen
c.displaySepop() = newadu
def Gen0values():
a.createJuv(float(raw_input("Enter the juvenile population: ")), float(raw_input("Enter the Juvenile survival rate: ")))
b.createAd(float(raw_input("Enter the Adult population: ")), float(raw_input("Enter the Adult survival rate: ")), float(raw_input("Enter the birth rate: ")))
c.createSe(float(raw_input("Enter the Senile population: ")), float(raw_input("Enter the Senile survival rate: ")))
menu()
The error is coming up here:
def run():
print("Juvenile" + " " + "Adult" + " " + "Senile")
for i in range(0, pop_model):
newjuv = b.displayAdpop()* b.displayBirthrate()
newsen = b.displayAdpop() * b.displayAdRate()
newadu = a.displayJuvpop() * a.displayjuvRate()
print(i + 1,newjuv, newadu,newsen)
a.displayJuvpop() = newjuv
b.displayAdpop() = newsen
c.displaySepop() = newadu
The error comes up with "Can't assign to function call, line 60". Due to stack overflow's code to text limit, I've removed parts of the program that are irrelevant, like exporting the data and displaying the values.
Ps: This isn't an indentation error, copying and pasting somewhat disrupted it.

Your display*pop() functions return a value, not a variable. You can't assign to that function result. Just assign directly to the attributes:
a.pop = newjuv
b.pop = newsen
c.pop = newadu

AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute (function)

I'm trying to write an object-oriented program that allows me to enter and store monthly income and bills, and view all data as needed. I can successfully store an object, but when I try to use my view_all function, I get this error:
in view_all print(item.get_month())
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_month'
If you could help me track down this problem I'd be grateful!
# Create a month class
class Month:
# Use __init__ method to initialize the attributes
def __init__(self, month, income, tds, pnm, zia, water):
self.__month = month
self.__income = income
self.__tds = tds
self.__pnm = pnm
self.__zia = zia
self.__water = water
# The set methods accept arguments:
def set_month(self, month):
self.__month = month
def set_income(self, income):
self.__income = income
def set_tds(self, tds):
self.__tds = tds
def set_pnm(self, pnm):
self.__pnm = pnm
def set_zia(self, zia):
self.__zia = zia
def set_water(self, water):
self.__water = water
# The get methods return the data:
def get_month(self):
return self.__month
def get_income(self):
return self.__income
def get_tds(self):
return self.__tds
def get_pnm(self):
return self.__pnm
def get_zia(self):
return self.__zia
def get_water(self):
return self.__water
# The __str__ method return's the object's state as a string
def __str__(self):
return "Month: " + self.__month + \
"\nIncome: " + self.__income + \
"\nTDS: " + self.__tds + \
"\nPNM: " + self.__PNM + \
"\nZia: " + self.__zia + \
"\nWater: " + self.__water
And the main program:
import Month_Class
import pickle
ADD_MONTH = 1
VIEW_ALL = 2
QUIT = 3
FILENAME = 'ruidoso.dat'
def main():
months = load_months()
choice = 0
while choice != QUIT:
choice = get_menu_choice()
if choice == ADD_MONTH:
add_month(months)
elif choice == VIEW_ALL:
view_all(months)
save_months(months)
def load_months():
try:
input_file = open(FILENAME, 'rb')
months_dct = pickle.load(input_file)
input_file.close
except IOError:
month_dct = {}
return month_dct
def get_menu_choice():
print()
print('Menu')
print('------------------')
print("1. Add data for a new month")
print("2. View data for all months")
print('Any other number saves and quits the program!')
print()
choice = int(input('Enter your choice: '))
while choice < ADD_MONTH or choice > QUIT:
choice = int(input('Enter a valid choice: '))
return choice
def add_month(months):
month = input('Enter the name of the month: ')
income = input('Total income for this month: ')
tds = input('TDS Broadband bill total: ')
pnm = input('PNM bill total: ')
zia = input('Zia Natural Gas bill total: ')
water = input('City of Ruidoso bill total: ')
entry = Month_Class.Month(month, income, tds, pnm, zia, water)
if month not in months:
months[month] = entry
print('The entry has been added')
else:
print('That month already exists!')
def save_months(months):
output_file = open(FILENAME, 'wb')
pickle.dump(months, output_file)
output_file.close()
def view_all(months):
for item in months:
print(item.get_month())
print(item.get_income())
print(item.get_tds())
print(item.get_pnm())
print(item.get_zia())
print(item.get_water())
main()

You need to iterate over the dictionary differently
for month, item in months.items():
print(item.get_month())
...

In the view_all method, you must to iterate over dictionary:
for key, item in months.iteritems():
print(item.get_month())
and you got other error in __str__ method of Month class:
"\nPNM: " + self.__PNM + \
the correct is:
"\nPNM: " + self.__pnm + \

Trouble understanding with getting a unique instantiation in Python

I have an employee class which has an init method that reads an employees record in from a file. I also have an employees class which has an init_ method that attempts to read in all of the employee records.
I am having trouble with init for the employees class. Here is my code:
class EmployeeList():
records=[]
def __init__(self):
with open(database) as fp:
emp=employee(fp)
while (emp.id > 0):
print(emp)
self.records.append(emp)
emp=employee(fp)
The print(emp) is there for error checking, it shows that the records are being read in properly. When the EOF is reached, the init method for the employee sets the id to 0 and the name of the employee to "". I have two problems:
After the loop, all of the employees in employees.records are the same - id 0 and blanks for names. I am assuming that that emp is not creating a new instance each time it is called, and so all of the employees are being set to that one instance of emp, the very last one from when EOF is reached.
I doubt my code is "Pythonesque"; suggestions for improvement are welcome.
P.S. database is globally defined to the file name.
The entire code is here, sorry about the length:
class employee:
count = 0
def __init__(self,f=None):
if (f==None): # a user is inputting the employee
self.lastname = input("Employees last name:")
while type(self.lastname)!=type("1"):
print("Your input needs to be a name\n")
self.lastname = input("Employees last name:")
self.firstname = input("Employees first name:")
while type(self.firstname)!=type("1"):
print("Your input needs to be a name\n")
self.firstname = input("Employees first name:")
self.payrate = float(input("Employees pay rate:"))
while type(self.payrate)!=type(0.0):
print("Your input needs to be a pay rate\n")
self.payrate = float(input("Employees pay rate:"))
employee.count = employee.count + 1
self.id = employee.count
else: # the employee is being read in from the database and f is a file pointer
# read in an employee record and return false for end of file.
checkEOF = f.readline().rstrip('\r\n') #check for end of file
if (checkEOF != ""):
employee.id = int(checkEOF)
employee.firstname = f.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
employee.lastname = f.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
employee.payrate = float(f.readline().rstrip('\r\n'))
else:
employee.id = 0
employee.firstname = " "
employee.lastname = " "
employee.payrate = 0.0
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.id)
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
return self.id == other.id
return NotImplemented
def __str__(self):
return "Employee " + str(self.id) + " is "+self.firstname + " "+self.lastname+" and their pay rate is "+str(self.payrate)+"\n"
def __lt__(self, other):
if (self.lastname < other.lastname):
return True
elif (self.lastname > other.lastname):
return False
else: #same last names
if (self.firstname < other.firstname):
return True
elif (self.firstname > other.firstname):
return False
else: #same names
if (self.id < other.id):
return True
else: # note that ids cannot be the same
return False
def __gt__(self, other):
if (self.lastname > other.lastname):
return True
elif (self.lastname < other.lastname):
return False
else: # Same last names
if (self.firstname > other.firstname):
return True
elif (self.firstname > other.firstname):
return False
else: # Same names
if (self.id > other.id):
return True
else: # note that ids cannot be the same
return False
def payraise(self,payraise):
self.payrate = self.payrate+payraise
def saveemployee(self,fp):
fp.write(str(self.id)+"\n")
fp.write(self.firstname+"\n")
fp.write(self.lastname+"\n")
fp.write(str(self.payrate)+"\n")
class EmployeeList():
records=[]
def __init__(self):
with open(database) as fp:
emp=employee(fp)
while (emp.id > 0):
print(emp)
self.records.append(emp)
emp=employee(fp)
def __str__(self):
employeesprint = ""
for emp in self.records:
employeesprint = employeesprint + str(emp)
return employeesprint
def save(self):
self.records.sort()
with open(database,"w+") as fp:
fp.seek(0)
for emp in self.records:
emp.saveemployee(fp)
def menu():
print("\n")
print(choices[0]+". Add another employee")
print(choices[1]+". Print employees")
print(choices[len(choices)-1]+". Quit")
print("\n")
employees = EmployeeList()
choices = ["A","B","C"]
ch = "N"
while (ch != choices[len(choices)-1]):
menu()
ch=input("Make your choice ")
while not (ch in choices):
menu()
ch=input("Make your choice ")
if (ch == choices[0]):
employees.records.append(employee())
employees.save()
if (ch == choices[1]):
print(employees)
Sample output: You can see the two employees correctly being printed as they are read in:
Employee 1 is jane bob and their pay rate is 1.0
Employee 2 is jim bob and their pay rate is 3.4
A. Add another employee
B. Print employees
C. Quit
Make your choice B
Employee 0 is and their pay rate is 0.0
Employee 0 is and their pay rate is 0.0

your code:
if (checkEOF != ""):
employee.id = int(checkEOF)
employee.firstname = f.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
employee.lastname = f.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
employee.payrate = float(f.readline().rstrip('\r\n'))
else:
employee.id = 0
employee.firstname = " "
employee.lastname = " "
employee.payrate = 0.0
change 'employee' to 'self', 'employee' is the name of the class.