I don't do a lot of work in GUI's, but I've decided to move from occasionally using PyQt4 to PyQt5. My IDE is giving me warnings about some of the __init__ functions, particularly QWidget and QMainWindow.
If you look at the IntelliSense'd parameters, you'll see that the parentparameter has a default and the flags does not. The IDE tells me that flags is unfilled, but when I don't provide it, nothing happens. Why is this happening?
I'm using Python 3.5.
The correct signature is this:
QMainWindow(parent: QWidget = None,
flags: Union[Qt.WindowFlags, Qt.WindowType] = Qt.WindowFlags())
So it looks like the IntelliSense in your IDE either does not know how to parse type-hints properly, or the PyQt stub files need to be installed. There are only two arguments: parent and flags, both of which have defaults.
(NB: you should never use self.__class__ with super as it can lead to an infinite recursion under certain circumstances. Always pass in the subclass as the first argument - unless you're using Python 3, in which case you can omit all the arguments).
Installing pyQt5-stubs will fix this error.
Related
I'm currently in the process of porting a large application from Py2/PySide 1.2.4 to Py3/PySide2 5.13.0 and I'm discovering a DeprecationWarning related to the use of QPixmapCache.find(key, pixmap).
c:\path\to\module.py:220: DeprecationWarning: QPixmapCache.find(const QString & key, QPixmap & pixmap) is deprecated
if (QPixmapCache.find("image_key", pixmap) is False):
I would like to fix this deprecation warning, but the documentation isn't very helpful as it:
Actually at one place explicitly recommends the use of the deprecated function. (PySide2.QtGui.QPixmapCache.find(key))
Has two entries for static PySide2.QtGui.QPixmapCache.find(key, pixmap)
One is listed as deprecated.
The other is not.
Seems to have no advice on what the modern usage would be. (Or I didn't find it).
So, what is the recommended fix for the deprecated usage of PySide2.QtGui.QPixmapCache.find(key, pixmap)?
As #ekhumoro points out it looks like a bug, but the following method currently works using the QPixmapCache::Key:
from PySide2 import QtGui
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtGui.QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
filename = "test.png"
key = QtGui.QPixmapCache.Key()
pm = QtGui.QPixmap()
for i in range(100):
pix = QtGui.QPixmapCache.find(key)
if pix is None:
pm.load(filename)
key = QtGui.QPixmapCache.insert(pm)
print("load from filename")
else:
pm = pix
Output:
load from filename
The recommended fix is to avoid passing a pixmap as the second argument to find, since it is not really needed (see below). So your code should simply change to:
pixmap = QPixmapCache.find("image_key")
if pixmap is None:
...
The inclusion of the methods which take a second argument seems to be a bug (or misfeature) in PySide2. It probably should have only ever implemented these two overloads:
find(str) -> QPixmap
find(QPixmapCache.Key) -> QPixmap
The other methods are more specific to C++, where they are currently defined like this:
find(const QString &key, QPixmap *pixmap) -> bool
find(const QPixmapCache::Key &key, QPixmap *pixmap) -> bool
The second argument here is a pointer which Qt will set to the found pixmap. It has to be done this way in C++, because there is no way to return a tuple of (bool, QPixmap), as might have been done in Python. And by the same token, it makes little sense to implement such methods in PySide, because there are no pointers in Python. (I would guess that the deprecated method uses something like QPixmap.swap on the passed in argument to get similar behaviour).
The confusion in the current API/documentation should be reported on the PySide bug tracker. As a point of reference, PyQt5 only implements the first two methods shown above, which seems the most pythonic way of doing things. It's hard to see a good reason why any other overloads should be included (other than for backwards compatibility).
So actually the one-argument version PySide2.QtGui.QPixmapCache.find(key) also raises a DeprecationWarning. In the end it had to be fixed with in the way #eyllanesc proposed, which was slightly inconvenient in my case, as I generated the keys beforehand from hashed data. Upvoted both answers and accepted the one from #eyllanesc. Thanks!
I want to select 5 images with Python so that I can use these imges in my python program. I tried to do this with QFileDialog() (PyQt5) but I only succeed to single select a file.
And how to select a folder is also not really comprehensive.
I just want to select 5 images and select a folder so that I can save files in that folder. But it seems to be not so easy to do that.
I really like Python because its so easy but PyQt5 makes me everytime I use it just aggressive, all other libraries are just nice and easy to understand.
Maybe there is a good alternative to pyqt? tkinter maybe?
thanks.
In order to select a folder you can use this code:
widget = QWidget()
dialog = QFileDialog(
widget, "Select Directory of the Desired Files", os.path.curdir
)
dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog.DirectoryOnly)
Qt supplies a bunch of static methods to get standardized file dialogs, two of them already satisfy your needs: getOpenFileNames() (stress on the final "s") and getExistingDirectory().
The first will return a list of absolute paths of selected file[s], the last will return the selected directory.
I know that reading the official documentation might be a bit overwhelming if you don't know anything about C++ (they are explained in detail, though), but they're not as hard as one could think.
Every function is listed in a very simple way:
returned_type : function_name(arguments) [const -> you can usually ignore this]
The returned_type is the type of the value the function is expected to return. In "c++ slang", void is the same as return (or return None or no return at all, as Python implicitly returns None if no other value/object is returned at the end of a function), if the type is a QString it's automatically converted to a Python str, while qreal is the same as Python's floats,. This is very important for "private" functions (methods), which are internally used by Qt: if you are subclassing and want to override a private method of a Qt class, you have to return the type Qt expects. You could theoretically ignore the returned_type for public functions if you know what you're doing, but it's usually better to stick with the original type.
There are some small "exceptions" that require some consideration. In some cases Qt expects some argument that will be modified within the function and would normally return whether the function was successful or not, while in Python it might return the reference to the argument (sorry, I can't remember them right now). Some other functions return a tuple instead of a single value, and that's the case of some static QFileDialog functions such as getOpenFileName[s] which return both the selected file[s] and the selected filter.
For example:
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.render('data.html', items = [])
It yields the following Pylint error:
warning (W0223, abstract-method, MainHandler) Method 'data_received' is abstract in class 'RequestHandler' but is not overridden
I understand that somehow it wants me to override this data_received method, but I do not understand why, and what it is for?
This is actually a problem with Pylint that's sort of unavoidable with the nature of Python.
The RequestHandler class has a lot of methods that act as hooks you can override in order to do different things, but only some of those hooks may actually be called, depending on your application's code. To make sure you're implementing everything you're supposed to when you're using certain functionality, the default data_received implementation throws a NotImplementedError that will get triggered when you do something that expects your class to have a custom implementation.
Normally this isn't any kind of issue because Python lets you have code paths that fail and doesn't throw any errors. Because Pylint tries to "help" make sure you've done everything you're supposed to, it's seeing that NotImplementedError throw and is warning you that you could trigger it depending on what you do.
The real problem is that because Python is an interpreted language, it's hard for a tool like Pylint to look at your code and make sure it's "safe". Python gives you a lot of flexibility and power, but in turn you bear the burden of keeping your program's logic straight in your head and knowing what possible problems are actually problems, and what aren't.
Luckily, Pylint is aware of its own limitations and gives you nice tools to disable extraneous warnings. Add the comment line
# pylint: disable=W0223
right before your class definition and the warning should stop popping up for this instance while leaving everything else alone.
I am running into the same issue as the OP, except my PyCharm (2018.3.4) seems not to be using Pylint, but its own inspection engine. I managed to solve a similar issue with the similar trick as R Phillip Castagna suggested:
# noinspection PyAbstractClass
class XyzRequestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def prepare(self):
print('-' * 100)
self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
def print_n_respond(self, result):
response = json.dumps(result)
print('responding with:\n', response)
print()
self.write(response)
Here is a list of PyCharm's inspections.
When I'm using a 3rd party l
ibrary such as boto, PyCharm seems to be able to auto-complete quite nicely
However, as soon as I define a function of my own, auto-complete breaks down inside that function. I understand why, since I can't give the function any type information about its arguments, so it can't guess how to auto-complete. Is there a way around this issue?
Edit
I tried using the docstring (for Python 2), but still no auto-complete
def delete_oldest_backups(conn, backups_to_keep, backup_description):
"""
delete_oldest_backups(EC2Connection, int, string)
"""
(Also tried boto.ec2.connection.EC2Connection instead of just EC2Connection)
You can use type hints: http://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/webhelp/type-hinting-in-pycharm.html
def some_method(self, conn):
"""
#type conn: EC2Connection
"""
conn.<autocomplete>
You can specify the type information about the parameters of the function using Python 3 parameter and return value annotations. If you're using Python 2, you can also specify information in the function's docstring. PyCharm understands the format used by docstrings of binary modules in the standard library, for example:
"""
foo(int, string) -> list
Returns the list of something
"""
In order for PyCharm to recognize an instance of an object and retrieve all its methods, we have to use the following statements. But I think that both is a terrible way of wasting programming and run time.
assert isinstance(instanceX, ClassOfInstanceX)
instanceX.{#list of method/properties appears}
Alternatively, you can also use the class name will recall the method or property everytime you want to invoke it and pass in the instance to the self parameter. But this is too verbose, for my liking, esp for nested class
ClassOfInstanceX.{#list of method/properties appears}
# then you will have...
ClassOfInstance.method(instanceX, args...)
You can install the library via pyCharm "package manager".
Go to Settings -> Project Interpreter -> Python Interpreters
And in the Packages list, click on install and search for the library you want to install
Once installed, auto-complete will be available on editor.
Hope this is what you are looking for.
Pylint looks like a good tool for running analysis of Python code.
However, our main objective is to catch any potential bugs and not coding conventions. Enabling all Pylint checks seems to generate a lot of noise. What is the set of Pylint features you use and is effective?
You can block any warnings/errors you don't like, via:
pylint --disable=error1,error2
I've blocked the following (description from http://www.logilab.org/card/pylintfeatures):
W0511: Used when a warning note as FIXME or XXX is detected
W0142: Used * or * magic*. Used when a function or method is called using *args or **kwargs to dispatch arguments. This doesn't improve readability and should be used with care.
W0141: Used builtin function %r. Used when a black listed builtin function is used (see the bad-function option). Usual black listed functions are the ones like map, or filter, where Python offers now some cleaner alternative like list comprehension.
R0912: Too many branches (%s/%s). Used when a function or method has too many branches, making it hard to follow.
R0913: Too many arguments (%s/%s). Used when a function or method takes too many arguments.
R0914: Too many local variables (%s/%s). Used when a function or method has too many local variables.
R0903: Too few public methods (%s/%s). Used when class has too few public methods, so be sure it's really worth it.
W0212: Access to a protected member %s of a client class. Used when a protected member (i.e. class member with a name beginning with an underscore) is access outside the class or a descendant of the class where it's defined.
W0312: Found indentation with %ss instead of %ss. Used when there are some mixed tabs and spaces in a module.
C0111: Missing docstring. Used when a module, function, class or method has no docstring. Some special methods like __init__ don't necessarily require a docstring.
C0103: Invalid name "%s" (should match %s). Used when the name doesn't match the regular expression associated to its type (constant, variable, class...).
To persistently disable warnings and conventions:
Create a ~/.pylintrc file by running pylint --generate-rcfile > ~/.pylintrc
Edit ~/.pylintrc
Uncomment disable= and change that line to disable=W,C
Pyflakes should serve your purpose well.
-E will only flag what Pylint thinks is an error (i.e., no warnings, no conventions, etc.)
Using grep like:
pylint my_file.py | grep -v "^C"
Edit :
As mentionned in the question, to remove the conventions advices from pylint output, you remove the lines that start with an uppercase C.
From the doc of pylint, the output consists in lines that fit the format
MESSAGE_TYPE: LINE_NUM:[OBJECT:] MESSAGE
and the message type can be:
[R]efactor for a “good practice” metric violation
[C]onvention for coding standard violation
[W]arning for stylistic problems, or minor programming issues
[E]rror for important programming issues (i.e. most probably bug)
[F]atal for errors which prevented further processing
Only the first letter is displayed, so you can play with grep to select/remove the level of message type you want.
I didn't use Pylint recently, but I would probably use a parameter inside Pylint to do so.