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Why do I have to use "py" to execute python commands instead of "python"?

I am a newbie in Python and had a problem with installing Python packages on my windows computer.
I installed Python itself and then had to install the packages "Numpy" and "Matplotlib" as well. My teacher told us to do it with the commands:
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install numpy
pip install matplotlib
I managed to install Python but when I run the first command to install pip I got the error message telling me that Python is not found. I found the command py -m pip --version here and it worked. After running it pip got installed and I got the message "pip 22.3 from C:\Users\Kaja\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.10)". I guessed this message means that its working.
I had a similar problem with the commands to install Numpy and Matplotlib. It only worked with this commands
py -m pip install numpy
py -m pip install matplotlib
I searched the internet and found this question telling me to run the command doskey py=python and it did not work. But when I swapped py and python so that the command was doskey python=py I eventually could run my teachers commands.
I checked the windows documentation and they are using the same commands as my teacher. I am very curious to know why I had this problem because on my fellow students computers it worked without the doskey command.
Edit:
Thank you very much #RustyPython.
I checked my environment variables and the path to the python.exe was already there.
Out of curiousity I deleted the python.exe from the path variable and although I did that the commands still worked! Another thing I tried was to remove the doskey macro like discribed in this article but still the commands still run without any errors.
I think its something else.

When you install python on windows it usually comes with the python launcher. This provides a way to easily access all the python versions installed on your computer.
The python launcher uses the py command which access the default python version.
py -0p will show you all the installed versions.
See https://www.infoworld.com/article/3617292/how-to-use-pythons-py-launcher-for-windows.html for more details.
For the python command to work then the relevant directory containing python.exe needs to be added to your user PATH variable.
As has been said looks the the python directory is not on your PATH, but the python launcher is and finds the installed python.exe.
If you want python to work on command line then you'll need to add it to your PATH variable. https://realpython.com/add-python-to-path/#how-to-add-python-to-path-on-windows

Using VSCode on Mac, can't get Python 3.8 to run, only Python 2.7.16

I just downloaded VSCode on my Mac as well as Python and pip. I downloaded the latest version of Python via VS Microsoft extensions and installed pip using Python -m ensurepip --upgrade. I have python 2.7.16 on my Mac as well, I believe from my OS (it's not something I downloaded). I am trying to use pip and Python in VSCode. I have my interpreter in my virtual environment set to Python 3.8.2, and I created the virtual environment using "python3 -m venv .venv". However, every time I check the python version (with Python --version) in the terminal, it returns Python 2.7.16. I check the pip version, and there is no command found. When I check the pip3 version, I get back the following warning:
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
You can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly to avoid this problem.
pip 21.3.1 from /Users/username/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
Whenever I run Python -m pip or Python -m pip3, it returns "no module named pip".
When installing Python, I got a warning that Python 3 was not on the PATH, but it did not fix the issue when I tried to add the path. Unfortunately, I don't have much experience adding a path so I may have done that incorrectly.
Finally, I installed streamlit via pip3. It resulted in the following message but seemed to install. However, it could not be resolved when I tried to import streamlit in my code.
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
You can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly to avoid this problem.
Defaulting to user installation because normal site packages is not writeable
How do I add Python 3 to my PATH and ensure that VSCode runs Python 3 instead of 2?

Simply always refer 'python3' rather than 'python'.
python3 --version
python3 -m pip install blahblahblah

Cannot install pip, it cannot get virtalenv

I am trying to install Pip as described here
When I run py get-pip.py I get the following error:
ERROR: pipenv 2018.11.26 requires virtualenv, which is not installed.
And if then i try to run pip -v, it says command not found
I dont know what could be the problem here. I ran the command in command prompt.
Edit: I also tried running command prompt in administrator mode. I am using py synonim for Windows 10

The link you provided says to use python get-pip.py instead of py get-pip.py. Maybe you can try this out.

Try typing this if you have single python version installed installed:
sudo apt install python*-pip
Here * can be either omitted or replaced by python version. Or if you think that you have pip, but it doesn't appear try running it as your current python module:
python* -m pip
As well as above, the * can be either omitted or replaced by python version

did you check if python is in your PATH environment ?
Python 3.8 Installation
and Did you check if you run it in the powershell?
pip Install in Windows 10 with Powershell
check your installation, I made it with a virtual machine.

Issue installing pip and pandas

I am trying to install Pandas with Pip and am running into some strange issues. Command prompt reported that pip is an unrecognized command. I thought that was strange, but decided to definitively remedy that by installing pip with the following commands:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python get-pip.py
I received the report that an existing version of pip was found, uninstalled, and the new version was installed. I then proceeded to run
pip install pandas
And I was informed that 'pip' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
I then added to the path environment and the issue is still persisting. It's worth noting that I installed Python 3.6 by installing Anaconda. What am I missing here?

The pip command is not found because it's not in your path.
You should add the following to your PATH environment variable:
;%PYTHON_HOME%\;%PYTHON_HOME%\Scripts\
A simple Google search should help you find how to change environment variables for you version of Windows.
For example, see this page from the Java documentation.

Try the following
C:\Users\Username>cd C:\Python27\Scripts
C:\Python27\Scripts>pip freeze
If you're using a different Python version, replace Python27, with your version of Python.

On windows you can use !pip install pandas in your Python program without having to open the windows/anaconda prompt.
But as others said, pip is not in your active directory and you would have to open the anaconda prompt or go to the library where pip is installed

Windows reports error when trying to install package using pipenv

I installed pipenv by following the instructions here. From the Windows command prompt I ran
pip install --user pipenv
which returned the message
Successfully installed pipenv-5.3.3
Now I want to install the requests package using pipenv, so I ran
pipenv install requests
but this returned
'pipenv' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
I have added the path
C:\Users\Robert\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python35\site-packages
to my Windows path environment variable, but I still receive the same error.
How can I install the requests package using pipenv?
EDIT: As I have remnants of Python 3.5 and Python 3.6 on my system, I'm going to uninstall everything and start anew. (I've just started learning Python and I want to keep this as simple as possible.)

I have a similar setup and faced a similar problem, but the solution I found was fairly simple. All of my PATH variables were already correct (from Python 3 the Windows Installer automatically does all of this).
The problem
The problem actually arises because of conflicting installations of virtualenv.
Fix
To address this problem you need to simply run the following commands:
First, remove your current version of virtualenv: pip uninstall virtualenv
Then, remove your current version of pipenv: pip uninstall pipenv
When you are asked Proceed (y/n)? just enter y. This will give you a clean slate.
Finally, you can once again install pipenv and its dependencies: pip install pipenv
This will also install the latest version of virtualenv.
Testing if it worked
Just enter pipenv --version in the command prompt and you should see the desired output.
Notes
I know this sounds the mundane, but it is actually the solution for Windows systems. You do not need to modify any of your system environment variables (please do not add site-packages to your environment variables).

python -m pipenv may work for you, (or python3 -m pipenv or py 3 -m pipenv) this is telling python to run the module pipenv instead of the terminal shortcut which sometimes doesn't install properly.
Just to show they are equivalent when I installed pipenv and run which pipenv it points to a file like /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/pipenv which looks like this:
#!/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pipenv import cli
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(cli())
so it removes .pyw or .exe from the executable name then call pipenv.cli.cli(). It is likely there is a file like this on your machine it just didn't add python's /bin folder to your system PATH so it isn't accessible, there is usually a warning when installing python if this happens but no one checks those. :P
the module pipenv.__main__ which is run when using python -m pipenv looks like this:
from .cli import cli
if __name__ == '__main__':
cli()
Which calls pipenv.cli.cli(). So this main module absolutely does the same effective thing.

to solve this problem i need to start my CMD as administrator.
pip uninstall pipenv
pip install pipenv
To test this new configuration, you can write pipenv --version

Use python -m pipenv instead of just pipenv, it should work. Best of luck to you.

Try adding the following to Path environmental variable:
C:\Users\Robert\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python36\Scripts
instead of the \site-package, as that is where pipenv.exe is installed (at least for me).

use this cmd solve my problem :
python -m pipenv install django==2.1

Many thanks to #Srivats Shankar. In case you have tried what he said and it did not work, hope you did not forget to check your python path? If you have more than a single python version installed, doing pip uninstall virtualenv or pip uninstall pipenv might not help solve the problem.
Every python version is generally supposed to have its own pip installed. What you would do in this case is:
`-python -version_to_uninstall_virtualenv_from -m pip uninstall virtualenv; py --version -m pip uninstall virtualenv
-python -version_to_uninstall_pipenv_from -m pip uninstall pipenv; py --version -m pip uninstall pipenv`
Then you install pipenv with a similar command:
`-python -version_to_install_pipenv_on -m pip install pipenv; py --version -m pip uninstall pipenv`

I had an error like you sed and I just reinstalled pipenv and it fixed.
I used this command:
pip install pipenv

Instead of
C:\Users\Robert\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python35\site-packages
it should be
C:\Users\Robert\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python36\Scripts
after that, try closing and reopening the terminal

check warnings after installing pipenv. sometimes pipenv location not registered in environment variables.

I noticed several different situations with multiple python versions installed.
A preferred solution would be to use:
python -m pip install pipenv
This command for Python3.7 instance generates executables in
C:\Users\XXX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts and it made setting up other packages easier.

Windows is not officially supported, I think.
ref: https://github.com/kennethreitz/pipenv/issues/70

Please check that pipenv is installed in your system by run following command in command promt:
pipenv --version
If it returns error, so please install again and set environment variable path in your system