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I am currently working on a hangman game using tkinter in python.
When I click a button of the letter and it is in the word that we are guessing it should show the letter. But when I click the button this problem is popping up:
This example is only with one button. People say that this problem is because of the mainloop(), but i have no idea how to fix it.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from generate_word import word
#DEFAULT VALUES
score = 0
count = 0
win_count = 2
WINDOW_BG = '#e5404e'
WINDOW_SIZE = '1200x870+300+80'
FONT = ('Arial', 40)
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from generate_word import word
#DEFAULT VALUES
score = 0
count = 0
win_count = 2
WINDOW_BG = '#e5404e'
WINDOW_SIZE = '1200x870+300+80'
FONT = ('Arial', 40)
#this is an example with only one button
buttons = [['b1','a',80,740]]
#Creating window and configurating it
window = Tk()
window.geometry(WINDOW_SIZE)
window.title('Hangman')
window.config(bg = WINDOW_BG)
#generates all of the labels for the word
def gen_labels_word():
label = Label(window, text = " ", bg = WINDOW_BG, font = FONT)
label.pack( padx = 40,pady = (500,100),side = LEFT)
label1 = Label(window, text = word[0], bg = WINDOW_BG, font = FONT)
label1.pack( padx = 41,pady = (500,100),side = LEFT)
x = 21
for var in range(1,len(word)):
exec('label{}=Label(window,text="_",bg=WINDOW_BG,font=FONT)'.format(var))
exec('label{}.pack(padx = {}, pady = (500,100), side=LEFT)'.format(var,x))
x += 1
exec('label{} = Label(window, text = "{}", bg = WINDOW_BG, font = FONT)'.format(len(word),word[-1]))
exec('label{}.pack( padx = {},pady = (500,100),side = LEFT)'.format(len(word), x+1))
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gen_labels_word()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#letters icons(images)
#hangman (images)
hangman = ['h0','h1','h2','h3','h4','h5','h6']
for var in hangman:
exec(f'{var}=PhotoImage(file="{var}.png")')
han = [['label0','h0'],['label1','h1'],['label2','h2'],['label3','h3'],['label4','h4'],['label5','h5'],['label6','h6']]
for p1 in han:
exec('{}=Label(window, bg = WINDOW_BG ,image={})'.format(p1[0],p1[1]))
exec('label0.place(x = 620,y = 0)')
for var in letters:
exec(f'{var}=PhotoImage(file="{var}.png")')
for var in buttons:
exec(f'{var[0]}=Button(window,bd=0,command=lambda: game_brain("{var[0]}","{var[1]}"),bg = WINDOW_BG,font=FONT,image={var[1]})')
exec('{}.place(x={},y={})'.format(var[0],var[2],var[3]))
def game_brain(button, letter):
global count,win_count,score
exec('{}.destroy()'.format(button))
if letter in word:
for i in range(1,len(word)):
if word[i] == letter:
win_count += 1
exec(f'label{i}.config(text="{letter}")')
if win_count == len(word):
score += 1
messagebox.showinfo('GOOD JOB, YOU WON!\n GOODBYE!')
window.destroy()
else:
count += 1
exec('label{}.destroy()'.format(count-1))
exec('label{}.place(x={},y={})'.format(count,620,0))
if count == 6:
messagebox.showinfo('GAME OVER','YOU LOST!\nGOODBYE!')
window.destroy()
def EXIT():
answer = messagebox.askyesno('ALERT','Do you want to exit the game?')
if answer == True:
window.destroy()
e1 = PhotoImage(file = 'exit.png')
ex = Button(window,bd = 0,command = EXIT,bg = WINDOW_BG,font = FONT,image = e1)
ex.place(x=1050,y=20)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
window.mainloop()
Why exec function in python adds '.!' at the beginning of the text?
The exec function isn't doing that. Tkinter by default names all of its widgets with a leading exclamation point. When you print out a widget, it has to be converted to a string. For tkinter widgets, the result of str(some_widget) is the widget's name.
You can see this quite easily without exec:
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root)
print(label)
The above will print something like .!label. If you create a second label it will be .!label2, a third will be .!label3 and so on.
On an unrelated note, you shouldn't be using exec to create widgets. It makes the code very hard to understand and debug. If you want to create widgets in a loop, add them to a dictionary or list instead of dynamically creating variables with exec.
For example:
labels = {}
for var in range(1,len(word)):
label = Label(window,text="_",bg=WINDOW_BG,font=FONT)
label.pack(padx=500, pady=100)
labels[var] = label
With that, you can later reference the widgets as labels[1], labels[2], etc.
You should do the same thing with the images, or anything else that you create in a loop and want to keep track of.
I am trying to make a loan amortization table inside tkinter GUI using text box. However, all the loan amortization table is fully displayed in the terminal console as an output.
The tkinter text BOX output display's only the last line: Here is the full code:
import math
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
def calcLoanPayment(p, r, n, t):
if p > 0 and r > 0 and n > 0 and t > 0:
clp = (p *(r/n)*(pow(1 + r/n, n * t)))/(pow(1 + r/n, n * t)-1)
clp = round(clp, 2)
return clp
else:
return -1
def runApp(): #This will bound the function runapp to the calcbtn.
print("running")
p = principalentry.get() #this will get value as a string
try:
p = float(p) #this will make cast it to float variable.
except:
p = -1
principalentry.delete(0, END) #this will clear the entry after calculation
r = interestrateentry.get()
try: #Try will help from crushing the program when wrong value entered
r = float(r)
except:
r = -1
interestrateentry.delete(0, END) #this will clear the entry after calculation
n = compoundintervalentry.get() #this will get value as a string
try:
n = int(n) #this will make cast it to float variable.
except:
n = -1
compoundintervalentry.delete(0, END) #this will clear the entry after calculation
t = durationentry.get()
try: #Try will help from crushing the program when wrong value entered
t = int(t)
except:
t = -1
durationentry.delete(0, END) #this will clear the entry after calculation
clp = calcLoanPayment(p,r,n,t)
print(clp)
paymentinterval = n*t
paymentinterval = int(paymentinterval)
startingBalance=p
endingBalance=p
for i in range(1, paymentinterval+1):
interestcharge =r/n*startingBalance
endingBalance=startingBalance+interestcharge-clp
result ="\t\t"+str(i)+"\t\t" +str(round (startingBalance, 1)
)+"\t\t"+str(round (interestcharge, 1))+"\t\t"+str(round (clp, 1)
)+"\t\t"+str(round (endingBalance, 1))
startingBalance = endingBalance
print(result)
finaloutput = result
output.config(state="normal")
output.delete(0.0, 'end')
output.insert(END, finaloutput)
output.config(state="disabled")
#Frontend maincode Startshere:
#sketch the design of the user interface first.
root = tk.Tk()
root.config(bg="#F8B135")
root.state("zoomed")
#There are 3 steps to build event programming
#Step 1: construct the widgets
#step 2: configure the widget to make it nicer
#srep 3: place or pack the widget in the root window
title = Label(root, text = "Loan Payment Calculator", font = 'bold')
title.config(fg='white', bg="#28348A")
title.pack(fill = BOTH)
principallabel = Label(root, text="Principal: ")
principallabel.config(anchor = W, font = 'bold', bg="#F8B135")
principallabel.place(x=50, y=30)
principalentry = Entry(root)
principalentry.config(bg="#ffffff")
principalentry.place(x=400, y=30)
interestratelabel = Label(root, text="Interest Rate: enter as Decimal (eg.2% as 0.02) ")
interestratelabel.config(anchor = W, font = 'bold', bg="#F8B135")
interestratelabel.place(x=50, y=70)
interestrateentry = Entry(root)
interestrateentry.config(bg="#ffffff")
interestrateentry.place(x=400, y=70)
compoundintervallabel = Label(root, text="Compound Interval: ")
compoundintervallabel.config(anchor = W, font = 'bold', bg="#F8B135")
compoundintervallabel.place(x=50, y=110)
compoundintervalentry = Entry(root)
compoundintervalentry.config(bg="#ffffff")
compoundintervalentry.place(x=400, y=110)
durationlabel = Label(root, text="Duration: ")
durationlabel.config(anchor = W, font = 'bold', bg="#F8B135")
durationlabel.place(x=50, y=150)
durationentry = Entry(root)
durationentry.config(bg="#ffffff")
durationentry.place(x=400, y= 150)
output = Text(root)
output.config(width= 150, height = 100, bg="white", state="disabled", borderwidth=2, relief= "groove", wrap='word')
output.place(x=50, y=230)
calcbtn = Button(root, text= "Calculate", font = 'bold', highlightbackground="#3E4149")
calcbtn.config(fg='#28348A',command=runApp)
calcbtn.place(x=50, y=190)
root. mainloop()
file.close()`
I couldn't figure out How to display the whole output like the terminal did on the tkinter textbox output function. your help is much appreciated.
There are 2 small changes to the code in the function runApp()
output.config(state="normal")
# output.delete(0.0, 'end') # This line deletes the last entry in the text box. Remove this
output.insert(END, finaloutput + '\n') # Add a newline here. Generates the desired 'tabular' output
output.config(state="disabled")
Everything is working fine except when the program is loaded, I type in a number and try to convert using the button. The issue is that when the button is pressed, it always shows "converted temperature is: 0"
I believe that the variable "var" or the variable "number" is not updating. I am new to tkinter and struggling to figure out why the 0 is not being replaced with the correct temperature.
from tkinter import*
global number
global var
global textbox
number = 0
def convert():
if var.get() == 1:
number = float(textbox.get()) * 1.8 + 32
return number
elif var.get() == 2:
number = (float(textbox.get()) - 32) / 1.8
return number
main = Tk()
var = IntVar()
main.geometry("300x200")
main.configure(bg = 'black')
title = Label(main, text = "Temperature Converter", bg = 'black', fg = 'white' )
textbox = Entry(main, width = 8)
choice1 = Radiobutton(main, selectcolor = 'black', bg = 'black', fg = 'white', text = "Cel - Far", variable=var, value = 1)
choice2 = Radiobutton(main, selectcolor = 'black', bg = 'black', fg = 'white', text = 'Far - Cel', variable=var, value = 2)
button = Button(main, text = 'Convert', command = convert)
answer = Label(main, text = "Converted Temperature is: " + str(number), bg = 'black', fg = 'white' )
title.pack()
textbox.pack()
choice1.pack()
choice2.pack()
button.pack()
answer.pack()
main.resizable(False, False)
main.mainloop()
Change your convert function to:
def convert():
if var.get() == 1:
number = float(textbox.get()) * 1.8 + 32
elif var.get() == 2:
number = (float(textbox.get()) - 32) / 1.8
answer.config(text="Converted Temperature is: " + str(number))
The .config(...) method changes the label. In this case it changes its text attribute.
so I am working on this school project and I need to be able to run the random number generator then if it is 1 go to the headspinner module but if it is 2 go to the tailspinner module. After that the code should add up the score and print it to the user.
Any advice on how to jump from one function to another in my code would be much appreciated thank you.
from tkinter import * # access tkinter library
import random # get random number generator
money = 100
#create coin flip module
def coinFlip():
flip = random.randint(1, 2)
if flip == 1:
headspinner()
else:
tailspinner()
#create headspinner module
def headspinner():
global money
head = random.randint(1, 2)
if head == 1:
money = money + 30
else:
money = money - 25
#create tailspinner module
def tailspinner():
global money
tail = random.randint(1, 4)
if tail == 1:
money = money + 2
elif tail == 2:
money = money + 5
elif tail == 3:
money = money + 10
else:
money = money + 15
#gains or losses module
def upordown():
global money
if money > 100:
screen.itemconfig(message, text = f"Congratulations, you won ${(money - 100):.2f}", font = ("Calibri", "18"))
else:
screen.itemconfig(message, text = f"Congratulations, you won ${(100 - money):.2f}", font = ("Calibri", "18"))
#create pop up box
root = Tk()
#creating canvas
screen = Canvas (root, height = 600, width = 800, bg = "lightgreen")
screen.pack()
#flip button
go = Button(root, text = "Flip", cursor = "hand2", command = coinFlip)
goButton = screen.create_window(400, 530, window = go)
#cerate title
title = screen.create_text(400, 100, text = "Welcome to Flip and Spin", font = ("Calibri", "35"))
#text for instructions
text1 = Label(root, text = "Welcome to the Flip and Spin game! \nThis game includes a quick fate of what you could encounter. \nIt starts off with a fast flip of a coin followed by a dizzying spin of a spinner. \nCome and play to decide if you will lose money, \nmake your money back, or win some easy money!", font = ("Calibri", "20"), justify = CENTER, bg = "light green")
text1label = screen.create_window(400, 300, window = text1,)
#text for final results
message = screen.create_text(400, 400, text = "Results", font = ("Calibri", "18"))
#close canvas
mainloop()
You are already switching from function to function in def coinFlip.
You just need to put everything together.
Here's a simple example to get you started:
from tkinter import Tk, Button, Label, X, LEFT, RIGHT
import random
money = 100
#create coin flip module
def coin_flip():
flip = random.randint(1, 2)
if flip == 1:
headspinner()
else:
tailspinner()
#create headspinner module
def headspinner():
global money
head = random.randint(1, 2)
if head == 1:
money = money + 30
else:
money = money - 25
text.config(text=f"Headspinner: {money}", bg="#aaafff")
#create tailspinner module
def tailspinner():
global money
tail = random.randint(1, 4)
if tail == 1:
money = money + 2
elif tail == 2:
money = money + 5
elif tail == 3:
money = money + 10
else:
money = money + 15
text.config(text=f"Tailspinner: {money}", bg="#ffaaaa")
def show_result():
global money
text.config(text=f"Result: {money}.\nClick the Flip button to start over.", bg="#fffaaa")
money = 100 # reset
root = Tk()
root.title("Game")
# the text here changes when the buttons are pressed
text = Label(root, text="Welcome to the Flip and Spin game!", font = ("Calibri", "18"))
text.pack()
rules = Label(root, text="This game includes a quick fate of what you could encounter. \nIt starts off with a fast flip of a coin followed by a dizzying spin of a spinner. \nCome and play to decide if you will lose money, \nmake your money back, or win some easy money!", font = ("Calibri", "10"))
rules.pack()
# click the button to run the command and change the text in the Label
flip_button = Button(root, text="Flip", command=coin_flip, fg="blue")
flip_button.pack(fill=X, side=LEFT, expand=True)
# click the button to run the command and change the text in the Label
result_button = Button(root, text="Result", command=show_result, fg="blue")
result_button.pack(fill=X, side=RIGHT, expand=True)
root.mainloop()
I am trying to update information in tkinter labels and buttons without redrawing entire screens. I'm using Python 3, a Raspberry Pi, and Idle. I have a trivial example of what I am trying to do. I see comments here that suggest I need to learn to manipulate stringvariable or IntVar, etc. but my book is totally unhelpful in that regard. In this example, I would like the number between the buttons to track the value of the number as it changes with button pushes.
##MoreOrLess.01.py
from tkinter import *
global number
number = 5
root = Tk()
root.title("Test Buttons")
def Less():
global number
number -= 1
print ("The number is now ", number)
def More():
global number
number += 1
print("The number is now ", number)
def MakeLabel(number):
textvariable = number
label1 = Label(root, text = "Pick a button please.").pack(pady=10)
btnL = Button(root, text = "More", command = More).pack(side = LEFT)
btnR = Button(root, text = "Less", command = Less).pack(side = RIGHT)
label2 = Label(root, text = number).pack(pady = 20)
MakeLabel(number)
Not only do you base yourself in a book, check the official documentation of tkinter. in your case you must create a variable of type IntVar with its set() and get() method, and when you want to link that variable through textvariable.
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Test Buttons")
number = IntVar()
number.set(5)
def Less():
number.set(number.get() - 1)
print ("The number is now ", number.get())
def More():
number.set(number.get() + 1)
print("The number is now ", number.get())
def MakeLabel(number):
textvariable = number
label1 = Label(root, text = "Pick a button please.").pack(pady=10)
btnL = Button(root, text = "More", command = More).pack(side = LEFT)
btnR = Button(root, text = "Less", command = Less).pack(side = RIGHT)
label2 = Label(root, textvariable = number).pack(pady = 20)
MakeLabel(number)
root.mainloop()