I have a main.py file and I need to import the database tables that are in "entity / models.py". How do I do ?
I use linux and I don't want to add models.py to sys.path, I want models.py to be visible only in this project. I also don't want to create symbolic links because in my opinion it's the same thing as putting models.py inside the app itself.
You can convert the directory into a package with a __init__.py file. Then as usual you can import the module from the package as in:
from entity.models import func
The __init__.py file can just be an empty file. Just its existence will treat the directory as a package.
Hope this answer helps.
Related
I have my folder setup as such.
Desktop/project1/
Inside project1, I have the main.py where I have all my functions stored, as well as a folder for each instance. So it looks like this.
Desktop/project1/main.py
Desktop/project1/user1/
Desktop/project1/user2/
and inside the user folders, i have:
Desktop/project1/user1/user1.py
Desktop/project1/user2/user2.py
I need to be able to import and use the functions from main.py in each user.py folder inside the folder for that user. Any Idea how to do this easily?
I am using Pycharm, and when I start typing this in, it auto fills it for me, like it can see both the main.py, as well as the functions inside it, but then when I run the program I get an error.
from main import function1
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'main'
Thanks
You can just add the directory's path to your sys.path using
import sys
sys.path.append(r'path\to\dir')
After that you can normally import the file.
You can retrieve the parent directory's path using pathlib.
Try to create an empty file __init__.py in your module directory. __init__ can detect your custom python modules
I am working on a project based on Python 2.7 and I am trying to import a module which is in a package folder that contains __init__.py and the file that I want to import called package1.py, but I am unable to do so. This is my folder structure: main_project/Tools/common/package1.py
Note that my project files are in the folder main_project. So, I am trying to call the package1.py by using an import statement in my script:
from Tools.common.package1 import variable
But I am getting an ImportError: No module named Tools.common.package1.
What is the solution to solving this error as I want to use the package feature for my project?
Maybe use the solution i found here :
# some_file.py
import sys
# insert at 1, 0 is the script path (or '' in REPL)
sys.path.insert(1, '/path/to/application/app/folder')
import file
or verify your module has a __init__.py
Importing files from different folder
Ok I have found the answer. I also had to insert an init.py in the folder Tools as well. Initially I only inserted init.py in common but not in Tools as we should also make Tools a package if we want to access common
Here is my file structure that I am working with for my application. My problem is that I cannot get my test_ctd.py file to see my ctd.py file.
Here is my directory structure
FileParser
--Parsers
----ctd.py
--tests
----__init__.py
----test_ctd.py
--parse.py
I never used an init.py file and am struggling to understand it, but here is my attempt at adding ctd.py to my path.
import sys
import os.path
d = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('../../')))
from Parsers import ctd
Also I do not have any code in my parse.py file, but I will be using that to initiate the program. Would I need a init file for that as well so I can import the files from the Parsers folder?
Any help on how to access my files from within this program structure would be appreciated. Eventually it will be running on a web server, not sure if that makes a difference or not...
Thanks!
Parsers and FileParser must contain __init__.py if you want to import something from ctd.py. See Importing modules in Python and __init__.py.
Then, you can import ctd.py from your tests scripts by doing relative imports like from ..Parsers import ctd or by adding FileParser to sys.path and using from Parsers import ctd.
Or, add the directory containing FileParser to sys.path and use from FileParser.Parsers import ctd.
Hope that helps.
You need to make sure Python is actually looking in the right places. You can do this by modifying your PYTHONPATH environment variable to include places where Python packages are found (such as this directory). You'll also need an __init__.py file, to mark the directory as a Python package.
Or, the cheap, hacky way is by modifying sys.path.
import sys
import os
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), 'Parsers'))
import cdt
Move the __init__.py file into Parsers and add the directory FileParser as absolute path to your PYTHONPATH. For example with sys.path.append('full/path/to/FileParser').
I did some websearch, but all I found was frustration.
I have a project in a directory (lets call it) "projectdir", in which I have "main.py".
In projectdir I have a subdirectory called "otherstuff", In which I have "foo.py".
How do I import foo.py, so I can use its contents in main.py, without doing much of the work that python designers/implementors should have, and without relying on boilerplate files?
Or is that impossible in python?
You need to put a __init__.py file in otherstuff subdirectory, to mark it as a package. After, you can import your module using:
import subdirectory.foo
or
from subdirectory import foo
The __init__.py file can be empty. There is no other "clean" way to achieve that in python.
you need to include __init__.py in your otherstuff directory. This is to tell python to search there for imports.
The python documentation explains how the module/package import works. And is def worth the time reading it, despite its kind of long length
I've been writing in python for a couple of months now and I've never found a through explanation of how import works. I downloaded this folder with subfolders with python files in them. I'm trying to use one of these files and I'm loosing my mind. How do you properlly import a folder with all the files in it?
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
As written in the python documentation on modules:
If you have a folder sound looking like that :
sound/ Top-level package
__init__.py Initialize the sound package
effects/ Subpackage for sound effects
__init__.py
echo.py
surround.py
reverse.py
To import all files of effects folder :
from sound.effects import *
Note that to be able to import module, they have to contain an __init__.py file.
First, check to see if the subdirectories have a file named __init__.py file in them. Python will not recognize directories that do not contain these files.
Then, you will have to manually change the PYTHONPATH, which you can find in sys.path. You can find a great example here.
Edit: I'm not 100% sure this is what you were asking for. If you want to import ALL the python files in a directory, you will have to import them one by one. For example, given a directory like so:
parent/
__init__.py
runner.py
example.py
language.py
you would have to type
from parent import runner, example, language
or
from parent import * # this will also import __init__
You have to create a __init__.py file in the directory to make it a package. In this file you import all the symbols from the underlying files.
See http://docs.python.org/tutorial/modules.html (especially part 6.4 Packages) for further notes on that.
The parent folder must be either in PYTHONPATH or the folder path indicated in a file with extension .pth situated in a location in your path, usually in site-packages.
Then your package and all folders inside it from which you have to import need to have a file named __init__. This file can be used for program initialization but as a starting point it can be an empty file.
For example my program folder, situated in C:\python26 has the estructure:
programas\
.....package1\
.........__init__.py
.........module1.py
.........subpackage1\
.............__init__.py
.............module2.py
.....package2\
.........__init__.py
.........module3
.....__init__.py
.....lonelyscript1.py
.....lonelyscript2.py
file site-packages\site.pth contains:
C:\Python26\programas