enter image description here
code:
chrom_driver_pat = "C:\pythondriver\chromedriver"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrom_driver_pat)
driver.get("https://instagram.com/%22)
terminal:
c:\Users\arda6\Desktop\pyhton_kursu\selenium\setup.py:7: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrom_driver_pat)
DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:56927/devtools/browser/7ce68db7-9314-4927-9718-ca24f43ec2e0
When I run the code here, the instagram site should open and stay open, but when I run it, the site closes as soon as it opens. What should I do?
the page closes as soon as it opens
It shouldn't stay open with the code you've provided.
For example:
driver.get("https://instagram.com/%22)
Should be:
driver.get("https://instagram.com/%22")
There is one more thing you should do to make sure it works:
from time import sleep
#your code
#here
sleep(15)
This will make sure the code doesn't stop working after it's done what you wanted it to do for another 15 seconds.
If you want to keep the Chrome Tab alive after code execution. Consider to use Options.
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# Don't Close Chrome
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("detach", True)
# Initialize Chrome
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
So I am trying to open websites on new tabs inside my WebDriver. I want to do this, because opening a new WebDriver for each website takes about 3.5secs using PhantomJS, I want more speed...
I'm using a multiprocess python script, and I want to get some elements from each page, so the workflow is like this:
Open Browser
Loop throught my array
For element in array -> Open website in new tab -> do my business -> close it
But I can't find any way to achieve this.
Here's the code I'm using. It takes forever between websites, I need it to be fast... Other tools are allowed, but I don't know too many tools for scrapping website content that loads with JavaScript (divs created when some event is triggered on load etc) That's why I need Selenium... BeautifulSoup can't be used for some of my pages.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import multiprocessing, time, pika, json, traceback, logging, sys, os, itertools, urllib, urllib2, cStringIO, mysql.connector, shutil, hashlib, socket, urllib2, re
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from PIL import Image
from os import listdir
from os.path import isfile, join
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pprint import pprint
def getPhantomData(parameters):
try:
# We create WebDriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
# Navigate to URL
browser.get(parameters['target_url'])
# Find all links by Selector
links = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector(parameters['selector'])
result = []
for link in links:
# Extract link attribute and append to our list
result.append(link.get_attribute(parameters['attribute']))
browser.close()
browser.quit()
return json.dumps({'data': result})
except Exception, err:
browser.close()
browser.quit()
print err
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
parameters = json.loads(body)
message = getPhantomData(parameters)
if message['data']:
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
else:
ch.basic_reject(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag, requeue=True)
def consume():
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('invitado', 'invitado')
rabbit = pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost',5672,'/',credentials)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(rabbit)
channel = connection.channel()
# Conectamos al canal
channel.queue_declare(queue='com.stuff.images', durable=True)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='com.stuff.images')
print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL^C'
try:
channel.start_consuming()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
workers = 5
pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=workers)
for i in xrange(0, workers):
pool.apply_async(consume)
try:
while True:
continue
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print ' [*] Exiting...'
pool.terminate()
pool.join()
Editor's note: This answer no longer works for new Selenium versions. Refer to this comment.
You can achieve the opening/closing of a tab by the combination of keys COMMAND + T or COMMAND + W (OSX). On other OSs you can use CONTROL + T / CONTROL + W.
In selenium you can emulate such behavior.
You will need to create one webdriver and as many tabs as the tests you need.
Here it is the code.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com/")
#open tab
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.COMMAND + 't')
# You can use (Keys.CONTROL + 't') on other OSs
# Load a page
driver.get('http://stackoverflow.com/')
# Make the tests...
# close the tab
# (Keys.CONTROL + 'w') on other OSs.
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.COMMAND + 'w')
driver.close()
browser.execute_script('''window.open("http://bings.com","_blank");''')
Where browser is the webDriver
This is a common code adapted from another examples:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com/")
#open tab
# ... take the code from the options below
# Load a page
driver.get('http://bings.com')
# Make the tests...
# close the tab
driver.quit()
the possible ways were:
Sending <CTRL> + <T> to one element
#open tab
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + 't')
Sending <CTRL> + <T> via Action chains
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('t').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
Execute a javascript snippet
driver.execute_script('''window.open("http://bings.com","_blank");''')
In order to achieve this you need to ensure that the preferences browser.link.open_newwindow and browser.link.open_newwindow.restriction are properly set. The default values in the last versions are ok, otherwise you supposedly need:
fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
fp.set_preference("browser.link.open_newwindow", 3)
fp.set_preference("browser.link.open_newwindow.restriction", 2)
driver = webdriver.Firefox(browser_profile=fp)
the problem is that those preferences preset to other values and are frozen at least selenium 3.4.0. When you use the profile to set them with the java binding there comes an exception and with the python binding the new values are ignored.
In Java there is a way to set those preferences without specifying a profile object when talking to geckodriver, but it seem to be not implemented yet in the python binding:
FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions().setProfile(fp);
options.addPreference("browser.link.open_newwindow", 3);
options.addPreference("browser.link.open_newwindow.restriction", 2);
FirefoxDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
The third option did stop working for python in selenium 3.4.0.
The first two options also did seem to stop working in selenium 3.4.0. They do depend on sending CTRL key event to an element. At first glance it seem that is a problem of the CTRL key, but it is failing because of the new multiprocess feature of Firefox. It might be that this new architecture impose new ways of doing that, or maybe is a temporary implementation problem. Anyway we can disable it via:
fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
fp.set_preference("browser.tabs.remote.autostart", False)
fp.set_preference("browser.tabs.remote.autostart.1", False)
fp.set_preference("browser.tabs.remote.autostart.2", False)
driver = webdriver.Firefox(browser_profile=fp)
... and then you can use successfully the first way.
OS: Win 10,
Python 3.8.1
selenium==3.141.0
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'TO\Your\Path\geckodriver.exe')
driver.get('https://www.google.com/')
# Open a new window
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
# Switch to the new window
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.get("http://stackoverflow.com")
time.sleep(3)
# Open a new window
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
# Switch to the new window
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[2])
driver.get("https://www.reddit.com/")
time.sleep(3)
# close the active tab
driver.close()
time.sleep(3)
# Switch back to the first tab
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])
driver.get("https://bing.com")
time.sleep(3)
# Close the only tab, will also close the browser.
driver.close()
Reference: Need Help Opening A New Tab in Selenium
The other solutions do not work for chrome driver v83.
Instead, it works as follows, suppose there is only 1 opening tab:
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.get("https://www.example.com")
If there are already more than 1 opening tabs, you should first get the index of the last newly-created tab and switch to the tab before calling the url (Credit to tylerl) :
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(len(driver.window_handles)-1)
driver.get("https://www.example.com")
In a discussion, Simon clearly mentioned that:
While the datatype used for storing the list of handles may be ordered by insertion, the order in which the WebDriver implementation iterates over the window handles to insert them has no requirement to be stable. The ordering is arbitrary.
Using Selenium v3.x opening a website in a New Tab through Python is much easier now. We have to induce an WebDriverWait for number_of_windows_to_be(2) and then collect the window handles every time we open a new tab/window and finally iterate through the window handles and switchTo().window(newly_opened) as required. Here is a solution where you can open http://www.google.co.in in the initial TAB and https://www.yahoo.com in the adjacent TAB:
Code Block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://www.google.co.in")
print("Initial Page Title is : %s" %driver.title)
windows_before = driver.current_window_handle
print("First Window Handle is : %s" %windows_before)
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://www.yahoo.com')")
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))
windows_after = driver.window_handles
new_window = [x for x in windows_after if x != windows_before][0]
driver.switch_to.window(new_window)
print("Page Title after Tab Switching is : %s" %driver.title)
print("Second Window Handle is : %s" %new_window)
Console Output:
Initial Page Title is : Google
First Window Handle is : CDwindow-B2B3DE3A222B3DA5237840FA574AF780
Page Title after Tab Switching is : Yahoo
Second Window Handle is : CDwindow-D7DA7666A0008ED91991C623105A2EC4
Browser Snapshot:
Outro
You can find the java based discussion in Best way to keep track and iterate through tabs and windows using WindowHandles using Selenium
Try this it will work:
# Open a new Tab
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
# Switch to the new window and open URL B
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.get(tab_url)
After struggling for so long the below method worked for me:
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + 't')
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.TAB)
windows = driver.window_handles
time.sleep(3)
driver.switch_to.window(windows[1])
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://www.google.com')
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
time.sleep(5)
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.get("https://facebook.com")
time.sleep(5)
driver.close()
time.sleep(5)
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])
driver.get("https://www.yahoo.com")
time.sleep(5)
#driver.close()
https://www.edureka.co/community/52772/close-active-current-without-closing-browser-selenium-python
just for future reference, the simple way could be done as this:
driver.switch_to.new_window()
t=driver.window_handles[-1]# Get the handle of new tab
driver.switch_to.window(t)
driver.get(target_url) # Now the target url is opened in new tab
The 4.0.0 version of Selenium supports the following operations:
to open a new tab try:
driver.switch_to.new_window()
to switch to a specific tab (note that the tabID starts from 0):
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[tabID])
Strangely, so many answers, and all of them are using surrogates like JS and keyboard shortcuts instead of just using a selenium feature:
def newTab(driver, url="about:blank"):
wnd = driver.execute(selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.Command.NEW_WINDOW)
handle = wnd["value"]["handle"]
driver.switch_to.window(handle)
driver.get(url) # changes the handle
return driver.current_window_handle
I'd stick to ActionChains for this.
Here's a function which opens a new tab and switches to that tab:
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
def open_in_new_tab(driver, element, switch_to_new_tab=True):
base_handle = driver.current_window_handle
# Do some actions
ActionChains(driver) \
.move_to_element(element) \
.key_down(Keys.COMMAND) \
.click() \
.key_up(Keys.COMMAND) \
.perform()
# Should you switch to the new tab?
if switch_to_new_tab:
new_handle = [x for x in driver.window_handles if x!=base_handle]
assert len new_handle == 1 # assume you are only opening one tab at a time
# Switch to the new window
driver.switch_to.window(new_handle[0])
# I like to wait after switching to a new tab for the content to load
# Do that either with time.sleep() or with WebDriverWait until a basic
# element of the page appears (such as "body") -- reference for this is
# provided below
time.sleep(0.5)
# NOTE: if you choose to switch to the window/tab, be sure to close
# the newly opened window/tab after using it and that you switch back
# to the original "base_handle" --> otherwise, you'll experience many
# errors and a painful debugging experience...
Here's how you would apply that function:
# Remember your starting handle
base_handle = driver.current_window_handle
# Say we have a list of elements and each is a link:
links = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('a[href]')
# Loop through the links and open each one in a new tab
for link in links:
open_in_new_tab(driver, link, True)
# Do something on this new page
print(driver.current_url)
# Once you're finished, close this tab and switch back to the original one
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(base_handle)
# You're ready to continue to the next item in your loop
Here's how you could wait until the page is loaded.
you can use this to open a new tab
driver.execute_script("window.open('http://google.com', 'new_window')")
This worked for me:-
link = "https://www.google.com/"
driver.execute_script('''window.open("about:blank");''') # Opening a blank new tab
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1]) # Switching to newly opend tab
driver.get(link)
just enough use this to open new window(for example):
driver.find_element_by_link_text("Images").send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN)
I tried for a very long time to duplicate tabs in Chrome running using action_keys and send_keys on body. The only thing that worked for me was an answer here. This is what my duplicate tabs def ended up looking like, probably not the best but it works fine for me.
def duplicate_tabs(number, chromewebdriver):
#Once on the page we want to open a bunch of tabs
url = chromewebdriver.current_url
for i in range(number):
print('opened tab: '+str(i))
chromewebdriver.execute_script("window.open('"+url+"', 'new_window"+str(i)+"')")
It basically runs some java from inside of python, it's incredibly useful. Hope this helps somebody.
Note: I am using Ubuntu, it shouldn't make a difference but if it doesn't work for you this could be the reason.
Opening the new empty tab within same window in chrome browser is not possible up to my knowledge but you can open the new tab with web-link.
So far I surfed net and I got good working content on this question.
Please try to follow the steps without missing.
import selenium.webdriver as webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.google.com?q=python#q=python')
first_link = driver.find_element_by_class_name('l')
# Use: Keys.CONTROL + Keys.SHIFT + Keys.RETURN to open tab on top of the stack
first_link.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN)
# Switch tab to the new tab, which we will assume is the next one on the right
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.TAB)
driver.quit()
I think this is better solution so far.
Credits: https://gist.github.com/lrhache/7686903
tabs = {}
def new_tab():
global browser
hpos = browser.window_handles.index(browser.current_window_handle)
browser.execute_script("window.open('');")
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[hpos + 1])
return(browser.current_window_handle)
def switch_tab(name):
global tabs
global browser
if not name in tabs.keys():
tabs[name] = {'window_handle': new_tab(), 'url': url+name}
browser.get(tabs[name]['url'])
else:
browser.switch_to.window(tabs[name]['window_handle'])
As already mentioned several times, the following approaches are NOT working anymore:
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + 't')
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('t').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
Moreover, driver.execute_script("window.open('');") is working but is limited by the popup blocker. I process hundreds of tabs in parallel (web scraping using scrapy). However, the popup blocker became active after opening 20 new tabs using JavaScript's window.open('') and, thus, has broke my crawler.
As work around I declared a tab as "master" which has opended the following helper.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><body>
<a id="open_new_window" href="about:blank" target="_blank">open a new window</a>
</body></html>
Now, my (simplified) crawler can open as many tabs as necessary by purposely clicking the link which is not considered by the popup blogger at all:
# master
master_handle = driver.current_window_handle
helper = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "helper.html")
driver.get(helper)
# open new tabs
for _ in range(100):
window_handle = driver.window_handles # current state
driver.switch_to_window(master_handle)
driver.find_element_by_id("open_new_window").click()
window_handle = set(driver.window_handles).difference(window_handle).pop()
print("new window handle:", window_handle)
Closing these windows via JavaScript's window.close() is no problem.
#Change the method of finding the element if needed
self.find_element_by_xpath(element).send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.ENTER)
This will find the element and open it in a new tab. self is just the name used for the webdriver object.
I want to open quite a few URLs in different tabs using Selenium WebDriver & Python.
I am not sure what is going wrong:
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url1)
time.sleep(5)
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL+'t')
url2 = 'https://www.google.com'
driver.get(item2)
I looked up tutorials and it seems to me as though this code should do what I want. What actually happens is the browser opens, url1 opens as it should, a new tab opens as it should but url2 then loads in the original tab instead of the new one (even though the new tab appears to be the active one).
(I am using Chrome because when using Firefox I can't get it to load any URLs at all. Firefox opens but does not get the url requested. I have tried to find a solution to this but to no avail.)
Is there anything I can change in my code to get the new URL to open in the new tab?
Thanks for your help!
Here is a simple way, platform independent:
Code:
driver.execute_script("window.open('http://google.com', 'new_window')")
Switching back to the original tab:
Code:
driver.switch_to_window(driver.window_handles[0])
Checking the current title to be sure you are on the right page:
Code:
driver.title
For everything else, have fun!
There is a bug in ChromeDriver that prevents ctrl/command+T from working:
I can´t open new tab in ChromeDriver
What you can do, as a workaround, is to open a link in a new tab and then switch to a new window using the switch_to.window(). Working sample:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
# open a link in a new window
actions = ActionChains(driver)
about = driver.find_element_by_link_text('About')
actions.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).click(about).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[-1])
driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com")
Now the last driver.get() would be performed in a newly opened tab.
An alternative way to open a new window is to use JavaScript and the window handler to switch between them.
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Open a new window
# This does not change focus to the new window for the driver.
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
# Switch to the new window
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.get("http://stackoverflow.com")
# close the active tab
driver.close()
# Switch back to the first tab
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])
driver.get("http://google.se")
# Close the only tab, will also close the browser.
driver.close()
If you look at your browser while you're executing it will look like the new window has focus, but to the webdriver, it doesn't. Don't be fooled by the visual. Also remember to select a new window handler when you close a tab as it will set the driver.current_window_handle to
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchWindowException:
Message: no such window: target window already closed from unknown error: web view not found
(Session info: chrome=<Your version of chrome>)
(Driver info: chromedriver=<Your chrome driver version> (<string of numbers>),platform=<Your OS>)
on .close() and it will throw that error if you try to do stuff with the driver at that stage.
you need to maximize your chrome for this
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get("https://www.google.com/")
e = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("body")
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).click(e).send_keys("k").key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
here key_down(Keys.CONTROL) will hold down ctrl key, to get focus on page i am clicking body of the page, then click k