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ImportError in python

In clean.py I have:
import datetime
import os
from flask_script import Manager
from sqlalchemy_utils import dependent_objects
from components import db, app
from modules.general.models import File
from modules.workflow import Workflow
manager = Manager(usage='Cleanup manager')
#manager.command
def run(dryrun=False):
for abandoned_workflow in Workflow.query.filter(Workflow.current_endpoint == "upload.upload_init"):
if abandoned_workflow.started + datetime.timedelta(hours=12) < datetime.datetime.utcnow():
print("Removing abandoned workflow {0} in project {1}".format(
abandoned_workflow.id, abandoned_workflow.project.name
))
if not dryrun:
db.session.delete(abandoned_workflow)
db.session.commit()
for file in File.query.all():
dependencies_number = dependent_objects(file).count()
print("File {0} at {1} has {2} dependencies".format(file.name, file.path, dependencies_number))
if not dependencies_number:
file_delete(file, dryrun)
if not dryrun:
db.session.delete(file)
db.session.commit()
# List all files in FILE_STORAGE directory and delete ones tat don't have records in DB
all_files_hash = list(zip(*db.session.query(File.hash).all()))
for file in os.listdir(app.config['FILE_STORAGE']):
if file.endswith('.dat'):
continue
if file not in all_files_hash:
file_delete(os.path.join(app.config['FILE_STORAGE'], file), dryrun)enter code here
I need start def run()
in console I write:
python clean.py
And I have outputs :
`Traceback (most recent call last):
File "cleanup_command.py", line 7, in <module>
from components import db, app
ImportError: No module named 'components'
clean.py is located in- C:\App\model\clean.py
components.py is located in - C:\components.py
Workflow.py is located in - C:\modules\workflow\Workflow.py
Please, tell me what could be the problem?

The problem is that modules for import are searched in certain locations: https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/modules.html#the-module-search-path.
In your case you can put all source directory paths in PYTHONPATH var like:
PYTHONPATH=... python clean.py
But I guess it would be better to relocate your code files (i.e. put all the libs in one location)

To start run() when you call python clean.py, Add these lines at the end of the script.
if __name__ == '__main__':
r = run()
## 0-127 is a safe return range, and 1 is a standard default error
if r < 0 or r > 127: r = 1
sys.exit(r)
Also as Eugene Primako mentioned it is better to relocate your code files in one location.
from components import db, app
ImportError: No module named 'components'
This means its looking for script named components.py in a location where clean.py is placed. This is the reason why you have got import error.

Python os.environ throws key error?

I'm accessing an environment variable in a script with os.environ.get and it's throwing a KeyError. It doesn't throw the error from the Python prompt. This is running on OS X 10.11.6, and is Python 2.7.10.
What is going on?
$ python score.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "score.py", line 4, in <module>
setup_logging()
File "/score/log.py", line 29, in setup_logging
config = get_config()
File "/score/log.py", line 11, in get_config
environment = os.environ.get('NODE_ENV')
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/UserDict.py", line 23, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(key)
KeyError: 'NODE_ENV'
$ python -c "import os; os.environ.get('NODE_ENV')"
$
As requested, here's the source code for score.py
from __future__ import print_function
from log import get_logger, setup_logging
setup_logging()
log = get_logger('score')
And here's log.py
import json
import os
import sys
from iron_worker import IronWorker
from logbook import Logger, Processor, NestedSetup, StderrHandler, SyslogHandler
IRON_IO_TASK_ID = IronWorker.task_id()
def get_config():
environment = os.environ.get('NODE_ENV')
if environment == 'production':
filename = '../config/config-production.json'
elif environment == 'integration':
filename = '../config/config-integration.json'
else:
filename = '../config/config-dev.json'
with open(filename) as f:
return json.load(f)
def setup_logging():
# This defines a remote Syslog handler
# This will include the TASK ID, if defined
app_name = 'scoreworker'
if IRON_IO_TASK_ID:
app_name += '-' + IRON_IO_TASK_ID
config = get_config()
default_log_handler = NestedSetup([
StderrHandler(),
SyslogHandler(
app_name,
address = (config['host'], config['port']),
level = 'ERROR',
bubble = True
)
])
default_log_handler.push_application()
def get_logger(name):
return Logger(name)

Try running:
find . -name \*.pyc -delete
To delete your .pyc files.
Researching your problem I came across this question, where a user was experiencing the same thing: .get() seemingly raising a KeyError. In that case, it was caused, according to this accepted answer, by a .pyc file which contained code where a dict value was being accessed by key (i.e., mydict['potentially_nonexistent_key']), while the traceback was showing the code from the updated .py file where .get() was used. I have never heard of this happening, where the traceback references current code from a .py file, but shows an error raised by an outdated .pyc file, but it seems to have happened at least once in the history of Python...
It is a long shot, but worth a try I thought.

I encountered a similar error when I set the environment variable without exporting it. So if you do this:
me#host:/# NODE_ENV=foo
You will get this:
me#host:/# python3
Python 3.8.2 (default, Apr 27 2020, 15:53:34)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> node_env = os.environ['NODE_ENV']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python3.8/os.py", line 675, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(key) from None
KeyError: 'NODE_ENV'
>>>
But if you do this:
me#host:/# NODE_ENV=foo
me#host:/# export NODE_ENV
It works:
me#host:/# python3
Python 3.8.2 (default, Apr 27 2020, 15:53:34)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> node_env = os.environ['NODE_ENV']
>>> print(node_env)
foo
>>>

Command for windows to delete the .pyc files:
del /S *.pyc

I had the same problem. I solved that by making some corrections on the .env file:
Before:
Key = Value
After my correction:
Key=Value
without blank spaces and worked!

I was getting this error while trying to source from a .env file.
I didn't explicitly export the env vars so I had to change this.
ENVIRONMENT=DEV
to this
export ENVIRONMENT=DEV

Use export a=10 instead of a=10 while setting env variable. Add the same in ~./bashrc to reload the env var wherever you login.
Doing this resolved the issue

I'd recommend you start debugging os.py, for instance, on windows it's being used this implementation:
def get(self, key, failobj=None):
print self.data.__class__
print key
return self.data.get(key.upper(), failobj)
And if I test it with this:
import os
try:
os.environ.get('NODE_ENV')
except Exception as e:
print("-->{0}".format(e.__class__))
os.environ['NODE_ENV'] = "foobar"
try:
os.environ.get('NODE_ENV')
except Exception as e:
print("{0}".format(e.__class__))
The output will be:
<type 'dict'>
PYTHONUSERBASE
<type 'dict'>
APPDATA
<type 'dict'>
NODE_ENV
<type 'dict'>
NODE_ENV
So it makes sense the exception is not spawned reading dict.get docs.
In any case, if you don't want to mess up or debugging the python modules, try cleaning up the *.pyc files, try to set up properly NODE_ENV. And if all that don't work, restart your terminal to clear up.

Django exception : django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured:

When i run the same code in django shell it works fine for me. but when I fire up the Python interpreter (Python 2) to check some things, I get the an error when I try importing - from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import os
import django
django.setup()
import smtplib
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, "/edx/app/edxapp/edx-platform/lms/djangoapps/courseware")
import dateutil.relativedelta
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey
from courseware.models import StudentModule
from datetime import datetime
def PCSurvey_email():
for student in StudentModule.objects.filter(module_type="PCSurvey"):
two_months_date = datetime.now().date() - dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(months=2)
created = student.created.date()
if created == two_months_date :
user_id = student.student_id
user_email = User.objects.get(id = user_id).email
FROM = "user#example.com"
TO = [user_email] # must be a list
SUBJECT = "Hello!"
TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib."
# Prepare actual message
message = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s
%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
# Send the mail
server = smtplib.SMTP('outlook.net')
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()
#deleting the module
smod = StudentModule.objects.get(module_type="PCSurvey", course_id = student.course_id, student_id= student.student_id)
smod.delete()
The error that I get is
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/edx/app/edxapp/edx-platform/lms/djangoapps/courseware/PCSurvey_email.py", line 4, in <module>
django.setup()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/__init__.py", line 22, in setup
configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 39, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting LOGGING_CONFIG, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
Any help on this is very much appreciated.

Django needs to be setup, in order to run fine, when you run it through manage.py shell, manage.py takes care or setting it up for you, but doing it via a python script, needs manual setup.
You also seem to have used your defined models, to be able to import them into your python script, you need to add the path to the root folder of your project to the current python path.
Finally, you need to tell django where your settings file is (before setting up your django), in your manage.py file, you should have something like this :
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings")
Go make it a constant, name it * DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE *, so you now have:
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE)
Now you need to import the constant into your script and tell django (By setting an env var) where it should look for the settings file.
So in all:
import sys, os
sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/parent/of/courseware") # /home/projects/my-djproj
from manage import DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE)
import django
django.setup()
This way you're setup up just fine.

For new users coming on this question.
If you don't want to setup django settings file manually as described wonderfully by #SpiXel
You can run python manage.py shell from the project directory which will basically link the settings file that django needs automatically.

When you open a shell, django automatically sets itself up.
With Python interpreter you have to do this manually:
import django
django.setup()

Just a simple solution all can try!
I tried to run my custom script inside shell only by using the following way:
python manage.py shell < /path_to_script

Python "name app = bottle.default_app() not defined" error

I'm using the Bottle framework for a simple application that I'm working on atm. I have my bottle library located in the folder "lib" and I call the bottle framework from the lib folder by "import lib.bottle". This is my folder structure:
lib
- bottle.py
- bottledaemon.py
- __init__.py
view
- log-in.tpl
mybottleapp.py
This is my code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import lib.bottle
from lib.bottle import route, template, debug, static_file, TEMPLATE_PATH, error, auth_basic, get, post, request, response, run, view, redirect, SimpleTemplate, HTTPError
from lib.bottledaemon import daemon_run
import os
import ConfigParser
#######################
# Application Logic #
#######################
# This line of code is not recognised:
app = bottle.default_app()
##################
# Page Routing #
##################
##### LOG-IN PAGE #####
#route('/')
#view('log-in')
def show_page_index():
outout = 0
# Pathfix for Daemon mode
TEMPLATE_PATH.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "view")))
debug(mode=True)
# Pass to the daemon
if __name__ == "__main__":
daemon_run()
So it throws this error at me:
"name app = bottle.default_app() not defined"
If I remove this line "app = bottle.default_app()" the app works fine BUT I realy want to have it in there for programming purposes.
So what am I doing wrong? Is it maybe cuz I run the app in daemon mode or maybe I don't call it right from the lib folder?
Btw I also can't import ConfigParser. This maybe has a diffirent cause but I can't use it.

I think all you need to do is change this:
import lib.bottle
to this
import lib.bottle as bottle
Note: in my setup all I need to do is this:
import bottle

So it throws this error at me: name app = bottle.default_app() not defined
Lies
Your error is actually
Traceback (most recent call last):
File ..., line ..., in ...
app = bottle.default_app()
NameError: name 'bottle' is not defined
Because you did not define bottle. You defined lib.bottle. Either use your new name
app = lib.bottle.default_app()
or rename it:
import lib.bottle as bottle

keyring module is not included while packaging with py2exe

I am making an app using python 2.7 on windows and keyring-3.2.1 . In my python code on eclipse, I used
import keyring
keyring.set_password("service","jsonkey",json_res)
json_res= keyring.get_password("service","jsonkey")
is working fine as I am storing json response in keyring. But, when I converted python code into exe by using py2exe, it shows import error keyring while making dist. Please suggest how to include keyring in py2exe.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "APP.py", line 8, in <module>
File "keyring\__init__.pyc", line 12, in <module>
File "keyring\core.pyc", line 15, in <module>
File "keyring\util\platform_.pyc", line 4, in <module>
File "keyring\util\platform.pyc", line 29, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'system'
platform_.py code is :
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import platform
def _data_root_Windows():
try:
root = os.environ['LOCALAPPDATA']
except KeyError:
# Windows XP
root = os.path.join(os.environ['USERPROFILE'], 'Local Settings')
return os.path.join(root, 'Python Keyring')
def _data_root_Linux():
"""
Use freedesktop.org Base Dir Specfication to determine storage
location.
"""
fallback = os.path.expanduser('~/.local/share')
root = os.environ.get('XDG_DATA_HOME', None) or fallback
return os.path.join(root, 'python_keyring')
# by default, use Unix convention
data_root = globals().get('_data_root_' + platform.system(), _data_root_Linux)
platform.py code is:
import os
import sys
# While we support Python 2.4, use a convoluted technique to import
# platform from the stdlib.
# With Python 2.5 or later, just do "from __future__ import absolute_import"
# and "import platform"
exec('__import__("platform", globals=dict())')
platform = sys.modules['platform']
def _data_root_Windows():
try:
root = os.environ['LOCALAPPDATA']
except KeyError:
# Windows XP
root = os.path.join(os.environ['USERPROFILE'], 'Local Settings')
return os.path.join(root, 'Python Keyring')
def _data_root_Linux():
"""
Use freedesktop.org Base Dir Specfication to determine storage
location.
"""
fallback = os.path.expanduser('~/.local/share')
root = os.environ.get('XDG_DATA_HOME', None) or fallback
return os.path.join(root, 'python_keyring')
# by default, use Unix convention
data_root = globals().get('_data_root_' + platform.system(), _data_root_Linux)

The issue you're reporting is due to an environment that contains invalid modules, perhaps from an improper installation of one version of keyring over another. You will want to ensure that you've removed remnants of the older version of keyring. In particular, make sure there's no file called keyring\util\platform.* in your site-packages.
After doing that, however, you'll encounter another problem. Keyring loads its backend modules programmatically, so py2exe won't detect them.
To work around that, you'll want to add a 'packages' declaration to your py2exe options to specifically include the keyring.backends package. I invoked the following setup.py script with Python 2.7 to convert 'app.py' (which imports keyring) to an exe:
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(
console=['app.py'],
options=dict(py2exe=dict(
packages='keyring.backends',
)),
)
The resulting app.exe will import and invoke keyring.