How do I define a function with an input array parameter - python

I want to create a function with one input array parameter and then return an array from 1st,4th and 6th element.
This is what I have came up with so far. So basically I want to print a,d,f
def something(paramOne):
result = [paramOne[1,4,6]]
return result
print(something(['a','b','c','d','e','f']))

Use list comprehension to pull out the elements you want.
def something(paramOne):
select_list = [1,4,6]
return [paramOne[i-1] for i in select_list]
print(something(['a','b','c','d','e','f']))
Output:
['a', 'd', 'f']

Issue: Index of any iterable should be an integer, you are giving a list
Fix: Going through the list and if the index(i+1 to make it 1 indexed) is in our list add it to the result
def something(paramOne):
# result = [paramOne[1,4,6]] >>> Index of any iterable should be an integer, you are giving a list
result = [v for i,v in enumerate(paramOne) if i+1 in [1,4,6]] # here i am going through the list and if the index(i+1 to make it 1 indexed) is in our list add it to the result
return result
print(something(['a','b','c','d','e','f']))
['a', 'd', 'f']

Related

Usage of key in max function and argument-less count method

list_x = ['A', 'B', 'B', 'E']
x = max(set(list_x), key=list_x.count)
Can anyone explain what's happening here? I know max() returns the max value and the set() would return set of the given list but what is , key=list_x.count there? (also, why there is no input for count method? ie. list_x.count("B") )
Note: I got this line from someone else's submission online.
max() goes through the given iterable and returns the largest item.
The key parameter (also used in list.sort(), min(), and other similar functions) can be passed a function that's used to get what key to sort on. Basically, this key function is called once for each item in the iterable and that value is used for sorting instead.
The list_x.count count method is a reference to list.count(). This returns how many times the item is in the list.
Another way to write what you have would be:
max(set(list_x), key=lambda item: list_x.count(item))
It's just that instead of passing a function/lambda that calls list_x.count() to key, the list_x.count function itself was passed.
set() is being used here because a set can only contain unique elements. Since you are getting the count for each element, it is faster to use a set so you are not calling list_x.count('B') multiple times.
This computes the element in list_x that is repeated the most. set(list_x) is used to compute the max over, and for each (unique, of course) element in the set, the count of that element in the list is computed (as in list_x.count('B'), for example).
So:
list_x = ['A', 'B', 'B', 'E']
x = max(set(list_x), key=list_x.count)
# x = 'B'
list_x = ['A', 'B', 'B', 'E', 'A', 'A']
x = max(set(list_x), key=list_x.count)
# x = 'A'

Finding all the elements in a list between two elements (not using index, and with wrap around)

I'm trying to figure out a way to find all the elements that appear between two list elements (inclusive) - but to do it without reference to position, and instead with reference to the elements themselves. It's easier to explain with code:
I have a list like this:
['a','b','c','d','e']
And I want a function that would take, two arguments corresponding to elements eg. f('a','d'), and return the following:
['a','b','c','d']
I'd also like it to wrap around, eg. f('d','b'):
['d','e','a','b']
I'm not sure how to go about coding this. One hacky way I've thought of is duplicating the list in question (['a','b','c','d','e','a','b','c','d','e']) and then looping through it and flagging when the first element appears and when the last element does and then discarding the rest - but it seems like there would be a better way. Any suggestions?
def foo(a, b):
s, e = [a.index(x) for x in b]
if s <= e:
return a[s:e+1]
else:
return a[s:] + a[:e+1]
print(foo(['a','b','c','d','e'], ['a', 'd'])) # --> ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
print(foo(['a','b','c','d','e'], ['d', 'b'])) # --> ['d', 'e', 'a', 'b']
So the following obviously needs error handling as indicated below, and also, note the the index() function only takes the index of the first occurrence. You have not specified how you want to handle duplicate elements in the list.
def f(mylist, elem1, elem2):
posn_first = mylist.index(elem1) # what if it's not in the list?
posn_second = mylist.index(elem2) # ditto
if (posn_first <= posn_second):
return mylist[posn_first:posn_second+1]
else:
return mylist[posn_first:] + mylist[:posn_second+1]
This would be a simple approach, given you always want to use the first appearence of the element in the list:
def get_wrapped_values(input_list, start_element, end_element):
return input_list[input_list.index(start_element): input_list.index(end_element)+1]

Retrieving all but one value

I'm looking to retrieve all but one value from a list:
ll = ['a','b','c']
nob = [x for x in ll if x !='b']
Is there any simpler, more pythonic way to do this, with sets perhaps?
given that the element is unique in the list, you can use list.index
i = l.index('b')
l = ll[:i] +ll[i+1:]
another possibility is to use list.remove
ll.remove('b') #notice that ll will change underneath here
whatever you do, you'll always have to step through the list and compare each element, which gets slow for long lists. However, using the index, you'll get the index of the first matching element and can operate with this alone, thus avoiding to step through the remainder of the list.
list_ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
list_.pop(1)
You can also use .pop, and pass the index column, or name, that you want to pop from the list. When you print the list you will see that it stores ['a', 'c'] and 'b' has been "popped" from it.

slice a list based on some values

Hi I'm looking for a way to split a list based on some values, and assuming the list's length equals to sum of some values, e.g.:
list: l = ['a','b','c','d','e','f']
values: v = (1,1,2,2)
so len(l) = sum(v)
and I'd like to have a function to return a tuple or a list, like: (['a'], ['b'], ['c','d'], ['d','e'])
currently my code is like:
(list1,list2,list3,list4) = (
l[0:v[0]],
l[v[0]:v[0]+v[1]],
l[v[0]+v[1]:v[0]+v[1]+v[2]],
l[v[0]+v[1]+v[2]:v[0]+v[1]+v[2]+v[3]])`
I'm thinking about make this clearer, but closest one I have so far is (note the results are incorrect, not what I wanted)
s=0
[list1,list2,list3,list4] = [l[s:s+i] for i in v]
the problem is I couldn't increase s at the same time while iterating values in v, I'm hoping to get a better code to do so, any suggestion is appreciated, thanks!
If you weren't stuck on ancient Python, I'd point you to itertools.accumulate. Of course, even on ancient Python, you could use the (roughly) equivalent code provided in the docs I linked to do it. Using either the Py3 code or equivalent, you could do:
from itertools import accumulate # Or copy accumulate equivalent Python code
from itertools import chain
# Calls could be inlined in listcomp, but easier to read here
starts = accumulate(chain((0,), v)) # Extra value from starts ignored when ends exhausted
ends = accumulate(v)
list1,list2,list3,list4 = [l[s:e] for s, e in zip(starts, ends)]
Maybe make a generator of the values in l?
def make_list(l, v):
g = (x for x in l)
if len(l) == sum(v):
return [[next(g) for _ in range(val)] for val in v]
return None
You could just write a simple loop to iterate over v to generate a result:
l = ['a','b','c','d','e','f']
v = (1,1,2,2)
result = []
offset = 0
for size in v:
result.append(l[offset:offset+size])
offset += size
print result
Output:
[['a'], ['b'], ['c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
The idea here is using a nested loop. Assuming that your condition will always holds true, the logic then is to run through v and pick up i elements from l where i is an number from v.
index = 0 # this is the start index
for num in v:
temp = [] # this is a temp array, to hold individual elements in your result array.
for j in range(index, index+num): # this loop will pickup the next num elements from l
temp.append(l[j])
data.append(temp)
index += num
Output:
[['a'], ['b'], ['c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
The first answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/39715361/5759063 is the most pythonic way to do it. This is just the algorithmic backbone.
Best I could find is a two line solution:
breaks=[0]+[sum(v[:i+1]) for i in range(len(v))] #build a list of section indices
result=[l[breaks[i]:breaks[i+1]] for i in range(len(breaks)-1)] #split array according to indices
print result

Using an index to get an item

I have a list in python ('A','B','C','D','E'), how do I get which item is under a particular index number?
Example:
Say it was given 0, it would return A.
Given 2, it would return C.
Given 4, it would return E.
What you show, ('A','B','C','D','E'), is not a list, it's a tuple (the round parentheses instead of square brackets show that). Nevertheless, whether it to index a list or a tuple (for getting one item at an index), in either case you append the index in square brackets.
So:
thetuple = ('A','B','C','D','E')
print thetuple[0]
prints A, and so forth.
Tuples (differently from lists) are immutable, so you couldn't assign to thetuple[0] etc (as you could assign to an indexing of a list). However you can definitely just access ("get") the item by indexing in either case.
values = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
values[0] # returns 'A'
values[2] # returns 'C'
# etc.
You can use _ _getitem__(key) function.
>>> iterable = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
>>> key = 4
>>> iterable.__getitem__(key)
'E'
Same as any other language, just pass index number of element that you want to retrieve.
#!/usr/bin/env python
x = [2,3,4,5,6,7]
print(x[5])
You can use pop():
x=[2,3,4,5,6,7]
print(x.pop(2))
output is 4

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