I have this code:
import hashlib
pass_hash = input("Enter MD5 Hash: ")
wordlist = input("Wordlist name: ")
try:
pass_file = open(wordlist, 'r')
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
quit()
def main():
counter = 0
print(f"List count: {str(counter)} Type: alphanum")
for word in pass_file:
encoded_word = word.encode('utf-8')
digest = hashlib.md5(encoded_word.strip()).hexdigest()
counter += 1
if digest == pass_hash:
print(f"Password found: {word}")
break
else:
print("Password not found")
main()
I am trying to print the counter current stage, for example 1 gets replaced by 2 and then by 3 etc on the same line until the password hash gets cracked. Like a loading bar just with numbers iterated so far.
Use string concatenation:
stringToPrint = "List count: " + str(counter) + " Type: alphanum"
print(stringToPrint)
You can accomplish this using a carriage return:
counter = 0
for word in pass_file:
sys.stdout.write(f"\rList count: {str(counter)} Type: alphanum")
sys.stdout.flush()
counter += 1
encoded_word = word.encode('utf-8')
digest = hashlib.md5(encoded_word.strip()).hexdigest()
if digest == pass_hash:
print(f"\nPassword found: {word}")
break
You need to flush the stdout stream to ensure that it gets written (normally the output stream will wait for a substantial buffer or a line break (\n) to print out, so you'll need to manually flush.
You also need to add a line break when the password is found, since we don't include one when writing the counter.
Related
I have this code where the user has to input the name of a file which includes a message and the name of a file where the message must be written after its encrypted via Caesar-Cipher.
I would like to validate the inputs, so that if there's a wrong input, the code won't crash but ask the user for a valid file path until the user inputs it.
I have some familiarity with validation using the while loop, however I couldn't apply it here without ruining other parts of the code.
Any suggestions are appreciated.
def open_file(source_path: str, dest_path: str):
with open(source_path, mode='r') as fd:
while line := fd.readline():
return line
def write_to_file(dest_path: str, line: str):
with open(dest_path, mode='a') as fd:
fd.write(line)
source_path = input("Enter the name of the file including the message: ")
dest_path = input("Enter the name of the file where the encrypted message will be written: ")
MODE_ENCRYPT = 1
def caesar(source: str, dest: str, steps, mode):
alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABC"
alpha_len: int = len(alphabet)
new_data = ""
file = open_file(source_path, dest_path)
for char in file:
index = alphabet.find(char)
if index == -1:
new_data += char
else:
# compute first parth
changed = index + steps if mode == MODE_ENCRYPT else index - steps
# make an offset
changed %= alpha_len
new_data += alphabet[changed:changed + 1]
write_to_file(dest_path, new_data)
return new_data
while True:
# Validating input key
key = input("Enter the key: ")
try:
key = int(key)
except ValueError:
print("Please enter a valid key: ")
continue
break
ciphered = caesar(source_path, dest_path, key, MODE_ENCRYPT)
Not quite sure what you meant by not being able to use a while loop, but here is a simple way of checking if the paths exists using pathlib.
from pathlib import Path
while True:
source_path = Path(input("Enter the name of the file including the message: "))
if source_path.exists():
break
print("Please input a valid path")
while True:
dest_path = Path(input("Enter the name of the file where the encrypted message will be written: "))
if dest_path.exists():
break
print("Please input a valid path")
You can use inbuilt OS module in Python. Here is the code until the path is a valid path.
Note: Keeping a check for MAXIMUM RETRIES will help the code to not stuck in an infinite loop for the user.
import os
def getPath():
MAXIMUM_RETRIES = 5
count = 0
file_path = ""
while True:
count += 1
file_path = input("Enter the path: ")
if os.path.exists(file_path):
break
if count >= MAXIMUM_RETRIES:
print("You have reached maximum number or re-tries. Exiting...")
exit(1)
print("Invalid Path. Try again.")
return file_path
This is the code to search a particular entry in a file:
num2find = str(input("Enter a number to find: "))
test_file = open("testfile.txt", "r")
num = "0"
flag = False
while (num != ""):
num = test_file.readline()
if (num == num2find):
print("Number found.")
flag = True
break
if not flag:
print("\nNumber not found.")
The test file is:
1
2
3
4
5
If I input 2, the code still outputs "Number not found."
Every time you read a line from a text file, you are getting "\n" at the end of the string line, so the problem you are facing is that you are comparing "2" to "2\n" which is not the same.
You could take advantage of with to pen your file. This way you do not need to worry about closing the file once you are done with it. Also, you do not need to pass the "r" argument since it is the default mode for open.
You should use a for loop instead of that needless while loop. The for loop will terminate automatically when all the lines in the file have been read.
One more improvement you could make is to rename the flag flag to found, and to print the result once the file has been processed.
num2find = int(input("Enter a number to find: "))
found = False # rename flag
with open("testfile.txt") as test_file: # use with to avoid missing closing the file
for line in test_file: # use a for loop to iterate over each line in the file
num = int(line)
if num == num2find:
found = True
break
if found: # print results at the end once file was processed
print("Number found.")
else:
print("Number not found.")
Each line in the test file contains two characters - the number and a newline. Since "2" does not equal "2\n", your number is not being found. To fix this, use the int function to parse your lines, since it ignores whitespace (like the \n) character:
num2find = int(input("Enter a number to find: "))
flag = False
with open("testfile.txt", "r") as test_file:
for line in test_file:
num = int(line)
if num == num2find:
print("Number found.")
flag = True
break
if not flag:
print("\nNumber not found.")
The easiest and the most logical solution I could come up with after all the feedback was this:
num2find = int(input("Enter a number to find: "))
file_data = open("testfile.txt", "r")
found = False
for data in file_data:
if int(data) == num2find:
found = True
if found:
print("\nNumber found.")
else:
print("\nNumber not found.")
file_data.close()
You need to add .rstrip() on num = test_file.readline()
Try something like this:
num2find = str(input("Enter a number to find: "))
test_file = open("testfile.txt", "r")
file_data = test_file.readlines()
flag = False
for item in file_data:
if num2find == item.rstrip():
flag = True
break
if not flag:
print("\nNumber not found.")
else:
print("Number found")
Don't use .readline() like that, use readlines() instead
I'm trying to make a new file at the end of a program to append info into, however the file isn't being created for some reason (the place in my code to look at is the #curve area). My best guess is that the variable "filename" established at the beginning of the program, isn't carrying all the way down to where I establish the new file name. My code is as follows:
import statistics
# input
filename = input("Enter a class to grade: ")
try:
# open file name
open(filename+".txt", "r")
print("Succesfully opened", filename,".txt", sep='')
print("**** ANALYZING ****")
with open(filename+".txt", 'r') as f:
counter1 = 0
counter2 = 0
right = 0
answerkey = "B,A,D,D,C,B,D,A,C,C,D,B,A,B,A,C,B,D,A,C,A,A,B,D,D"
a = []
# validating files
for line in f:
if len(line.split(',')) !=26:
print("Invalid line of data: does not contain exactly 26 values:")
print(line)
counter2 += 1
counter1 -= 1
if line.split(",")[0][1:9].isdigit() != True:
print("Invalid line of data: wrong N#:")
print(line)
counter2 += 1
counter1 -= 1
if len(line.split(",")[0]) != 9:
print("Invalid line of data: wrong N#:")
print(line)
counter2 += 1
counter1 -= 1
counter1 += 1
#grading students
score = len(([x for x in zip(answerkey.split(","), line.split(",")[1:]) if x[0] != x[1]]))
score1 = 26 - score
score2 = score1 / 26
score3 = score2 * 100
a.append(score3)
sscore3 = str(score3)
# results file
results = open(filename+"_grades.txt", "a")
results.write(line.split(",")[0])
results.write(",")
results.write(sscore3[:2])
results.write("\n")
results.close()
# in case of no errors
if counter2 == 0:
print("No errors found!")
# calculating
number = len(a)
sum1 = sum(a)
max1 = max(a)
min1 = min(a)
range1 = max1 - min1
av = sum1/number
# turn to int
av1 = int(av)
max2 = int(max1)
min2 = int(min1)
range2 = int(range1)
# median
sort1 = sorted(a)
number2 = number / 2
number2i = int(number2)
median = a[number2i]
median1 = int(median)
# mode
from statistics import mode
mode = mode(sort1)
imode = int(mode)
# printing
print ("**** REPORT ****")
print ("Total valid lines of data:", counter1)
print ("Total invalid lines of data:", counter2)
print ("Mean (average) score:", av1)
print ("Highest score:", max2)
print("Lowest score:", min2)
print("Range of scores:", range2)
print("Median Score:", median1)
print("Mode score(s):", imode)
# curve
part = input("Would you like to apply a curve to the scores? (y)es or (n)o?")
if part == "y":
newmean = input("Enter desired mean score:")
part1 = newmean - av1
part2 = sscore3 + part1
results = open(filename+"_grades_with_curve.txt", "a")
results.write(line.split(",")[0])
results.write(",")
results.write(sscore3[:2])
results.write(",")
results.write(part2)
results.write("\n")
results.close()
except:
print("File cannot be found.")
and It skips to the except block when I enter "y" at the end to try and create the new list, meaning the issue is within creating this new list.
The code is too long and requires reorganization.
It is likely, there are other problems with your code and you are trying to fix wrong one.
Few hints:
Do not open file without assigning the file object to a variable
open(filename+".txt", "r")
You open the file and have no chance to close it as you ignore the returned
file object.
Use with block to open/close your files
with open(input_fname, 'r'):
# work with the file
Learn doing so everywhere.
Do not reopen file for writing results
Your code repeatedly opens the result file (in "a" mode). You have better opening it only once.
You may even open multiple files within one context block:
with open(input_fname, 'r') as f, open(output_fname, "a") as results:
# work with the files
Reuse once calculated result
In many places you split the line: line.split(",").
You shall put the result into variable and reuse it.
rec = line.split(",")
Never ignore exceptions!!! (most serious problem)
The final block is catching all exceptions without giving you any sign, what went wrong (or even
worse, it tells you probably wrong information that the file was not found).
So instead of:
try:
# some code
except:
print("File not found.")
at least reraise the exception to learn from it:
try:
# some code
except:
print("File not found.") # this is probably to be removed as misleading message
raise
In fact, you can completely ignore complete top level try - except block and let the exception show
up telling you what went wrong.
Split your code into smaller chunks.
Having the code split to smaller functions shall simplify debugging and usage
I currently have the following code: You enter a string, the computer then pulls random letters and tries to match it to the letters in your string. This repeates and with each iteration the computer gets closer to guessing your string. I would like to output the initial string entered or the 'target' and the string format of the number of iterations it took to get the correct match. I want to output this to a text document. So far the script produces a text document but does not output to it. I would like it to save the data after each iteration from the main loop. I have the working program i just need assitance with the output, any ideas on how that could be done?
Here is the progress i made:
import string
import random
possibleCharacters = string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits + string.ascii_uppercase + ' .,!?;:£$^%&*|'
file = open('out.txt', 'w')
again = 'Y'
while again == 'Y' or again == 'y':
target = input("Enter your target text: ")
attemptThis = ''.join(random.choice(possibleCharacters) for i in range(len(target)))
attemptNext = ''
completed = False
generation = 0
while completed == False:
print(attemptThis)
attemptNext = ''
completed = True
for i in range(len(target)):
if attemptThis[i] != target[i]:
completed = False
attemptNext += random.choice(possibleCharacters)
else:
attemptNext += target[i]
generation += 1
attemptThis = attemptNext
genstr = str(generation)
print("Target matched! That took " + genstr + " generation(s)")
file.write(target)
file.write(genstr)
again = input("please enter Y to try again: ")
file.close()
Addressing both the original question and the one in the comments:
How to write to file after each iteration of the loop: call file.flush() after file.write(...) :
file.write(target)
file.write(genstr)
file.flush() # flushes the output buffer to the file
To add a newline after each "target" and "genstring" that you write, well, add a newline to the string (or whatever other output formatting you want) :)
file.write(target + '\n')
file.write(genstr + '\n')
fileName = raw_input("Enter the filename: ")
n = input("Enter the line you want to look: ")
f = open(fileName,'r')
numbers = []
for line in f:
sentenceInLine = line.split('\n')
for word in sentenceInLine:
if word != '':
numbers.append(word)
print numbers
print len(numbers)
print numbers[n-1]
if n == 0:
print "There is no 0 line"
break
i think you missed to split sentenceInLine like sentenceInLine.split(' ')
You are looping over each line, then you split lines based on '\n'. That \n is a line break character. That would confuse your logic right there.
So it is a bit confusing what you are trying to do but you should check n after the user has inputed a value for n. not at the end.
You may want to also catch the exception where file cannot be found I think this is what you need:
fileName = raw_input("Enter the filename: ")
n = input("Enter the line you want to look: ")
if n == 0:
print "There is no 0 line"
sys.exit();
try:
f = open(fileName,'r')
except IOError:
print "Could not find file"
sys.exit()