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Which AWS infrastructure to choose to write an automated application in python?

I have a basic background in DS with Python and I try now the first time to build an application and I need a bit advise which infrastructure to choose on AWS and how to structure the application. The code I can develop/google on my own :)
The main question is: Where/On which platform of AWS should happen Step 2. I guess I miss there some basic knowledge of applications and therefore I have problems to google the problem myself.
What should happen by the application:
On a website a user types in values in a form and this values are sended somewhere so be processed. (Already coded)
Now, this values (so far an email with the values) has to be sent somewhere to be processed. Here I do not know in which infrastructure of AWS I can write an application that can receive this values (/email) directly and process it automatically?
3./4. Automated process of values, pdf creation and sending etc.
Goal is that always when a user uses the website and sends the email, that the automated process is triggered.
Thank you for your help! :)

I am assuming that you have access to the mailbox to which user form data will be sent via email, You can then read the email data using imap module of python and extract the required information either by using regex or by some html to dict conversion module, please find below link for html to dict conversion.
How to convert an HTML table into a Python dictionary.
Having said all that I would strongly recommend you to use AWS EC2 instance to host your application, NGNIX as web server, postgress as database and most importantly Django as the webframe work, you should have the user fill the require data in form and send that form directly to the back end server which can then save it directly to your database (there is no need to send the data via email), if you have any queries please let me know.

I would suggest you use a "fanning out" architecture with something like Eventbridge or SNS topic.
When your user submits form, you publish a message to an SNS topic.
That topic can send an email, and also send the data to a backend service like lambda to save to something like DynamoDB or something like RDS MySQL.

Choosing "From" field using python win32com outlook

I am trying to automate emails using python. Unfortunately, the network administrators at my work have blocked SMTP relay, so I cannot use that approach to send the emails (they are addressed externally).
I am therefore using win32com to automatically send these emails via outlook. This is working fine except for one thing. I want to choose the "FROM" field within my python code, but I simply cannot figure out how to do this.
Any insight would be greatly appreciated.

If you configured a separate POP3/SMTP account, set the MailItem.SendUsingAccount property to an account from the Namespace.Accounts collection.
If you are sending on behalf of an Exchange user, set the MailItem.SentOnBehalfOfName property

Connecting to Google app email servers in Python to send from an alias

I'm looking to send many emails via Python and would like to connect to Google's email servers to send it from my company email address (it's for work). I've got working code for sending the email through the old company email (user#work.com) which is our login, but can't figure out how to send it through the alias (user#betterdomain.com) we use frequently.
Long story short, logging in with my regular Google Apps account won't do and I need to sign in with an alias (nickname) instead. Alternatively, I can sign with the regular account (user#work.com) but send via a different email (user#betterdomain.com).
Working in python and pretty new to programming, but am a good listener! (It's like this question: Google Apps - Send email from a nickname but in Python).

If I understand properly, what you are trying to do is get the Google App Engine send an email on behalf of logged in user, who is using his Google Apps Account name to login. Is it right?
In that case, the mail API for App Engine informs about the mail.send_mail() wherein From: address can be the current user if signed in with Google Accounts. If this is not what you are looking for, some clarification might be required.

Linux email server, how to know a new email has arrived

I am developing an email parsing application using python POP3 library on a linux server using Dovecot email server. I have parsed the emails to get the contents and the attachments etc. using POP3 library.
Now the issue is how to notify a user or actually the application that a new email has arrived? I guess there should be some notification system on email server itself which I am missing or something on linux which we can use to implement the same.
Please suggest.
Thanks in advance.

POP3 does not have push ability. Like a regular ol' post office you need to actually go to check your e-mail. IMAP does have functionality similar to (but not exactly the same as) mail pushing. I'd suggest taking a look at it.

Getting a Jabber status via Python

I'm developing a website using the Django framework, and I need to retrieve Jabber (okay, Google Talk) statuses for a user. Most of the Jabber python libraries seem like an incredible amount of overkill (and overhead) for a simple task. Is there any simple way to do this?
I know very little about XMPP/Jabber, though of course I'm willing to learn. Do you need to be an authenticated and "friended" user to retrieve another user's status?

Do you need to be an authenticated and
"friended" user to retrieve another
user's status?
Yes.
To get the status of a given user, you should write a jabber bot and the user should add your bot as a friend. Then you would be able to get the status of that user. FriendFeed and other services do that.
Google Buzz is from Google, so they already have access to your chat status...

I recommend checking out Google AppEngine's XMPP API (Django runs on AppEngine, too). AFAIK you have to be authorized to check a user's status.