In Flask-Admin, is there any way to control the order of the list generated by inline_models? It seems to be coming out in database order, i.e. ordered by the ID primary key.
That is, if I have an Author that has_many Books, and my AuthorModelView class has inline_models = (Books,), the books are always ordered by book_id. Passing column_default_sort to the inline model, to try to sort by (say) title or date_purchased, has no effect. Is there any way to handle this?
Specify the order_by parameter when specifying the relationships, see docs. See note at the end if you want to sort by a specific field at runtime.
Example of model declarations for Author -> Books. Here we are ordering on the book title field ascending - order_by='Book.title.asc()' :
class Author(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'authors'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
first_name = db.Column(db.Text(length=255), nullable=False)
last_name = db.Column(db.Text(length=255), nullable=False)
books = db.relationship("Book", order_by='Book.title.asc()', cascade="all,delete-orphan", backref=db.backref('author'))
def __str__(self):
return f"ID: {self.id}; First Name: {self.first_name}; Last Name: {self.last_name}"
class Book(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'books'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('authors.id'), nullable=False, index=True)
title = db.Column(db.Text(length=255), nullable=False)
def __str__(self):
return f"ID: {self.id}; Title: {self.title}; Author ID: {self.author_id}"
Single file full example:
from faker import Faker
import click
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_admin import Admin
from flask_admin.contrib import sqla
db = SQLAlchemy()
class Author(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'authors'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
first_name = db.Column(db.Text(length=255), nullable=False)
last_name = db.Column(db.Text(length=255), nullable=False)
books = db.relationship("Book", order_by='Book.title.asc()', cascade="all,delete-orphan", backref=db.backref('author'))
def __str__(self):
return f"ID: {self.id}; First Name: {self.first_name}; Last Name: {self.last_name}"
class Book(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'books'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('authors.id'), nullable=False, index=True)
title = db.Column(db.Text(length=255), nullable=False)
def __str__(self):
return f"ID: {self.id}; Title: {self.title}; Author ID: {self.author_id}"
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = '123456790'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///sample.sqlite'
db.init_app(app)
#app.cli.command('create-database', short_help='Create Authors database')
#click.option('--count', default=100, help='Number of authors (default 100)')
def create_database(count):
"""
Create database with "count" authors
"""
db.drop_all()
db.create_all()
_faker = Faker()
for _ in range(0, count):
_author = Author(
first_name=_faker.first_name(),
last_name=_faker.last_name(),
)
db.session.add(_author)
for _ in range(0, _faker.pyint(1, 20)):
_book = Book(
title=_faker.sentence(),
author=_author
)
db.session.add(_book)
db.session.commit()
class AuthorView(sqla.ModelView):
# default sort: last_name ascending
column_default_sort = ('last_name', False)
inline_models = (Book,)
# Flask views
#app.route('/')
def index():
return 'Click me to get to Admin!'
admin = Admin(app, template_mode="bootstrap3")
admin.add_view(AuthorView(Author, db.session))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
Run the following command to initialize an SQLite DB.
flask create-database --count 100
If you want to change the sort field at runtime override the view's get_one() method and use Python to sort the instrumented list directly. For example, sorting by ISBN field instead of title:
class Author2View(sqla.ModelView):
def get_one(self, id):
_author = super().get_one(id)
_author.books = sorted(_author.books, key=lambda book: book.isbn)
return _author
# default sort: last_name ascending
column_default_sort = ('last_name', False)
inline_models = (Book,)
admin.add_view(Author2View(Author, db.session, name="Author 2", endpoint='author-2'))
Related
I'm new to using Flask, so apologies for what might be a basic question.
I'm working on a new Flask application that has multiple tables in a database. There is a table for storing the users information (name, password, enabled). Another table holds the group names and if it is an admin group (type is boolean). A third table relates the user to the group(s) they are a member of, since they could be a member of more than one. Here is the relevant code from models.py
class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(10), index=True, unique=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
active_user = db.Column(db.Boolean)
group_ids = db.relationship('GroupMembers', backref='user', lazy='dynamic' )
def __repr__(self):
return 'User {} | Active {}'.format(self.username, self.active_user)
def set_password(self, password):
self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
def check_password(self, password):
return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)
def check_admin(self):
group_ids = self.group_ids.all()
for row in group_ids:
group = Group.query.get(int(row.gid))
if group.admin_rights:
return True
return False
class Group(db.Model):
gid = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
groupname = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True, unique=True)
admin_rights = db.Column(db.Boolean)
group_members = db.relationship('GroupMembers', backref='members', lazy='dynamic')
def __repr__(self):
return 'ID: {} | Name: {} | Admin: {}'.format(self.gid, self.groupname, self.admin_rights)
def is_admin_group(self, gid):
_group = self.query.get(int(gid))
return _group.admin_rights
class GroupMembers(db.Model):
__table_args__ = ( db.UniqueConstraint('gid', 'uid'), )
id = db.Column(db.Integer, prmary_key=True)
gid = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, db.ForeignKey('group.gid'))
uid = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return "{}.{}".format(self.gid, self.uid)
I'm trying to find the best way to determine if a user is a member of a admin group (group.admin_rights == True). The 'check_admin' function in 'User' works, but I'm unsure of how to call this from within the html templates. Could this be called using something like
{% if current_user.check_admin() %}
assuming that your check_admin() is working fine, you can pass the additional check_admin flag like this
return render_template('sample_page.html', admin=check_admin())
and in the Jinja template, you can simply check for an admin user with:
{% if admin %}
When trying to get a many to many relationship working I keep getting the following error:
sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError: One or more mappers failed to initialize - can't proceed with initialization of other mappers. Triggering mapper: 'Mapper|User|Users'. Original exception was: When initializing mapper Mapper|User|Users, expression 'Device' failed to locate a name ("name 'Device' is not defined"). If this is a class name, consider adding this relationship() to the class after both dependent classes have been defined.
I have looked over all the sqlalchemy documents and reviewed multiple links on many to many but no luck. I am sure its a naming or importing issue, but have not found a solution yet
I removed some of the code that I don't feel is related
Users.py
from random import SystemRandom
from backports.pbkdf2 import pbkdf2_hmac, compare_digest
from flask_login import UserMixin
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from devices.models import Device
user_device = db.Table('UserDevice', db.Model.metadata,
db.Column('userID', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('Users.userID')),
db.Column('deviceID', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('Device.deviceID')))
class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'Users'
__table_args__ = {'mysql_engine': 'InnoDB',
'extend_existing': True}
id = db.Column('userID', db.Integer, primary_key=True)
# Relationship to UserDevice association table
user_device = relationship('Device',
secondary=user_device,
backref=db.backref('users', lazy='dynamic'))
Device.py
class Device(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'Device'
__table_args__ = {'mysql_engine': 'InnoDB',
'extend_existing': True}
id = db.Column('deviceID', db.Integer, primary_key=True)
date_created = db.Column('deviceDateCreated', db.DateTime, default=db.func.current_timestamp())
date_modified = db.Column('deviceDateModified', db.DateTime, default=db.func.current_timestamp(), onupdate=db.func.current_timestamp())
device_created_user = db.Column('deviceCreatedUser', db.String, default='App Server')
device_last_updated_user = db.Column('deviceLastUpdatedUser', db.String, default='App Server', onupdate=current_user)
#Serial Number
serial_number = db.Column('deviceSerialNumber', db.Integer, nullable=False, unique=True)
#Sampling Interval
sampling_interval = db.Column('deviceSamplingInterval', db.Integer, default=60, nullable=False)
# Relationship to Device Status Table
device_status_id = db.Column('deviceStatusID', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('DeviceStatus.deviceStatusID'))
# New instance instantiation procedure
def __init__(self, serial_number):
self.serial_number = serial_number
self.device_status_id = 1
def __repr__(self):
return '<Device %r>' % self.serial_number
Image of Database Model:
Turns out I didn't provide enough information to solve this problem. The problem turned out to be using the db variable created by calling SQLAlchemy. I created a python file just for the database called database.py. The mistake I made was in User\models.py I called the following import from database import db and in Device\models.py I called from app import db. This caused the db.Model to not function properly and also wouldn't create the user tables when calling create_all(). Hope this helps someone in the future.
Database.py
from flask_influxdb import InfluxDB
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()
influx_db = InfluxDB()
influx_db_client = None
def init_db():
# import all modules here that might define models so that
# they will be registered properly on the metadata. Otherwise
# you will have to import them first before calling init_db()
from users.models import User, UserStatus, UserDevice
from devices.models import Device, DeviceStatus
db.Model.metadata.drop_all(bind=db.engine)
db.Model.metadata.create_all(bind=db.engine)
Devices\models.py
from app import db
from flask_login import current_user
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
import enum
class DeviceStatusType(enum.Enum):
INACTIVE = "Inactive"
ACTIVE = "Active"
# Define a Device model
class Device(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'Device'
__table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
id = db.Column('deviceID', db.Integer, primary_key=True)
date_created = db.Column('deviceDateCreated', db.DateTime, default=db.func.current_timestamp())
date_modified = db.Column('deviceDateModified', db.DateTime, default=db.func.current_timestamp(), onupdate=db.func.current_timestamp())
device_created_user = db.Column('deviceCreatedUser', db.String(128), default='App Server')
device_last_updated_user = db.Column('deviceLastUpdatedUser', db.String(128), default='App Server', onupdate=current_user)
#Serial Number
serial_number = db.Column('deviceSerialNumber', db.Integer, nullable=False, unique=True)
#Sampling Interval
sampling_interval = db.Column('deviceSamplingInterval', db.Integer, default=60, nullable=False)
# Relationship to Device Status Table
device_status_id = db.Column('deviceStatusID', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('DeviceStatus.deviceStatusID'))
users = relationship("User", secondary="userDevice")
# New instance instantiation procedure
def __init__(self, serial_number):
self.serial_number = serial_number
self.device_status_id = 1
def __repr__(self):
return '<Device %r>' % self.serial_number
users\models.py
from random import SystemRandom
from backports.pbkdf2 import pbkdf2_hmac, compare_digest
from flask_login import UserMixin, current_user
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref
from devices.models import Device
import enum
# Import the database object (db) from the main application module
# We will define this inside /app/__init__.py in the next sections.
from app import db
class UserStatusType(enum.Enum):
INACTIVE = "Inactive"
ACTIVE = "Active"
# Define a User model
class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'User'
__table_args__ = {'extend_existing': True}
id = db.Column('userID', db.Integer, primary_key=True)
date_created = db.Column('userDateCreated', db.DateTime, default=db.func.current_timestamp())
date_modified = db.Column('userDateModified', db.DateTime, default=db.func.current_timestamp(), onupdate=db.func.current_timestamp())
user_created_user = db.Column('userCreatedUser', db.String(128), default=current_user)
user_last_updated_user = db.Column('userLastUpdatedUser', db.String(128), default=current_user, onupdate=current_user)
# First Name
first_name = db.Column('userFirstName', db.String(128), nullable=False)
# Last Name
last_name = db.Column('userLastName', db.String(128), nullable=False)
# User Name
user_name = db.Column('userUserName', db.String(128), nullable=False, unique=True)
# Email
email = db.Column('userEmailAddress', db.String(128), nullable=False, unique=True)
# Password
_password = db.Column('userPassword', db.LargeBinary(128))
_salt = db.Column('userSalt', db.LargeBinary(128))
# Relationship to User Status table
user_status_id = db.Column('userStatusID', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('UserStatus.userStatusID'))
# Relationship to UserDevice association table
devices = relationship("Device", secondary="userDevice")
#hybrid_property
def password(self):
return self._password
# In order to ensure that passwords are always stored
# hashed and salted in our database we use a descriptor
# here which will automatically hash our password
# when we provide it (i. e. user.password = "12345")
#password.setter
def password(self, value):
# When a user is first created, give them a salt
if self._salt is None:
self._salt = bytes(SystemRandom().getrandbits(8))
self._password = self._hash_password(value)
def is_valid_password(self, password):
"""Ensure that the provided password is valid.
We are using this instead of a ``sqlalchemy.types.TypeDecorator``
(which would let us write ``User.password == password`` and have the incoming
``password`` be automatically hashed in a SQLAlchemy query)
because ``compare_digest`` properly compares **all***
the characters of the hash even when they do not match in order to
avoid timing oracle side-channel attacks."""
new_hash = self._hash_password(password)
return compare_digest(new_hash, self._password)
def _hash_password(self, password):
pwd = password.encode("utf-8")
salt = bytes(self._salt)
buff = pbkdf2_hmac("sha512", pwd, salt, iterations=100000)
return bytes(buff)
# New instance instantiation procedure
def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, user_name, email, password):
self.first_name = first_name
self.last_name = last_name
self.user_name = user_name
self.email = email
self.password = password
self.user_status_id = 2
def __repr__(self):
return "<User #{:d}>".format(self.id)
This issue has confused me for a long time and I searched for a few days but still cannot get it resolved, including this, this, and this.
Below code returns a query object and it shows correctly in the select field.
But when submitting to database, the errors occurred.
# Query the user with Role.id == 4 as reviewer
def reviewer_choices():
return User.query.join(User.roles).filter(Role.id == 4)
# Build a select field
class ProjectView(sqla.ModelView):
form_extra_fields = {
'reviewer': sqla.fields.QuerySelectField(
query_factory=reviewer_choices,
)}
I tried to define __repr__ and __str__ in order to convert it to string but in vain, is there any other way to convert the query object to string? Thanks in advance.
1. __repr__:
The error returns:
sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError
InterfaceError:
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
first_name = db.Column(db.String(255))
# ...
# ...
def __repr__(self):
return self.first_name
2. __str__:
The error returns:
sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError InterfaceError: (raised as a result of
Query-invoked autoflush; consider using a session.no_autoflush block
if this flush is occurring prematurely) (sqlite3.InterfaceError) Error
binding parameter 8 - probably unsupported type. [SQL: u'INSERT INTO
project
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
first_name = db.Column(db.String(255))
# ...
# ...
def __str__(self):
return self.first_name
I currently used:
In the Project class
class Project(db.Model):
# ...
reviewer = db.Column(db.Unicode(128))
# ...
In the Project table
CREATE TABLE `project` (
# ...
`reviewer1` TEXT,
# ...
Assuming that having reviewer as string field in your Project model is intentional (as opposed to being a relationship).
A QuerySelectField data property stores an ORM instance, which in your case is an instance of a User model, whilst your reviewer field is a string, hence the error message.
You can create an inherited QuerySelectField class and override its populate_obj method to convert the selected User instance to a string of your choice, e.g.
class ProjectQuerySelectField(QuerySelectField):
def populate_obj(self, obj, name):
# obj is the current model being edited/created
# name is the field name - 'reviewer' in this instance
# self.data is the user instance selected in the form
setattr(obj, name, str(self.data))
Note the use of the str function to get the string representation of the selected user instance.
See self-contained sample app below. Navigate to http://127.0.0.1:5000/admin/project/ to see how a selected user gets converted to a string.
from flask import Flask
from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelView
from flask_admin.contrib.sqla.fields import QuerySelectField
from flask_security import Security, SQLAlchemyUserDatastore, RoleMixin, UserMixin
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_admin import Admin
# Create application
app = Flask(__name__)
# Create dummy secrey key so we can use sessions
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = '123456790'
# Create in-memory database
app.config['DATABASE_FILE'] = 'sample_db.sqlite'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///' + app.config['DATABASE_FILE']
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
# Flask views
#app.route('/')
def index():
return 'Click me to get to Admin!'
# Define models
roles_users = db.Table('roles_users',
db.Column('user_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('user.id')),
db.Column('role_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('role.id')))
class Role(db.Model, RoleMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer(), primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True)
description = db.Column(db.String(255))
def __str__(self):
return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
first_name = db.Column(db.String(255))
last_name = db.Column(db.String(255))
email = db.Column(db.String(254), unique=True)
roles = db.relationship('Role', secondary=roles_users, backref=db.backref('users', lazy='dynamic'))
def __str__(self):
return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
def __unicode__(self):
return ', '.join(filter(None, [self.first_name, self.last_name, self.email]))
class Project(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(255))
reviewer = db.Column(db.Unicode(128))
def __str__(self):
return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
# Setup Flask-Security
user_datastore = SQLAlchemyUserDatastore(db, User, Role)
security = Security(app, user_datastore)
class UserView(ModelView):
column_list = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email', 'roles']
form_columns = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email', 'roles']
class RoleView(ModelView):
form_columns = ['name', 'description']
def reviewer_choices():
# return User.query.join(User.roles).filter(Role.id == 4)
return User.query.join(User.roles).filter(Role.name == u'Reviewer')
class ProjectQuerySelectField(QuerySelectField):
def populate_obj(self, obj, name):
setattr(obj, name, str(self.data))
class ProjectView(ModelView):
form_extra_fields = {
'reviewer': ProjectQuerySelectField(
query_factory=reviewer_choices,
)}
admin = Admin(app, template_mode="bootstrap3")
admin.add_view(UserView(User, db.session))
admin.add_view(RoleView(Role, db.session))
admin.add_view(ProjectView(Project, db.session))
def build_sample_db():
db.drop_all()
db.create_all()
# Reviewer will have id : 4 and will have index 3 in _roles list
_roles = []
for _name in ['Admin', 'Editor', 'Reader', 'Reviewer']:
_role = Role(name=_name)
_roles.append(_role)
db.session.add_all(_roles)
# get the "Reviewer" Role
_reviewer_role = _roles[3]
# Give Paul and Serge "Reviewer" role
_user_1 = User(first_name="Paul", last_name="Cunningham", email="paul#example.com", roles=[_reviewer_role])
_user_2 = User(first_name="Luke", last_name="Brown", email="luke#example.com")
_user_3 = User(first_name="Serge", last_name="Koval", email="serge#example.com", roles=[_reviewer_role])
db.session.add_all([_user_1, _user_2, _user_3])
db.session.commit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
build_sample_db()
app.run(port=5000, debug=True)
I am currently trying to insert items into my database. I am using SQLlite and SQLAlchemy with Flask but there seems to be an issue. Whenever I try to insert items manually from the cmd, I receive an error.
This session's transaction has been rolled back due to a previous
exception during flush.
I have implemented an one to many relationship in my database but something seems to keep messing up. Here is my Python code:
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
main = Flask(__name__)
db = SQLAlchemy(main)
main.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql://YYYYYYY:XXXXXXX#localhost/address'
main.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'something-secret'
Bootstrap(main)
class Organisation(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(40), unique=True)
number = db.Column(db.String(40), unique=True)
employees = db.relationship('Person', backref='employer', lazy='dynamic')
def __init__(self, title, email, number):
self.title = title
self.email = email
self.number = number
class Person(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(60), unique=False)
email = db.Column(db.String(40), unique=True)
mobile = db.Column(db.String(40), unique=True)
employer_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('organisation.id'))
def __init__(self, name, email, mobile, employer_id):
self.name = name
self.email = email
self.mobile = mobile
self.employer_id = employer_id
#main.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def index():
result = Person.query.all()
org_result = Organisation.query.all()
return render_template("index.html", result=result, org_result=org_result)
#main.route('/additems', methods=['GET'])
def additems():
return render_template('add.html')
#main.route('/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def add():
person = Person(request.form['name'], request.form['email'], request.form['mobile'])
db.session.add(person)
db.session.commit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main.run(debug=True)
If I have to honest, I think that my issue is somewhere in the init functions. I have tried changing them in several ways:
1.Adding employees as self.employees = employees and trying directly to input an Organisation as:
organisation_one=Organisation(title="XX",email="xx#mail.com",number="3838",employees=person_one) but it fired back an error even before I could submit person_one
2.I have tried referencing the employer_id in the Person __init__ file and when I try to add the organisation id, I recive an error "can't adapt type".
What am I doing wrong with the one to many database model? Can someone help me out?
Your database models require a __tablename__ attribute like this: This tells it what the actual table name is in the database. Otherwise SQLAlchemy doesn't know how to write the SQL for you.
class Organisation(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'organisation'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(40), unique=True)
number = db.Column(db.String(40), unique=True)
employees = db.relationship('Person', backref='employer', lazy='dynamic')
def __init__(self, title, email, number):
self.title = title
self.email = email
self.number = number
You must also reference this table name in the backref for your Person model:
db.ForeignKey('organisation.id')) # assuming "organisation" is the table name
Also, your /add route is incomplete and will result in an error:
#main.route('/add', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def add():
person = Person(request.form['name'], request.form['email'], request.form['mobile'])
db.session.add(person)
db.session.commit()
# e.g. add some instruction here on what to do...
flash('Person %s <%s>added!' % (request.form['name'], request.form['email']))
return redirect(url_for('main.additems'))
I am designing a schema to audit which user has which monitors.
For a given audit, we have users. And each user can have zero or many monitors.
Also, a user can have many of the same monitor.
Here is my User class:
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.Sequence('user_id_seq'),
autoincrement=True, primary_key=True)
login = db.Column(db.String(140), unique=True)
def __init__(self, login):
self.login = login
def __repr__(self):
return '<User %r>' % self.login
Here is my Audit class:
class Audit(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.Sequence('audit_id_seq'),
autoincrement=True, primary_key=True)
start_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
end_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
def __init__(self):
self.start_date = datetime.now()
def __repr__(self):
return '<Audit %r>' % self.id
Here is my Monitor class:
class Monitor(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.Sequence('monitor_id_seq'),
autoincrement=True, primary_key=True)
description = db.Column(db.String(140), unique=True)
def __init__(self, description):
self.description = description
def __repr__(self):
return '<Monitor %r>' % self.description
Here is my UserAudit class:
class UserAudit(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.Sequence('user_audit_id_seq'),
autoincrement=True, primary_key=True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
user = db.relationship('user',
backref=db.backref('user_audits', lazy='dynamic'))
audit_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('audit.id'))
audit = db.relationship('Audit')
monitors = db.relationship('Monitor',
secondary=userAuditMonitor.association_table,
backref='user_audit_monitors')
def __init__(self, user, audit):
self.user = user
self.audit = audit
def __repr__(self):
return '<UserAudit %r>' % self.id
And finally, here is my UserAuditMonitor class which glues the whole thing together:
class UserAuditMonitor():
association_table = Table('user_audit_monitor', db.Model.metadata,
Column('user_audit_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user_audit.id')),
Column('monitor_id', db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('monitor.id'))
)
The above association table is super useful as I can simply use the .append() method and add more monitors to a UserAudit sqlalchemy object.
Example:
>>> u = UserAudit.query.get(1)
>>> monitors = [Monitor.query.get(3), Monitor.query.get(4)]
>>> u.append(monitors)
>>> print u.monitors
[<Monitor u'HP'>, <Monitor u'Dell'>]
>>> db.session.commit()
>>> print u.monitors
[<Monitor u'HP'>, <Monitor u'Dell'>]
However, if I try and append more than one of the same monitors to a UserAudit object, only one monitor gets stored.
Example:
>>> u = UserAudit.query.get(2)
>>> monitors = [Monitor.query.get(3), Monitor.query.get(3)]
>>> u.append(monitors)
>>> print u.monitors
[<Monitor u'HP'>, <Monitor u'HP'>]
>>> db.session.commit()
>>> print u.monitors
[<Monitor u'HP'>] # ONLY ONE MONITOR GOT SAVED HERE!!!
How do I configure the UserAuditMonitor class to save duplicates?
Thanks!
My guess is that UserAuditMonitor doesn't have an explicitly defined primary key, so SQLA is using user_audit_id x monitor_id as the key and de-duplicates the relationship. Perhaps try adding an autoincrement primary key to the association_table?