is there a way to import multiple python files into a main python file?
I have a bunch of py files and each one has to run in the main python file and the data are saved into a json file.
This is what I tried and it gave me an error.
import light.py as light
Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2218, in _find_and_load_unlocked
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute '__path__'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/pi/Desktop/majorproject/pillar1.py", line 8, in <module>
import sensorkey.py as sensorkey
ImportError: No module named 'sensorkey.py'; 'sensorkey' is not a package
I have also tried specifying the path to the py file and it didn't work either and keeps giving an invalid syntax error.
import /home/pi/Desktop/json/light.py as light
Update:
I managed to fix the import error but i now, after importing this light.py file, i have to print out certain keys from a dictionary (key) into this new file then export it to a json file. I'm currently using TinyDB to do so. Here are my codes:
from tinydb import TinyDB, Query
import json
from light import key
with open("/home/pi/Desktop/json/sensortestest.json", 'w+'):
db = TinyDB('/home/pi/Desktop/json/sensortestest.json')
table = db.table('Light')
db.insert_multiple([{'Key 1' :key[lightkey]}, {'Key 2' : key[lightkeyID]}])
Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/pi/Desktop/majorproject/testertestest.py", line 12, in <module>
db.insert_multiple([{'Key 1' :key[lightkey]}, {'Key 2' : key[lightkeyID]}])
NameError: name 'lightkey' is not defined
The problem is I had already defined 'lightkey' in its own file already.
To include the dictionary, you could do this if your file location is in different directory (with caution of path.append as #Coldspeed mentioned):
import sys
sys.path.append("path/foo/bar/")
from light import *
If it is in same directory as current directory, you could just do:
from light import *
The syntax for importing your_filename.py, assuming it is in the same directory, is
import your_filename
In your case, it would be
import light
Note the absence of .py.
If your file is in a different directory, you'll need to do:
import sys
sys.path.append('path/to/dir/containing/your_filename.py')
import your_filename
Note that appending to sys.path is dangerous, and should not be done unless you know what you're doing.
Read more at the official docs for import.
Related
My code is:
import re
s="An apple in a day."
print(re.search("in",s))
Error:
C:\Users\DELL\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/Lib/encodings/re.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/DELL/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/Lib/encodings/re.py", line 1, in <module>
import re
File "C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\Lib\encodings\re.py", line 3, in <module>
re.search("is",s)
AttributeError: partially initialized module 're' has no attribute 'search' (most likely due to a circular import)
Process finished with exit code 1
You name your file re.py so python confused which one to use when you call import re: your file or regexp library.
Try to rename your file to something else and not to choose other library names.
one of my code lines is
import yaml
which was installed on python 3.7 using pip install pyyaml
the following error arises
Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"C:/code/EPMD/Kodex/Applications/EPMD-Software/Sandbox/peer_changing_send_rate.py",
line 1, in
from TestPeer.TestPeerChangingSendRate import TestPeerChangingSendSpeed
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\Applications\EPMD-Software\TestPeer\TestPeerChangingSendRate.py",
line 1, in
from .TestPeer import TestPeer
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\Applications\EPMD-Software\TestPeer\TestPeer.py",
line 4, in
from BaseProcess.ZmqPeerClass import ZmqPeer
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\Applications\EPMD-Software\BaseProcess\ZmqPeerClass.py",
line 2, in
from .ZmqPublisherClass import ZmqPublisher
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\Applications\EPMD-Software\BaseProcess\ZmqPublisherClass.py",
line 10, in
from . import ZmqProcessClass
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\Applications\EPMD-Software\BaseProcess\ZmqProcessClass.py",
line 5, in
from .ConfigBaseClass import ConfigBase
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\Applications\EPMD-Software\BaseProcess\ConfigBaseClass.py",
line 3, in
import yaml
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\venv\lib\site-packages\yaml__init__.py", line 9, in
from .dumper import *
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\venv\lib\site-packages\yaml\dumper.py", line 6, in
from .representer import *
File "C:\code\EPMD\Kodex\venv\lib\site-packages\yaml\representer.py", line
263, in
SafeRepresenter.add_representer(datetime.date, AttributeError: module 'datetime' has no attribute 'date'
How to I get import yaml to work?
You probably have a file called datetime.py in one of the directories shown in the error message (most probably C:/code/EPMD/Kodex/Applications/EPMD-Software/Sandbox/), if you do then you need to rename it to something that will not shadow any other Python module.
The reasoning is that it masks the actual datetime module, since files/directories/modules in the current working directory have precedence over the modules installed in the site-packages directory (in which the built-in and installed modules live). If both locations contain an a module then import a will import the local a module instead of the (probably) intended a module from site-packages.
When yaml\representer.py did import datetime it imported your datetime.py file/module which does not have a date attribute, which is why an AttributeError was raised when it later tried to use datetime.date.
I'm using the module subliminal to easily retrieve subtitles from the internet.
The CLI works perfectly, but I cannot import it as a module in a .py file.
The simplest code ever:
import os
from subliminal import scan_videos
videos = scan_videos('./')
print(videos)
And I always have this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "subliminal.py", line 2, in <module>
from subliminal import scan_videos
File "/Users/louisbertin/Desktop/videos/subliminal.py", line 2, in <module>
from subliminal import scan_videos
ImportError: cannot import name 'scan_videos' from 'subliminal'
I don't know what I'm doing wrong. I had copy-pasted the code from the documentation:
https://github.com/Diaoul/subliminal
Seems like you called your script subliminal.py, which makes Python find it instead of the installed module. Rename the script and you should be fine.
I have this project structure:
root_package/
root_package/packA/
root_package/packA/__init__.py (empty)
root_package/packA/moduleA.py
root_package/packB/__init__.py (empty)
root_package/packB/moduleB.py
root_package/rootModule.py
In the rootModule.py I have from packA.moduleA import ModuleAClass.
At the packA.moduleA.py I have this from root_package.packB.moduleB import ModuleBItem.
When running rootModule either via PyCharm or the terminal with python ./rootModule.py I am getting this error:
Was this the right way of importing?
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/project_dir/rootPackage/rootModule.py", line 7, in <module>
from packA.moduleA import ModuleAClass
File "/project_dir/rootPackage/packA/moduleA.py", line 8, in <module>
from rootPackage.packB.moduleB import module_b_method
File "/project_dir/rootPackage/rootModule.py", line 7, in <module>
from packA.wavelet_compression import WaveletCompression
ImportError: cannot import name WaveletCompression
How to solve this?
Update 1
I've added a test file at the project_folder (not the root_package folder).
So the current directory structure is this:
project_folder/
project_folder/root_package/
project_folder/root_package/packA/
project_folder/root_package/packA/__init__.py (empty)
project_folder/root_package/packA/moduleA.py
project_folder/root_package/packB/__init__.py (empty)
project_folder/root_package/packB/moduleB.py
project_folder/root_package/rootModule.py
project_folder/test_rootModule.py
I haven't made the project_folder a package (no __init__.py file) since, the test_rootModule is simply a script to help me run the experiments.
So, in root_package/packA/moduleA.py, after changing the from root_package.packB.moduleB import ModuleBitem, to from packB.moduleB import ModuleBitem, as the answer suggests, it works.
But now there are two problems:
1. PyCharm doesn't agree with the change:
I cannot run my experiments from the project_folder/test_rootModule.py script.
I got this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "project_folder/test_rootModule.py", line 8, in
from root_package.rootModule import rootModuleClass
File "project_folder/root_package/rootModule.py", line 7, in
from packA.moduleA import ModuleAClass
File "project_folder/root_package/packA/moduleA.py", line 8, in
from packB.moduleB import module_b_item
ImportError: No module named packB.moduleB
I cannot seem to get the 2nd Traceback to look like a code segment.
Update 2
What solved the problem was going to the Project: project_name > Project Structure dialog in PyCharm, selecting the root_package and then setting it as a Sources folder.
Now, I can run via the IDE both the rootModule and the test_rootModule.
Although, I cannot get to run the test_rootModule from the terminal.
The test_rootModule has these imports:
from root_package.rootModule import RootModuleClass
from root_package.packB.moduleB import module_b_item
I am at the project_folder dir, and run python ./test_rootModule.py and get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./test_rootModule.py", line 8, in <module>
from root_package.rootModule import RootModuleClass
File "project_folder/root_package/rootModule.py", line 7, in <module>
from packA.moduleA import ModuleAClass
File "project_folder/root_package/packA/moduleA.py", line 8, in <module>
from packB.moduleB import module_b_item
ImportError: No module named packB.moduleB
If you are running all your code from within this path:
project_folder
Then you should ensure that all your modules that reside in root_package are referenced by that first. So for example:
from root_package.modA import foo
In my working folder I have a file called exceptions.py, which contains only:
class ParseException(Exception):
pass
class QueryException(Exception):
pass
In the same folder I have a file, lets call it my_script.py
In my_script.py, when I do from exceptions import ParseException I get an error:
ImportError: cannot import name ParseException
I cannot figure out what's going on here. I've never seen this error before, and when I looked it up I mainly see problems with circular dependencies, but I don't have any here...
There is the exceptions module in your Python library which doesn't have the methods/classes you're trying to import. Change your file name to something different and it'll work.
Try the following yourself
>>> import exceptions
# Works OK
>>> from exceptions import ParseException
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: cannot import name ParseException
>>> from exceptions import ImportError # Works OK too