How can I print path outside function:
class FirstClas:
path = ''
def num(self):
path = "C:\\Users\\JOHN\\Desktop\\test.txt"
return path
print(path)
This method don't print anything.
This result:
C:\Python\python.exe C:/Users/JOHN/Desktop/test/tt.py
Process finished with exit code 0
You need to create an instance from the class that you created.
I would suggest doing this:
test = FirstClas()
print(test.num())
Hope this helps
Your method never gets called, and the class variable path is pointless here. Do:
class FirstClas:
def num(self):
path = "C:\\Users\\JOHN\\Desktop\\test.txt"
return path
print(FirstClas().num()) # note that this is outside the class!
I don't think you quite understand the purpose of classes, but here's how to make what you have "work" (in the sense that there are no fatal errors):
File global_variable.py
def init_global_variable():
"""initialize variable"""
global GLOBALS_DICT
GLOBALS_DICT = {}
def set_variable(name, value):
"""set variable"""
try:
GLOBALS_DICT[name] = value
return True
except KeyError:
return False
def get_variable(name):
"""get variable"""
try:
return GLOBALS_DICT[name]
except KeyError:
return "Not Found"
init_global_variable() # ADDED.
File tt.py
import os
#import lib.global_variable as glv
import global_variable as glv # Since I don't have your whole package.
class FirstClas:
def num(self):
path = "C:\\Users\\JOHN\\Desktop\\test.txt"
return path
def imag(self):
icon_file = os.path.join(
glv.get_variable("APP_PATH"),
glv.get_variable("DATA_DIR"),
"paths",
"PathExcel",
)
return icon_file
class Second:
# Put statements in a method so they don't run when the class is defined.
def run(self):
test = FirstClas()
print('first: ' + test.num())
print('second: ' + test.imag())
second = Second()
second.run()
Output:
first: C:\Users\JOHN\Desktop\test.txt
second: Not Found\Not Found\paths\PathExcel
the path does not changed(path = ' ') because you don't run the function num
Related
So I have
# my decorator factory
def execute_in(directory): # <-- I want this to be a variable's value which can change
def decorator(function):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
os.chdir(directory)
print(directory) # currently is printing None which is my problem
value = function(*args, **kwargs)
os.chdir(home_dir)
return value
return wrapper
return decorator
and
# a function that runs after assigning General.archive_dir a value
#execute_in(General.archive_dir)
def get_data():
print(General.archive_dir) # will print the correct directory name
with open('data.csv', 'r') as f:
rows = [row for row in csv.reader(f, delimiter=',')]
return rows
My problem is that the decorator factory is using the value of the variable General.archive_dir instantiated at program start when its value is None. I want it to use the value of General.archive_dir at the time the decorated function is called. How can I do this?
I apologize if this question is unclear. If you can, please let me know how I can clarify it if needed.
One solution is calling #execute_in with a lambda.
directory inside wrapper would become a function that, when called, returns the current value.
archive_dir = None
# decorator factory
def execute_in(directory_path_getter):
def decorator(function):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print('from wrapper:', directory_path_getter()) # Notice the function call
value = function(*args, **kwargs)
return value
return wrapper
return decorator
#execute_in(lambda: archive_dir)
def get_data():
...
archive_dir = 'some directory'
print(get_data())
Prints:
from wrapper: some directory
from get_data: some directory
['some data']
If a decorator isn't strictly required, a context manager can also fulfill the task of temporarily changing directories.
import os
from contextlib import contextmanager
#contextmanager
def execute_in(directory):
orig_dir = os.getcwd()
os.chdir(directory)
try:
yield
finally:
os.chdir(orig_dir)
Using a context manager would allow for changing directories many times in one method, and can be nested.
settings = {
'archive_dir': './dir'
}
def get_data():
print(os.getcwd())
with execute_in(settings['archive_dir']):
print(' ' + os.getcwd())
with execute_in('bin'):
print(' ' + os.getcwd())
print(' ' + os.getcwd())
print(os.getcwd())
And when we run it
>>> get_data()
/home/they4kman/.PyCharm2019.2/config/scratches
/home/they4kman/.PyCharm2019.2/config/scratches/dir
/home/they4kman/.PyCharm2019.2/config/scratches/dir/bin
/home/they4kman/.PyCharm2019.2/config/scratches/dir
/home/they4kman/.PyCharm2019.2/config/scratches
I wanted to run code placed inside of thing.process upon when I hit the command.processCommand object (when i'm looping through all of the commands placed inside of defined[]), is there a way I can achieve this? This aforementioned loop will be executed as is such in myproject.py
command.py
class Command:
global defined
defined = []
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.description = "This command lacks a description"
self.args = ""
self.process = None
defined.append(self)
eightball.py
def processCommand():
print('hello')
thing = commands.Command('8ball')
thing.description = "Gives you a response from the mighty 8ball."
thing.process = processCommand
myproject.py
# Cogs
import cogs.commands as commands
import cogs.eightball
import cogs.helloworld
def processCommands(message):
if(message.content[:2] == "b#"):
args = message.content.split(' ')
args[0] = args[0][2:]
for command in defined:
if args[0] == command.name:
command.args = args
command.processCommand
for x in defined:
if x.process: # to skip `self.process = None`
x.process()
EDIT: you need process() instead of processCommand
for command in defined:
if args[0] == command.name:
command.args = args
command.process()
I have these two functions:
def check_channel_number(self):
print "***************Channel Checker *********************"
print ''
user_channel_number = int(re.sub('\D', '', raw_input("Enter a channel number, (3digit): "))[:3]);
channel = ("channelNr= '%d'") % (user_channel_number)
print channel
# channel_search = channel + str(user_channel_number)
datafile = file('output.txt')
found = False
for line in datafile:
if channel in line:
found = True
print 'The channel number you entered is correct and will be deleted'
return user_channel_number
print 'The channel number you entered is not on the planner'
return False
and
def delete_events(self):
if user_channel_number == True:
return 'The program number is correct and will be deleted'
# action = 'DeleteEvent'
menu_action = 'all'
book = 'RECYC:687869882'
arg_list = [('C:\\Users\\yke01\\Documents\\StormTest\\Scripts\\Completed'
'\\Utils\\UPNP_Client_Cmd_Line.py')]
arg_list.append(' --action=')
arg_list.append(action)
arg_list.append(' --ip=')
arg_list.append('10.10.8.89')
arg_list.append(' --objectId=')
arg_list.append(book)
subprocess.call(["python", arg_list])
print 'The program deleted successfully'
When I run my script, it says that user_channel_number is not defined globally. How can I use user_channel_number inside the delete_events function?
When you define a variable inside of a function, it is a local variable, meaning that it can only be accessed within that function.
Within a Class
It looks like you're inside a class, so you can make the variable accessible to all methods in the class by defining it like this:
def check_channel_number(self):
self.user_channel_number = ...
And then in your second function, you can use it like the following:
def delete_events(self):
if self.user_channel_number:
Outside of a class
If you aren't using methods inside of a class, you can instead use the global builtin.
For example,
def check_channel_number():
global user_channel_number
user_channel_number = ...
def delete_events():
if user_channel_number:
...
Using a value returned from a function
Instead in your first function, check_channel_number(), you can have it return user_channel_number. You can then call that function inside of delete_events(), like the following:
def check_channel_number():
user_channel_number = ...
return user_channel_number
def delete_events():
if check_channel_number():
...
Functions can not share their local variables. You can return the value from the first and pass it to the second:
def check_channel_number(self):
...
return user_channel_number
def delete_events(self):
user_channel_number = self.check_channel_number()
...
Or save value on the object:
def check_channel_number(self):
...
self.user_channel_number = user_channel_number
...
def delete_events(self):
if self.user_channel_number:
....
So I think when you call the check_channel_number function, user_channel_number is defined in there, so when you call delete_events, it has gone out of scope, maybe something like this would help?
user_channel_number = check_channel_number()
delete_events()
I'd probably have the user_channel_number as an input to the delete function too, so it would turn into this: (where ucn is the user_channel_number)
def delete_events(self, ucn):
if ucn == True:
print 'The program number is correct and will be deleted'
# action = 'DeleteEvent'
menu_action = 'all'
book = 'RECYC:687869882'
arg_list = [('C:\\Users\\yke01\\Documents\\StormTest\\Scripts\\Completed'
'\\Utils\\UPNP_Client_Cmd_Line.py')]
arg_list.append(' --action=')
arg_list.append(action)
arg_list.append(' --ip=')
arg_list.append('10.10.8.89')
arg_list.append(' --objectId=')
arg_list.append(book)
subprocess.call(["python", arg_list])
print 'The program deleted successfully'
I have also changed `return 'The program number is correct and will be deleted'' to a print statement as I have a feeling the return would end the function before the other lines of code would be run
So the code would probably end up being something like:
user_channel_number = check_channel_number()
delete_events(user_channel_number)
EDIT:
just noticed it looks like your functions are part of a class,
in that case, you could do:
self.ucn = self.check_channel_number()
self.delete_events(self.ucn)
(or if you dont want to pass the user_channel_number into the function you could change if user_channel_number: to if self. user_channel_number:
In playing with inspect and reading the other questions here, I still cannot figure out how to get the function object of the caller more cleanly than to load the module by its path and then find the function within that.
In other words, how would you complete the following so that caller() returns a method object?
import inspect
def caller():
frame = inspect.stack()[2]
code = frame[0]
path = frame[1]
line = frame[2]
name = frame[3] # function NAME string
# TODO: now what?
return func
def cry_wolf():
func = caller()
print "%s cried 'WOLF!'" % (func.__name__,)
def peter():
cry_wolf()
Remember, I already know the function name but what I'm trying to access is the function object that the calling code is running in. The result desired is:
peter cried 'WOLF!'
DONE! Thanks to user 61612, I have completed this code:
import imp, inspect, sys
def caller():
frame = inspect.stack()[2]
code = frame[0]
path = frame[1]
line = frame[2]
name = frame[3]
return code.f_globals[name]
def cry_wolf():
func = caller()
print "%s cried 'WOLF!'" % (func.__name__,)
def peter():
cry_wolf()
Awesome!
Frame objects have the f_globals attribute:
import inspect
def caller():
tup = inspect.stack()[2]
return tup[0].f_globals[tup[3]] # <function peter at address>
def cry_wolf():
func = caller()
print("%s cried 'WOLF!'" % (func.__name__,)) # peter cried 'WOLF!'
def peter():
cry_wolf()
I want to test this method, however I would need to mock the variable dirContent
def imageFilePaths(paths):
imagesWithPath = []
for _path in paths:
try:
dirContent = os.listdir(_path)
except OSError:
raise OSError("Provided path '%s' doesn't exists." % _path)
for each in dirContent:
selFile = os.path.join(_path, each)
if os.path.isfile(selFile) and isExtensionSupported(selFile):
imagesWithPath.append(selFile)
return list(set(imagesWithPath))
how do I just mock a variable using mox ?
This is how I have however tried to mock os.listdir
def setUp(self):
self._filePaths = ["/test/file/path"]
self.mox = mox.Mox()
def test_imageFilePaths(self):
filePaths = self._filePaths[0]
self.mox.StubOutWithMock(os,'listdir')
dirContent = os.listdir(filePaths).AndReturn(['file1.jpg','file2.PNG','file3.png'])
self.mox.ReplayAll()
utils.imageFilePaths(filePaths)
self.mox.VerifyAll()
also tried this way
def test_imageFilePaths(self):
filePaths = self._filePaths
os = self.mox.CreateMock('os')
os.listdir = self.mox.CreateMock(os)
dirContent = os.listdir(filePaths).AndReturn(['file1.jpg','file2.PNG','file3.png'])
self.mox.ReplayAll()
lst = utils.imageFilePaths(filePaths)
# self.assertEquals('/test/file/path/file1.jpg', lst[0])
self.mox.VerifyAll()
but the call to method being tested doesn't recognizes the mocked discontent
Typically you would not mock a variable, but instead mock the function call used to set that variable's value. In your example, for instance, you'd mock out os.listdir and have it return a mock value.
# Your test file
import os
class YourTest(...):
def setUp(self):
self.mox = mox.Mox()
def tearDown(self):
self.mox.UnsetStubs()
# Your test
def testFoo(self):
self.mox.StubOutWithMock(os, 'listdir')
# the calls you expect to listdir, and what they should return
os.listdir("some path").AndReturn([...])
self.mox.ReplayAll()
# ... the rest of your test