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In Robot Framework, can you create one resource object as with libraries?

In robot framework you can create an object from a library. Directly from the documentation, it looks like this.
*** Settings ***
Library com.company.TestLib WITH NAME TestLib
My question is can you do the same thing with a resource file? I have been trying to create a
keyword python file with instance variables that store the test start time and test name. I use the test name and time as a unique ID in a JavaScript data file for the web. I saw both values reverting to the default 'blank' and decided to insert some print statements about an instance ID variable. This was the result.
var testRuns = {};
testRuns['Test Site 2 2021-12-09 02:09:19.849706']=[];***ID79
testRuns['blank'].push({Case: 'Just Proving the Point.txt', Step: 'Verify Menu HTML', Time: '18970 days, 7:09:19.889702', Status: 'PASS***ID0', Details: 'Actual: Content, Expected: Content'});***ID0
testRuns['blank'].push({Case: 'Find Content Menu.txt', Step: 'Verify Menu HTML', Time: '18970 days, 7:09:19.919697', Status: 'PASS***ID34', Details: 'Actual: Content, Expected: Content'});***ID34
The randomly generated ID is created at construction of the python class (below). Each line in the output has the ID tacked on and you can see that they are different. Each one appears to be an entirely new instance of python class created in the resource file.
class kw_DataExtraction:
def __init__(self, primaryFile=defaultFile, secondaryFile=defaultSecondaryFile):
self.dataFile = primaryFile
self.otherFile = secondaryFile
self.currentTestName = "blank"
self.testCaseStart = datetime.fromtimestamp(0)
self.myID = random.randint(0,100)
So, I tried something like the below and it is apparently not legal syntax. Is there a way to instantiate the resources just once and consistently use it?
Resource ./../OQE/DataExtraction.resource WITH NAME dEx

Okay. Thanks to #Dev for helping to clarify the question. The issue here is an aspect of Robot Framework that I wouldn't have considered. This led me to a very good answer related to state How to Preserve Object state in Robot Framework. After some investigation, I was able to successfully solve my problem and the full explanation is below.
From the RF documentation http://robotframework.org/robotframework/latest/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html#test-library-scope
"Because the state can affect how keywords actually behave, it is important to make sure that changes in one test case do not accidentally affect other test cases. These kind of dependencies may create hard-to-debug problems, for example, when new test cases are added and they use the library inconsistently. Robot Framework attempts to keep test cases independent from each other: by default, it creates new instances of test libraries for every test case."
In other words, it is a design decision that RF should have fresh state for all test cases. The behavior I was seeing was a direct result of that design decision.
In my case, I am using "test case" as steps within a whole task, what the documentation calls Robot Process Automation (RPA) http://robotframework.org/robotframework/latest/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html#rpa. So in my work I want to designate the Python class with a more permanent state. To do that I add the ROBOT_LIBRARY_SCOPE variable to the class.
class kw_DataExtraction:
ROBOT_LIBRARY_SCOPE = 'SUITE'
With that in place I reran my test and the output shows the same ID number at the end and the right test case name is preserved. Mystery solved.
var testRuns = {};
testRuns['Test Site 2 2021-12-09 12:13:25.780586']=[];***ID56
testRuns['Test Site 2 2021-12-09 12:13:25.780586'].push({Case: 'Just Proving the Point.txt', Step: 'Verify Menu HTML', Time: '0:00:00.039995', Status: 'PASS***ID56', Details: 'Actual: Content, Expected: Content'});***ID56
testRuns['Test Site 2 2021-12-09 12:13:25.780586'].push({Case: 'Find Content Menu.txt', Step: 'Verify Menu HTML', Time: '0:00:00.070994', Status: 'PASS***ID56', Details: 'Actual: Content, Expected: Content'});***ID56
TL;DR; You cannot create just one library object by default. Default behavior in RF is to create a new instance for each test case. Add ROBOT_LIBRARY_SCOPE to any Python library to adjust the longevity of that class with respect to test cases.

How to correctly pass (mutable) objects using ROS-SMACH FSM

I've been struggling with this question for a while now. My question is very specific so please don't post a link to the ROS-tutorial page with the "!Note:" paragraph showing how to pass mutable objects (unless you show me something I have missed). I would like to know if anyone has been able to correctly pass mutable objects back and forth in SMACH states, without encountering any errors.
I wrote a particularly simple and useless program to explain what I am attempting to do. I could post the code of this example (unfortunately however, not surprisingly to those that have used SMACH before, it is a long piece of code). So for now I will just try my best to explain it and include a [link] to an image of my example. I created two python scripts. Each script contains a single class and object of that class (with some basic methods). I create a publisher and subscriber in each script, one of the scripts sends messages (talks) while the other script listens to (hears) the messages. At the end the talker flags both FSMs to shutdown. If anyone would like the full code example let me know...
Code snippet below showing smach states and transitions:
# begin sm
with sm:
smach.StateMachine.add('LOAD', loadFSM(),
transitions={'LOADED':'SENDMSG'})
smach.StateMachine.add('SENDMSG', startMSG(),
transitions={'SENT':'SENDMSG',
'ENDING':'END'})
smach.StateMachine.add('END', stopFSM(),
transitions={'DONE':'complete',
'ERRED':'incomplete'})
Code snippet below showing a smach state (loadFSM):
class loadFSM(smach.State):
def __init__(self):
smach.State.__init__(self, outcomes=['LOADED'],
output_keys=['talker_obj'],
input_keys=['talker_obj'])
# Initialise our talker object
self.talker = Talk()
def execute(self, userdata):
rospy.loginfo("talker state: Loading fsm")
self.talker.init_publish()
self.talker.init_subscribe()
userdata.talker_obj = self.talker
return 'LOADED'
The errors I receive (using Ubuntu 14.04, ROS indigo and python 2.7, not too sure but I believe the same errors occur in kinetic as well) only occur during state transitions and of course the introspective server does not work (does not show state transitions). The errors are;
1. "Exception in thread sm_introViewer:status_publisher:"
2. "Could not execute transition callback: Traceback (most recent call
last): File
"/opt/ros/indigo/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/smach/container.py",
line 175, in call_transition_cbs cb(self.userdata,
self.get_active_states(), *args)"
I also need to add, that my simple finite state machine example actually works and completes successfully, even my project's 2 larger FSMs complete. However, when the FSM has many states like in my project, sometimes my simulations fail. I would like to know from anyone who has used SMACH extensively if they think these errors are the cause or if they know for a fact that I am not passing the object correctly between states.
Thanks in Advance,
Tiz

I had similar problems in the past. If I remember correctly, userdata can only handle basic types (int, string, list, dict, ...) but not arbitrary objects.
I solved it by passing the objects to the constructor of state classes, instead of using the userdata, i.e. something like:
class myState(smach.State):
def __init__(self, obj):
smach.State.__init__(self, outcomes=['foo'], ...)
self.obj = obj
...
and then initialize like follows:
obj = SomeClass()
with sm:
smach.StateMachine.add('MY_STATE', myState(obj),
transitions={'foo':'bar'})
It is not so nice as it circumvents the userdata concept but it works.

Pygtk object uninitialized

Hi during the creation of multiple objects in pygtk application, calling some of these object return that they are uninitialised when passing there contents to signals (noting the value are showen correctly in the application)
sections = config.sections()
for section in sections:
box= gtk.Table (3,len(config.options(section)),False)
box.set_col_spacings(2)
box.set_row_spacings(2)
box.show()
label = gtk.Label(section)
label.show()
notebook.append_page (box,label)
for i,option in enumerate(config.options(section)):
optionlabel = gtk.Label(option)
optionvalue = gtk.Entry ()
optionvalue.set_text(config.get(section,option))
--> optionvalue.connect("activate", enter_callback,optionvalue, label, optionlabel)
box.attach(optionlabel,0,1,i,i+1,xoptions=gtk.SHRINK|gtk.FILL,yoptions=gtk.SHRINK)
box.attach(optionvalue,1,2,i,i+1,yoptions=gtk.SHRINK)
box.show_all()
at first I thought that the variables are not in scope but they were ( I've tested several objects and found them working the last 3 lines
Linuxcnc ini.py:70: GtkWarning: IA__gtk_entry_get_text: assertion "GTK_IS_ENTRY (entry) failed
print (widget.get_text())
None
<gtk.Label object at 0x9f44a54 (uninitialized at 0x0)>
<gtk.Label object at 0x9f44c0c (uninitialized at 0x0)>
0
<gtk.Label object at 0x9f4c8ec (GtkLabel at 0xa1a3350)>
<gtk.Label object at 0x9f4dc0c (GtkLabel at 0xa1a3450)>

For this one I think you may need to look in the Gtk system library itself.
(The source code that is used to produce ".so", ".dll" or ".dylib" file, that has the routines that your Python program is accessing).
You can look a the contents of such binary files with commands like "strings", "nm", and "objdump".
But based the nature of the error, it looks like the fix will be done in the source code of the library itself, not the Python program.
Sorry I cannot give more detail than that.

Using libsecret I can't get to the label of an unlocked item

I'm working on a little program that uses libsecret. This program should be able to create a Secret.Service...
from gi.repository import Secret
service = Secret.Service.get_sync(Secret.ServiceFlags.LOAD_COLLECTIONS)
... get a specific Collection from that Service...
# 2 is the index of a custom collection I created, not the default one.
collection = service.get_collections()[2]
... and then list all the Items inside that Collection, this by just printing their labels.
# I'm just printing a single label here for testing, I'd need all of course.
print(collection.get_items()[0].get_label())
An important detail is that the Collecction may initially be locked, and so I need to include code that checks for that possibility, and tries to unlock the Collection.
# The unlock method returns a tuple (number_of_objs_unlocked, [list_of_objs])
collection = service.unlock_sync([collection])[1][0]
This is important because the code I currently have can do all I need when the Collection is initially unlocked. However if the Collection is initially locked, even after I unlock it, I can't get the labels from the Items inside. What I can do is disconnect() the Service, recreate the Service again, get the now unlocked Collection, and this way I am able to read the label on each Item. Another interesting detail is that, after the labels are read once, I no longer required the Service reconnection to access them. This seems quite inelegant, so I started looking for a different solution.
I realized that the Collection inherited from Gio.DBusProxy and this class caches the data from the object it accesses. So I'm assuming that is the problem for me, I'm not updating the cache. This is strange though because the documentation states that Gio.DBusProxy should be able to detect changes on the original object, but that's not happening.
Now I don't know how to update the cache on that class. I've taken a look at some seahorse(another application that uses libsecret) vala code, which I wasn't able to completely decipher, I can't code vala, but that mentioned the Object.emit() method, I'm still not sure how I could use that method to achieve my goal. From the documentation(https://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Secret-1/#) I found another promising method, Object.notify(), which seems to be able to send notifications of changes that would enable cache updates, but I also haven't been able to properly use it yet.
I also posted on the gnome-keyring mailing list about this...
https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-keyring-list/2015-November/msg00000.html
... with no answer so far, and found a bugzilla report on gnome.org that mentions this issue...
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=747359
... with no solution so far(7 months) either.
So if someone could shine some light on this problem that would be great. Otherwise some inelegant code will unfortunately find it's way into my little program.
Edit-0:
Here is some code to replicate the issue in Python3.
This snippet creates a collection 'test_col', with one item 'test_item', and locks the collection. Note libsecret will prompt you for the password you want for this new collection:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gi import require_version
require_version('Secret', '1')
from gi.repository import Secret
# Create schema
args = ['com.idlecore.test.schema']
args += [Secret.SchemaFlags.NONE]
args += [{'service': Secret.SchemaAttributeType.STRING,
'username': Secret.SchemaAttributeType.STRING}]
schema = Secret.Schema.new(*args)
# Create 'test_col' collection
flags = Secret.CollectionCreateFlags.COLLECTION_CREATE_NONE
collection = Secret.Collection.create_sync(None, 'test_col', None, flags, None)
# Create item 'test_item' inside collection 'test_col'
attributes = {'service': 'stackoverflow', 'username': 'xor'}
password = 'password123'
value = Secret.Value(password, len(password), 'text/plain')
flags = Secret.ItemCreateFlags.NONE
Secret.Item.create_sync(collection, schema, attributes,
'test_item', value, flags, None)
# Lock collection
service = collection.get_service()
service.lock_sync([collection])
Then we need to restart the gnome-keyring-daemon, you can just logout and back in or use the command line:
gnome-keyrin-daemon --replace
This will setup your keyring so we can try opening a collection that is initially locked. We can do that with this code snippet. Note that you will be prompted once again for the password you set previously:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from gi import require_version
require_version('Secret', '1')
from gi.repository import Secret
# Get the service
service = Secret.Service.get_sync(Secret.ServiceFlags.LOAD_COLLECTIONS)
# Find the correct collection
for c in service.get_collections():
if c.get_label() == 'test_col':
collection = c
break
# Unlock the collection and show the item label, note that it's empty.
collection = service.unlock_sync([collection])[1][0]
print('Item Label:', collection.get_items()[0].get_label())
# Do the same thing again, and it works.
# It's necessary to disconnect the service to clear the cache,
# Otherwise we keep getting the same empty label.
service.disconnect()
# Get the service
service = Secret.Service.get_sync(Secret.ServiceFlags.LOAD_COLLECTIONS)
# Find the correct collection
for c in service.get_collections():
if c.get_label() == 'test_col':
collection = c
break
# No need to unlock again, just show the item label
print('Item Label:', collection.get_items()[0].get_label())
This code attempts to read the item label twice. One the normal way, which fails, you should see an empty string, and then using a workaround, that disconnects the service and reconnects again.

I came across this question while trying to update a script I use to retrieve passwords from my desktop on my laptop, and vice versa.
The clue was in the documentation for Secret.ServiceFlags—there are two:
OPEN_SESSION = 2
establish a session for transfer of secrets while initializing the Secret.Service
LOAD_COLLECTIONS = 4
load collections while initializing the Secret.Service
I think for a Service that both loads collections and allows transfer of secrets (including item labels) from those collections, we need to use both flags.
The following code (similar to your mailing list post, but without a temporary collection set up for debugging) seems to work. It gives me the label of an item:
from gi.repository import Secret
service = Secret.Service.get_sync(Secret.ServiceFlags.OPEN_SESSION |
Secret.ServiceFlags.LOAD_COLLECTIONS)
collections = service.get_collections()
unlocked_collection = service.unlock_sync([collections[0]], None)[1][0]
unlocked_collection.get_items()[0].get_label()

I have been doing this
print(collection.get_locked())
if collection.get_locked():
service.unlock_sync(collection)
Don't know if it is going to work though because I have never hit a case where I have something that is locked. If you have a piece of sample code where I can create a locked instance of a collection then maybe I can help

python drag drop init issues

I'm confused as to how I would implement a drag and drop ability for a window and then have the url appear in the textbox.
I've updated where I am stuck at
class controller(NSWindow):
#File to encode or decode
form_file = IBOutlet()
mainWindow = IBOutlet()
#drag and drop ability
def awakeFromNib(self):
self.registerForDraggedTypes_([NSFilenamesPboardType, None])
print 'registerd drag type'
def draggingEntered_(self, sender):
print 'dragging entered doctor who'
pboard = sender.draggingPasteboard()
types = pboard.types()
opType = NSDragOperationNone
if NSFilenamesPboardType in types:
opType = NSDragOperationCopy
return opType
def performDragOperation_(self,sender):
print 'preform drag operation'
pboard = sender.draggingPasteboard()
successful = False
if NSFilenamesPboardType in pboard.types():
print 'my actions finally working'
fileAStr = pboard.propertyListForType_(NSFilenamesPboardType)[0]
print type(fileAStr.encode('utf-8'))
successful = True
print self.form_file
return successful
I can drop the file but I am unable to refrence the form_file outlet from inside of the performDragOperation function. As you can see I am attempting to print it but it returns a NoneType error.
(reason '<type 'exceptions.TypeError'>: 'NoneType' object is not callable') was raised during a dragging session

I believe your problem here was that something earlier in the Responder Chain was handling -[draggingEntered:] and rejecting the drag, before your window could get to it.
For a typical AppKit app, before getting to the window, an action message goes to the First Responder from the NIB, and anything hooked onto the back of it, then the innermost view and its delegate, then all of its ancestor views and their delegates. So if, for example, you have a text edit view that handles drag messages, and you drag over that view, the window won't see it.
Anyway, there are lots of ways to debug this, but the simplest one is to just have each method iterate the nextResponder() chain from self, printing (or logging.logging or NSLogging) the result. Then you can see who you're blocking.
Since there were a bunch of other issues we talked about in the comments, I'm not sure if this was the one that actually solved your problem. But one thing in particular to bring up:
I don't think PyObjC was part of the problem here. When the Cocoa runtime sends an ObjC message like -[draggingEntered:] to a PyObjC object, the PyObjC runtime handles that by looking for a draggingEntered_ method and converting it magically. (Well, I say magic, but it's simple science. Also, because it's sonic, it doesn't do wood.) You need #IBAction in the same places an ObjC program would need (IBAction), which are documented pretty well in the Cocoa documentation.
Meanwhile, one general-purpose debugging tip for PyObjC code (or just about any other event-loop-based or otherwise non-linear code). When you get an error like this:
(reason '<type 'exceptions.TypeError'>: 'NoneType' object is not callable') was raised during a dragging session
It's hard to figure out what exactly went wrong. But you can handle the exception inside the function that raised, and get all the information you want. You can wrap a try/except around each line to figure out which line raised, you can print the whole traceback instead of just the summary, etc.