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How can I Display data of Model field last_bid(Foreign Key) to template

I am working on an Auction website using Django. I am trying to display data of the Last_bid field which is connected to Bid table with a foreign key. I tried many ways but nothing worked out.
The models.py file is:
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.base import Model
from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE
from django.db.models.fields import CharField
from django.utils import timezone
class User(AbstractUser):
pass
class Category(models.Model):
category = models.CharField(max_length=64)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.category}'
class AuctionListing(models.Model):
item_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
item_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="products", null=True, blank=True)
detail = models.TextField()
price = models.IntegerField()
last_bid = models.ForeignKey('Bid', on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True, related_name='lst')
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='publisher_listing', null=True, blank=True)
watchers = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True, related_name='watched_list')
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True)
deadline = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
list_category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, related_name='sortion')
closed = models.BooleanField(default=False)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.item_name} - {self.price}'
class Bid(models.Model):
bid = models.IntegerField()
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=CASCADE)
auction = models.ForeignKey(AuctionListing, on_delete=CASCADE)
bid_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.bid}-{self.auction}'
class Comment(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=CASCADE)
com = models.TextField()
pub_date = models.DateField()
com_item = models.ForeignKey(AuctionListing, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='get_comment')
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.user} - {self.pub_date}'
Views.py:
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
# from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.db import IntegrityError, reset_queries
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import redirect, render
from django.urls import reverse
from django.forms import ModelForm
from .models import *
def index(request):
active_list = AuctionListing.objects.all().order_by('id').reverse()
return render(request, "auctions/index.html", {'active_list': active_list })
def login_view(request):
if request.method == "POST":
# Attempt to sign user in
username = request.POST["username"]
password = request.POST["password"]
user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
# Check if authentication successful
if user is not None:
login(request, user)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))
else:
return render(request, "auctions/login.html", {
"message": "Invalid username and/or password."
})
else:
return render(request, "auctions/login.html")
def logout_view(request):
logout(request)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))
def register(request):
if request.method == "POST":
username = request.POST["username"]
email = request.POST["email"]
# Ensure password matches confirmation
password = request.POST["password"]
confirmation = request.POST["confirmation"]
if password != confirmation:
return render(request, "auctions/register.html", {
"message": "Passwords must match."
})
# Attempt to create new user
try:
user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password)
user.save()
except IntegrityError:
return render(request, "auctions/register.html", {
"message": "Username already taken."
})
login(request, user)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))
else:
return render(request, "auctions/register.html")
class CreateForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = AuctionListing
fields = ['item_name', 'item_image', 'detail', 'price', 'deadline', 'list_category']
def create_listing(request):
user = request.user
if user.id is None:
return redirect('login')
if request.method == 'GET':
context = {
'form': CreateForm()
}
return render(request, 'auctions/create_listing.html', context)
else:
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CreateForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)
if form.is_valid():
item_name = form.cleaned_data['item_name']
item_image = form.cleaned_data['item_image']
detail = form.cleaned_data['detail']
price = form.cleaned_data['price']
deadline = form.cleaned_data['deadline']
list_category = form.cleaned_data['list_category']
listing_created = AuctionListing.objects.create(
item_name = item_name,
item_image = item_image,
detail = detail,
price = price,
deadline = deadline,
list_category = list_category,
user = request.user,
)
listing_created.save()
return redirect('index')
def listing(request, pk):
user = request.user
list = AuctionListing.objects.get(id=pk)
if request.method == 'POST':
bid = request.POST.get('placebid')
user = request.user
form = Bid(bid=bid, user=user, auction=list)
form.save()
return render(request, 'auctions/listing.html', {'list': list})
The index.html is:
{% extends "auctions/layout.html" %}
{% block body %}
<h2>Active Listings</h2>
{% for each in active_list %}
<div class="back">
<div class="imag">
<img src="{{ each.item_image.url }}" alt="">
</div>
<div class="detail">
<h1>{{ each.item_name }}</h1>
<h6>Published by: <span>{{ each.user }}</span></h6>
{% if each.last_bid %}
<p>Current Bid: <span>{{ each.last_bid.bid }} </span></p>
{% else %}
<p>Current Bid: <span>{{ each.price }} </span></p>
{% endif %}
<p>Published date: <span>{{ each.pub_date }}</span></p>
<p>DeadLine: <span>{{ each.deadline }}</span></p>
<div class="bid-detail">
<p>Initial Price: {{ each.price }}</p>
<p>Watchers: 10</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
I want to display the last_bid in index.html but I was not able to. Please help me with this problem. I will be thankful to you.

How to show all fields values of a model from a form in Django?

I'm making a page to edit the user's account. The new values are saving with no problems, but I can't show the current values of the fields in the form (using forms.ModelForm).
forms.py:
class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name')
class UsuarioForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = USUARIO
fields = ('cpfCnpj', 'dataNascimento', 'telefone', 'receberNotificacoes', 'tipoUsuario' )
views.py:
#login_required
#transaction.atomic
def modificar_cadastro(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user_form = UserForm(request.POST, instance=request.user)
usuario_form = UsuarioForm(request.POST, instance=request.user.usuario)
if usuario_form.is_valid() and user_form.is_valid():
user_form.save()
usuario_form.save()
return render(request, 'index.html')
else:
messages.error(request, ('Please correct the error below.'))
else:
usuario_form = UsuarioForm(instance=request.user)
user_form = UserForm(instance=request.user.usuario)
return render(request, 'modificar-cadastro.html', {
'usuario_form': usuario_form,
'user_form': user_form,
})
template:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load crispy_forms_tags %}
{% block conteudo %}
<h2>Modificar cadastro</h2>
<form method="POST" class="post-form">{% csrf_token %}
{{ user_form|crispy }}
{{ usuario_form|crispy }}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-dark">Save</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}
models.py:
class USUARIO(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=CASCADE)
tipoUsuario = models.IntegerField(choices=TIPOS_USUARIO, default=1)
cpfCnpj = models.CharField(max_length=11, blank=False, null=True, verbose_name='CPF')
dataNascimento = models.DateField(blank=False, null=True, verbose_name='Data de nascimento')
telefone = models.CharField(max_length=11, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='Número de telefone')
pontuacao = models.DecimalField(max_digits=30, decimal_places=15, blank=True, null=True)
receberNotificacoes = models.BooleanField(default=False)
What do i need to do to the current values to be displayed on my form?

You are swapping the instance=s. You provided the usario_form the user object, and the user_form the usario object. You need to do the opposite:
def modificar_cadastro(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
# …
else:
# not request.user ↓
usuario_form = UsuarioForm(instance=request.user.usuario)
# not request.user.usario ↓
user_form = UserForm(instance=request.user)
# …

Form is not saving in database when submitted

I am working on a project on Django, where user can input values on form and submit using POST request. When form is submitted, datas are not saved in database. How do I implement save data when form is submitted.
Models:
class DataInfo(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
beneficiary_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True)
beneficiary_bank_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True)
beneficiary_account_no = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True)
beneficiary_iban = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True)
beneficiary_routing_no = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True)
amount = models.IntegerField(blank=True)
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'DataInfo'
verbose_name_plural = 'DataInfo'
ordering = ['-date']
'''Method to filter database results'''
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
Views:
#login_required
def TransferView(request):
form = DataForm(request.POST)
if request.method == "POST":
if form.is_valid():
pp = form.save(commit=False)
pp.user = request.user
pp.save()
return redirect('site:transfer_cot')
else:
form = DataForm()
context = {
'form':form
}
return render(request, 'transfer.html', context)
Forms:
class DataForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = DataInfo
fields = ('beneficiary_name', 'beneficiary_bank_name', 'beneficiary_account_no', 'beneficiary_iban', 'beneficiary_routing_no', 'amount')
Template:
<form method="POST" action="{% url 'site:transfer_cot' %}">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form }}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-secondary">Submit</button>
</form>

Exception Value: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'add', Categories name dont show up Django

Im trying to let user create a post and select a category, but when it selects a category and I post it, it gives me the error: Exception Value: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'add'.
If i go to my database, whatever I type, it is save except the category_id which is null.
This is my code
views.py:
#login_required(login_url='login')
def userposts_create_view(request):
form= UserPostForm(request.POST or None)
#print(request.POST)
if request.POST:# form.is_valid():
#data = form.cleaned_data
#print(data)
#categories = data.pop('categories', None)
categories = request.POST['categories']
content = request.POST['content']
title = request.POST['title']
public = False
if 'public' in request.POST and request.POST['public'] == 'on':
public = False
else:
public=True
#print(f"{categories}, {content}, {title}, {public}")
#user_post = UserPost.objects.create(**data, user=request.user)
user_post = UserPost.objects.create(content=content, title=title, public=public, user=request.user)#, categories=categories)
categories = Categories.objects.filter(name=Categories.name)
print(categories)
user_post.categories.get(categories)
return HttpResponseRedirect("/posted/")
context= {'form': form}
return render(request, 'posts/userposts-create-view.html', context)
#list view
#login_required(login_url='login')
def userposts_list_view(request):
allposts= UserPost.objects.all()
context= {'allposts': allposts,
}
return render(request, 'posts/userposts-list-view.html', context)
#detail view
#login_required(login_url='login')
def userposts_detail_view(request, id=None):
post= get_object_or_404(UserPost, id=id)
context= {'post': post,
}
return render(request, 'posts/userposts-detail-view.html', context)
I assume the error must be in the models but not sure...
Models.py
class Categories(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='Nombre')
def __str__(self):
return self.name
User= settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
class UserPost(models.Model):
user= models.ForeignKey(User, null=False, editable=False, verbose_name='Usuario', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
title= models.CharField(max_length=500, null=False)
content= models.TextField(null=False)
categories = models.ForeignKey(Categories, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
public = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='Privada?',default=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='Creado el ')
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='Actualizado el ')
def __str__(self):
return self.title + ' | ' + str(self.user)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(UserPost, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
Forms.py
from django import forms
from .models import UserPost
class UserPostForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model= UserPost
fields= ["title", "content","categories","public"]
create_view.html
{%extends 'layouts/layout.html'%}
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
{% block title %}
Post
{% endblock title %}
</head>
<body>
<h1>Create Post</h1>
{% block content %}
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="POST" action="">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Post"/>
</form>
{% endblock content %}
urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = [
path('articulos/', views.list, name = "list_articles"), #se utilizaria page para el menu
path('categoria/<int:category_id>', views.category, name="category"),
path('articulo/<int:article_id>', views.article, name="article"),
path('create/', views.userposts_create_view, name='create'),
path('posted/', views.userposts_list_view, name='list_view'),
path('posted/<int:id>', views.userposts_detail_view, name='one_posts'),
path('tus_ideas', views.index_page, name='tus_ideas')
]

please try this:
#login_required(login_url='login')
def userposts_create_view(request):
form= UserPostForm(request.POST or None)
if request.POST:
categories = request.POST['categories']
content = request.POST['content']
title = request.POST['title']
public = False
if 'public' in request.POST and request.POST['public'] == 'on':
public = False
else:
public=True
user_post = UserPost.objects.create(content=content, title=title, public=public, user=request.user,categories_id=categories)
return HttpResponseRedirect("/posted/")
context= {'form': form}
return render(request, 'posts/userposts-create-view.html', context)

user_post.categories.add(*categories) would work if categories is a ManyToMany field in your UserPost model whereas it it a ForeignKey in your code.
Change your categories fields to :
class UserPost(models.Model):
...
categories = models.ManyToManyField('Categories', null=True, blank=True)

django image upload forms

I am having problems with django forms and image uploads. I have googled, read the documentations and even questions ere, but cant figure out the issue. Here are my files
my models
class UserProfile(User):
"""user with app settings. """
DESIGNATION_CHOICES=(
('ADM', 'Administrator'),
('OFF', 'Club Official'),
('MEM', 'Ordinary Member'),
)
onames = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)
phoneNumber = models.CharField(max_length=15)
regNo = models.CharField(max_length=15)
designation = models.CharField(max_length=3,choices=DESIGNATION_CHOICES)
image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,upload_to='photos/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True, null=True)
course = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True, null=True)
timezone = models.CharField(max_length=50, default='Africa/Nairobi')
smsCom = models.BooleanField()
mailCom = models.BooleanField()
fbCom = models.BooleanField()
objects = UserManager()
#def __unicode__(self):
# return '%s %s ' % (User.Username, User.is_staff)
def get_absolute_url(self):
return u'%s%s/%s' % (settings.MEDIA_URL, settings.ATTACHMENT_FOLDER, self.id)
def get_download_url(self):
return u'%s%s/%s' % (settings.MEDIA_URL, settings.ATTACHMENT_FOLDER, self.name)
...
class reports(models.Model):
repID = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
repSubject = models.CharField(max_length=100)
repRecepients = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfile)
repPoster = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,related_name='repposter')
repDescription = models.TextField()
repPubAccess = models.BooleanField()
repDate = models.DateField()
report = models.FileField(max_length=200,upload_to='files/%Y/%m/%d' )
deleted = models.BooleanField()
def __unicode__(self):
return u'%s ' % (self.repSubject)
my forms
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse
from cms.models import *
from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
from django.forms.extras.widgets import SelectDateWidget
class UserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model= UserProfile
exclude = ('designation','password','is_staff', 'is_active','is_superuser','last_login','date_joined','user_permissions','groups')
...
class reportsForm(forms.ModelForm):
repPoster = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=UserProfile.objects.all(), widget=forms.HiddenInput())
repDescription = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols':'50', 'rows':'5'}),label='Enter Report Description here')
repDate = forms.DateField(widget=SelectDateWidget())
class Meta:
model = reports
exclude = ('deleted')
my views
#login_required
def reports_media(request):
user = UserProfile.objects.get(pk=request.session['_auth_user_id'])
if request.user.is_staff== True:
repmedform = reportsForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if repmedform.is_valid():
repmedform.save()
repmedform = reportsForm(initial = {'repPoster':user.id,})
else:
repmedform = reportsForm(initial = {'repPoster':user.id,})
return render_to_response('staffrepmedia.html', {'repfrm':repmedform, 'rep_media': reports.objects.all()})
else:
return render_to_response('reports_&_media.html', {'rep_media': reports.objects.all()})
...
#login_required
def settingchng(request):
user = UserProfile.objects.get(pk=request.session['_auth_user_id'])
form = UserProfileForm(instance = user)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserProfileForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance = user)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/settings/')
else:
form = UserProfileForm(instance = user)
if request.user.is_staff== True:
return render_to_response('staffsettingschange.html', {'form': form})
else:
return render_to_response('settingschange.html', {'form': form})
...
#login_required
def useradd(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserAddForm(request.POST,request.FILES )
if form.is_valid():
password = request.POST['password']
request.POST['password'] = set_password(password)
form.save()
else:
form = UserAddForm()
return render_to_response('staffadduser.html', {'form':form})
Example of my templates
{% if form.errors %}
<ol>
{% for field in form %}
<H3 class="title">
<p class="error"> {% if field.errors %}<li>{{ field.errors|striptags }}</li>{% endif %}</p>
</H3>
{% endfor %}
</ol>
{% endif %}
<form method="post" id="form" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="infotabs accfrm">
{{ repfrm.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

the issue was actually that this line
<form method="post" id="form" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="infotabs accfrm">
appeared as
<form method="post" id="form" action="" enctype="multipart/form
-data" class="infotabs accfrm">
hence the forms were not uploading. And to think I have had this issue for 2 weeks. If its ok with you guys, i will delete this question.