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strftime %l gives error

I'm trying to make a simple clock and I want the format to have the numeric hour without a padding zero. According to every source I can find on google the symbol for that is %l but that gives me a traceback error? It works fine if I use %I though.
def count():
global time1
global date1
time2 = time.strftime('%l:%M %p')
date2 = time.strftime('%A, %B %d %Y')
if time2 != time1:
time1 = time2
clock.config(text=time2)
if date2 != date1:
date1=date2
date.config(text=date2)
clock.after(500, count)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/Program Files (x86)/pycharm/Projects/test.py", line 48, in count
time2 = time.strftime('%l:%M %p')
ValueError: Invalid format string
Process finished with exit code 1

You want %-I:
time2 = time.strftime('%-I:%M %p')
http://strftime.org/ is a nice reference for Python's strftime format strings.

Changing time from UTC to PDT

This is what I have:
pat = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S +0000'
my_time = time.strptime(task_time, pattern)
But, how can I change the timezone from:
my_time:
2016-06-15 23:27:52 +0000
to a different timezone:
PDT
or
-0700
So the result is:
result = 2016-06-15 16:27:52 -0700

Using the python package arrow this simple script can be used:
import arrow
fmt = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss Z"
time = arrow.get("2016-06-15 23:27:52 +0000", fmt)
time = time.to("US/Pacific")
print(time.format(fmt))
2016-06-15 16:27:52 -0700
Install arrow with pip install arrow
Edit: If you do not want to use the arrow package:
import time
import calendar
fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "
t = calendar.timegm(time.strptime("2016-06-15 23:27:52 +0000", fmt + "+0000"))
t -= 8 * 60 * 60
s = time.strftime(fmt + "-0700", time.gmtime(t))
print(s)
Note, that this is horrible code and if you use this in production you will definitely get fired from your job, so just install the arrow package!

Making the subtraction posssible: 'datetime.time' and 'datetime.datetime'

I'm Salech and I'm learning Python. Python is my really first programming language. It is my second day that I following the youtube video "from zero to hero". And my first problem that I can't solve is related to time and date.
The challenge:
Ask a user to enter a deadline for their project
Tell them how many days they have to complete the project
For Extra Credit give them the answer as a combination of weeks & days
I made all of that, but then I thought to add an additional feature, which takes an input of time(hh:mm:ss) and prints this time minus the current time. Here's how I thought to do it:
import math
import datetime
currentDate = datetime.date.today()
currentTime = datetime.datetime.now()
deadLine = input('Hello, enter the deadline date for your project (mm/dd/yyyy)')
deadLineDate = datetime.datetime.strptime(deadLine, '%m/%d/%Y').date()
deadLineTime = input('insert time')
deadTime = datetime.datetime.strptime(deadLineTime, '%H:%M:%S').time()
print(deadTime)
daysLeft = deadLineDate - currentDate
print('%d days left' % daysLeft.days)
weeksLeft = math.floor(daysLeft.days/7)
newDaysLeft = daysLeft .days- 7*(math.floor(daysLeft.days/7))
print('You have %d weeks' % weeksLeft, ' and %d days left.' % newDaysLeft)
timeLeft = deadTime - currentTime
print(timeLeft.hours)
With the input 02/04/2016 and 15:00 I get the following error:
Hello, enter the deadline date for your project (mm/dd/yyyy)02/04/2016
insert time15:00
15:00:00
5 days left
You have 0 weeks and 5 days left.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/PYTHON/challenge04.py", line 31, in <module>
timeLeft = deadTime - currentTime
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'datetime.time' and 'datetime.datetime'
>>>
Edit: As jonatan said, testing the code without any input:
Hello, enter the deadline date for your project (mm/dd/yyyy)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/PYTHON/challenge04.py", line 14, in <module>
deadLineDate = datetime.datetime.strptime(deadLine, '%m/%d/%Y').date()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/_strptime.py", line 507, in _strptime_datetime
tt, fraction = _strptime(data_string, format)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/_strptime.py", line 344, in _strptime
(data_string, format))
ValueError: time data '' does not match format '%m/%d/%Y'
Thank You.

You need to combine your date and your time into a datetime.
deadline = datetime.datetime.combine(deadLineDate, deadlineTime)
timeLeft = deadline - currentTime
The reason for the error is because it doesn't really make much sense to subtract a date from a time. e.g. What is "4PM - Fri, Jan 29th?".

import datetime
import math
currentDate=datetime.date.today()
currentTime=datetime.datetime.now()
UserInput1=input("What is the deadline for your project? mm/dd/yyyy ")
deadLine=datetime.datetime.strptime(UserInput1, "%m/%d/%Y").date()
UserInput2=input("Please insert the time hh/mm/ss ")
deadTime=datetime.datetime.strptime(UserInput2, "%H/%M/%S").time()
daysLeft= deadLine-currentDate
print("%d days left" % daysLeft.days)
weeksLeft=math.floor(daysLeft.days/7)
newDaysLeft=daysLeft.days-7*(math.floor(daysLeft.days/7))
print("You have %d weeks" % weeksLeft, "and %d days left."% newDaysLeft)
deadLine=datetime.datetime.combine(deadLine,deadTime)
timeLeft=deadLine-currentTime
print(timeLeft)

How to convert datetime string without timezone to another datetime with timezone in python?

I can't seem to figure out how to convert a datetime string to another datetime string with timezone.
Here's the example.
07/27/2015:06:00 AM to 20150727060000 -0400
The default timezone would be EST.
Here's my code so far.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def _to_datetime(air_date, air_time):
schedule_time = '{}:{}'.format(air_date, air_time)
return datetime.strptime(schedule_time,'%m/%d/%Y:%I:%M %p')

Use pytz module to work with timezones in Python. To get the local timezone as pytz tzinfo object, you could use tzlocal module:
from tzlocal import get_localzone # $ pip install tzlocal
naive = _to_datetime('07/27/2015', '06:00 AM')
aware = get_localzone().localize(naive, is_dst=None)
print(aware.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S %z'))
# -> 20150727060000 -0400

Add the time zone to the parsed string with %z. This will give it a tzinfo attribute:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def _to_datetime(air_date, air_time):
schedule_time = '{}:{}'.format(air_date, air_time)
return datetime.strptime(schedule_time + ' -0400', '%m/%d/%Y:%I:%M %p %z')
Example:
>>> datetime.strptime('03/19/2015:03:00 PM -0400','%m/%d/%Y:%I:%M %p %z')
datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 15, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(-1, 72000)))

You could use dateutil to add the tzinfo to the datetime object.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from dateutil import tz
AmericaNewYorkTz = tz.gettz('America/New_York')
def _to_datetime(air_date, air_time):
schedule_time = '{}:{}'.format(air_date, air_time)
return datetime.strptime(schedule_time,'%m/%d/%Y:%I:%M %p').replace(tzinfo=AmericaNewYorkTz)
dt = _to_datetime('07/27/2015', '06:00 AM')
print('DateTime:', dt)
# DateTime: 2015-07-27 06:00:00-04:00
or as J.H. Sebastian pointed out, you can use pytz
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from pytz import timezone
AmericaNewYorkTz = timezone('America/New_York')
def _to_datetime(air_date, air_time):
schedule_time = '{}:{}'.format(air_date, air_time)
naiveDateTime = datetime.strptime(schedule_time,'%m/%d/%Y:%I:%M %p')
localizedDateTime = AmericaNewYorkTz.localize(naiveDateTime, is_dst=None)
return localizedDateTime
dt = _to_datetime('05/27/2015', '06:00 AM')
print('DateTime:', dt)

Convert Time Zone + format in Python from Twitter API

In Python, with TwitterSearch, I'm able to get the timestamp of the tweet in UTC time, in the following format :
Thu Mar 19 12:37:15 +0000 2015
However, I would like to obtain it automatically in the EST timezone (UTC - 4), in this format :
2015-03-19 08:37:15
Here is a sample of my code. What should I change in it for an automatic conversion?
for tweet in ts.search_tweets_iterable(tso):
lat = None
long = None
user = tweet['user']['screen_name']
user_creation = tweet['user']['created_at']
created_at = tweet['created_at'] # UTC time when Tweet was created.
favorite = tweet['favorite_count']
retweet = tweet ['retweet_count']
id_status = tweet['id']
in_reply_to = tweet['in_reply_to_screen_name']
followers = tweet['user']['followers_count'] # nombre d'abonnés
statuses_count = tweet['user']['statuses_count'] # nombre d'abonnés
location = tweet['user']['location'] # résidence du twittos
tweet_text = tweet['text'].strip() # deux lignes enlèvent espaces inutiles
tweet_text = ''.join(tweet_text.splitlines())
print i,created_at,user_creation,user, tweet_text
if tweet['geo'] and tweet['geo']['coordinates'][0]:
lat, long = tweet['geo']['coordinates'][:2]
print u'#%s: %s' % (user, tweet_text), lat, long
else:
print u'#%s: %s' % (user, tweet_text)
print favorite,retweet,id_status,in_reply_to,followers,statuses_count,location
writer.writerow([user.encode('utf8'), user_creation.encode('utf8'), created_at.encode('utf8'),
tweet_text.encode('utf8'), favorite, retweet, id_status, in_reply_to, followers, statuses_count, location.encode('utf8'), lat, long])
i += 1
if i > max:
return()
Thank you in advance!
Florent

If EST is your local timezone then you could do it using only stdlib:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from datetime import datetime
from email.utils import parsedate_tz, mktime_tz
timestamp = mktime_tz(parsedate_tz('Thu Mar 19 12:37:15 +0000 2015'))
s = str(datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp))
# -> '2015-03-19 08:37:15'
It supports non-UTC input timezones too.
Or you could specify the destination timezone explicitly:
import pytz # $ pip install pytz
dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, pytz.timezone('US/Eastern'))
s = dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# -> '2015-03-19 08:37:15'
You could put it in a function:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from datetime import datetime
from email.utils import parsedate_tz, mktime_tz
def to_local_time(tweet_time_string):
"""Convert rfc 5322 -like time string into a local time
string in rfc 3339 -like format.
"""
timestamp = mktime_tz(parsedate_tz(tweet_time_string))
return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
time_string = to_local_time('Thu Mar 19 12:37:15 +0000 2015')
# use time_string here..

Remove the +0000 from the date sent by twitter and do something like:
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
local = 'Europe/London' #or the local from where twitter date is coming from
dt = datetime.strptime("Thu Mar 19 12:37:15 2015", "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")
dt = pytz.timezone(local).localize(dt)
est_dt = dt.astimezone(pytz.timezone('EST'))
print est_dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
Output:
2015-03-19 07:37:15
Alternatively you can do something like (in this case you don't need to remove the +0000 timezone info):
from dateutil import parser
dt = parser.parse("Thu Mar 19 12:37:15 +0000 2015")
est_dt = dt.astimezone(pytz.timezone('EST'))
print est_dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
Output
2015-03-19 07:37:15
By the way, EST is UTC-4 or UTC-5?