Consider this example. I want to make a program where the main window is divided into three parts which can be resized. In the middle I want to have two widgets placed vertially, the bottom one is QTabWidget, where users can change certain properties. Currently I have only one tab and one property there can be more.
I saw similar questions (here and here) but I can't seem to fathom how all the different parts related to size and layout even work together in the first place + they were C++ questions.
Please help me resize QTabWidget to its minimum necessary size to show the contents of the current tab.
As side note you can point me to some understandable docs for a beginner in GUI and PyQt5.
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QLineEdit, QLabel, QSplitter, QWidget, QListWidget, QApplication, QTabWidget, QGroupBox, \
QFormLayout, QSizePolicy, QLayout
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
class Example(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.init_tabs()
self.main_splitter = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
some_left_widget = QWidget()
some_right_widget = QWidget()
mid = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
mid.addWidget(QListWidget())
mid.addWidget(self.tabs)
self.main_splitter.addWidget(some_left_widget)
self.main_splitter.addWidget(mid)
self.main_splitter.addWidget(some_right_widget)
self.setCentralWidget(self.main_splitter)
self.showMaximized()
def init_tabs(self):
self.properties_dict = {}
self.properties_dict['Text'] = QLineEdit()
self.tabs = QTabWidget()
self.properties_groupbox = QGroupBox("Overview")
layout = QFormLayout()
for k, v in self.properties_dict.items():
layout.addRow(QLabel(k + ':'), v)
self.properties_groupbox.setLayout(layout)
self.tabs.addTab(self.properties_groupbox, 'Properties')
# I have no idea how these work
self.properties_groupbox.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Minimum, QSizePolicy.Minimum)
self.properties_groupbox.resize(self.properties_groupbox.minimumSizeHint())
self.properties_groupbox.adjustSize()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
Left one is now, right one is desired
A QSplitter uses complex computation to evaluate the sizes it assigns to each of its child widgets, especially when resizing (which is something that also happens as soon as it's first shown, like any other widget).
The most important aspects it takes into account are the widgets size hints (what the widget suggests it would be the preferable size) and size policy (how the widget can be resized and how it will behave if there's more or less available space).
To achieve what you want, you'll need to set the size policy stretch (which is the proportion of available space in the layout the widget will try to use).
Just add the following lines after adding the widgets to the splitter:
mid.setStretchFactor(0, 1)
mid.setStretchFactor(1, 0)
The first line indicates that the first widget (the list) will use a stretch factor of 1, while the second (the tab widget) will be 0. The stretch factor is computed based on the sum of all the stretch factors of the widgets.
In this way the list will try to uccupy the maximum available space (since 1 is the maximum of 1 + 0), while the tab the least.
Remember that stretch factor also consider the size hints of the widget, so if you set 2 to the list and 1 to the tab, you will not get a list with a height twice than that of the tab.
Also, as soon as the splitter is resized, the new proportions will be used when the splitter is resized, ignoring the previously set stretch factors.
Related
I want to change QPushButton's size using QWidget's .setGeometry(・・・) function. I have the following code to try and change the size of the button.
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRect
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QTableWidget, QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QPushButton
class Window(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, method=-1):
super(Window, self).__init__()
mainWidget = QWidget()
mainLayout = QHBoxLayout(mainWidget)
table = QTableWidget(10, 3)
button = QPushButton("Why?")
if (method == 1):
print("Method 1:", button.size(), end="")
button.setMinimumSize(100, 100)
elif (method == 2):
print("Method 2:", button.size(), end="")
button.setGeometry(QRect(0, 0, 100, 100))
else:
print("Method X:", button.size(), end="")
print(" -> ", button.size(), sep="")
mainLayout.addWidget(table)
mainLayout.addWidget(button)
self.setCentralWidget(mainWidget)
self.show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("python QLayoutGeometry.py[ <MethodToUse=-1>")
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
method = -1 if (len(sys.argv) < 2) else int(sys.argv[1])
GUI = Window(method)
sys.exit(app.exec_())
However it does not seem to change the size of the button in 2. when setGeometry(・・・) is used. My understanding, hence my expectation, must be wrong. Could someone clarify the part where I wrote "(Not what I expected)"
Executing python QLayoutGeometry.py 1 calls button.setMinimumSize(100, 100)
Does change the size of the button (what I expected)
STDOUT shows: Method 1: PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(640, 480) -> PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(640, 480) (Not what I expected)
Executing python QLayoutGeometry.py 2 calls button.setGeometry(QRect(0, 0, 100, 100))
Does not change the size of the button (Not what I expected)
STDOUT shows: Method 2: PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(640, 480) -> PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(100, 100) (what I expected)
Executing python QLayoutGeometry.py -1 does nothing
Does not change the size of the button (what I expected)
STDOUT shows: Method X: PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(640, 480) -> PyQt5.QtCore.QSize(640, 480) (what I expected)
Memo:
QPushButton's class hierarchy: ... QWidget -> QAbstractButton.
QWidget's size() function
The size is adjusted if it lies outside the range defined by minimumSize() and maximumSize().
The first thing to understand is that layout managers, as the name suggests, manage the layout. It's their responsibility to position and resize the items contained in them and, eventually, request the widget on which they are set to expand its size.
Considering this, whenever a layout manager is set, calling setGeometry is almost useless, especially if done within the widget creation phase, and calling it even before adding the widgets to the layout is pointless for the same reason.
Then, the outputs you get are expected:
by default, the initial size of a new widget that has not been shown yet is always 640x480 (or 100x30 for widget created with a parent);
setting a minimum size doesn't alter the current (default) size of the widget unless the width or the height have bigger values;
the final size of the widgets is not readable until the top level widget is finally shown and properly resized (if required) by the windowing system, unless the top level widget has been explicitly resized and the layout has been activated();
The following will print the correct size even within the __init__ (but you shouldn't do this for general usage, as activate is automatically called):
mainLayout.addWidget(button)
mainLayout.activate()
print(" -> ", button.size(), sep="")
That said:
if you want to set a specific size for a widget, you must use setFixedSize()
if a specific position or geometry is required, it must be done using a combination of setFixedSize() and eventually spacer items, layout margins, layout spacings and or strech factors;
layout managers exist to optimize the available space, based on their size hints (both sizeHint and minimumSizeHint), size constraints and size policies, which are often computed based on system configuration (DPI, default font), so trying to set a fixed geometry is not only discouraged, but also possibly counterproductive: if you don't consider those aspects, you risk having widgets that become unusable or that overlap with others;
Finally, it is possible to call setGeometry(), but it can only be done after a resize event and after you're completely sure that the layout has done its job, which is something that is often unpredictable due to the complex nature of layouts and the possible existence of complex widgets (like scroll areas) that update their sizes in multiple passes; the general rule is that if you need to use setGeometry even when using layouts, then the layout (or the properties of its widgets) was not created/configured properly.
I have a vertical layout with alignment set to "top" that contains what I want to be a fixed height "header" bar contained in a QHBoxLayout, with a QTextEdit window underneath it. One of the sections of this header bar contains a QStackedLayout. If you run the sample code below, when resizing the window the QTextEdit window begins pulling away from the "header" bar instead of staying anchored just underneath the "header" bar. The intended behavior would be for the QTextEdit window to remain anchored just underneath the header bar and expand and contract along its bottom margin. How do I fix the size of the QStackedLayout element to achieve this behavior?
from PySide2 import QtWidgets, QtCore, QtGui
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication
import sys
class Demo(QtWidgets.QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Demo, self).__init__(parent)
self.main_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
self.main_layout.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignTop)
# Header with combobox anchored to the top of the layout
self.data_results_layout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
self.results_stacked_layout = QtWidgets.QStackedLayout()
self.data_results_layout.addLayout(self.results_stacked_layout)
self.combobox_results_widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
self.combobox_results_widget.setFixedHeight(25)
self.combobox_results_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.combobox_results_widget)
self.combobox_results_layout.setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
self.directory_combobox = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
self.directory_combobox.setFixedHeight(25)
self.combobox_results_layout.addWidget(self.directory_combobox)
self.results_stacked_layout.addWidget(self.combobox_results_widget)
self.main_layout.addLayout(self.data_results_layout)
# QTextEdit Window
self.asset_data_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
self.asset_data_window = QtWidgets.QTextEdit('Ready.')
self.asset_data_layout.addWidget(self.asset_data_window)
self.main_layout.addLayout(self.asset_data_layout)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = Demo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
Setting the alignment on a layout does not set the alignment of the widgets it manages, but only the alignment that that layout will have when added to another layout manager (you can read a more deeper explanation in this answer).
Basically, the following:
layout.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignTop)
is almost the same as this:
otherLayout.addLayout(layout, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignTop)
So, not only that alignment won't affect the children alignment, but since you're using that layout as main layout for the widget, that alignment is completely ignored.
In order to achieve what you want you can set a stretch for the lower alignment (as suggested in the comment by S.Nick):
self.main_layout.addLayout(self.asset_data_layout, stretch=1)
On the other hand, consider that QStackedLayout should only used for custom widgets or dedicated behavior, and in most cases it's better to use its convenience class QStackedWidget, on which you can set an appropriate size policy:
self.results_stacked_layout = QtWidgets.QStackedWidget()
self.data_results_layout.addWidget(self.results_stacked_layout)
self.results_stacked_layout.setSizePolicy(
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Preferred, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum)
With the above, the stacked widget will resize itself horizontally according to its contents and will only use the minimum vertical space required by it: since the combobox expands horizontally as much as possible, it will try to occupy all the horizontal available space, and since the vertical policy of the combobox is fixed, it will only use the vertical space required, leaving all the remaining vertical space to the other widgets in the parent layout.
Note that the size policy definitions might seem a bit counterintuitive; the rule is that it's always referred to the sizeHint of the widget: Maximum means that the size hint of the contents will be used as maximum size, and it cannot be larger than that.
I have a list of pyqt4 push button and want to move the position. Since it is troublesome it make lots of buttons variable I create them through a list. The code below
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton, QWidget, QVBoxLayout
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
QWidget.__init__(self)
layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
self.buttons = []
for i in range(3):
self.buttons.append(QPushButton('',self))
self.buttons[-1].setFixedWidth(50)
self.buttons[-1].setFixedHeight(50)
self.buttons[-1].move(70*i+50,300)
layout.addWidget(self.buttons[-1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.resize(500,500)
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
don't work for specify the position
but
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
QWidget.__init__(self)
layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
self.button1 = QPushButton('',self)
self.button1.setFixedWidth(50)
self.button1.setFixedHeight(50)
self.button1.move(50,300)
self.button2 = QPushButton('',self)
self.button2.setFixedWidth(50)
self.button2.setFixedHeight(50)
self.button2.move(120,300)
self.button3 = QPushButton('',self)
self.button3.setFixedWidth(50)
self.button3.setFixedHeight(50)
self.button3.move(190,300)
layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
works fine.
What's the reason behind?
If you want to manually specify the geometry (position and size) of widgets, you should not add them to a layout.
Your second example "works" just because you already created and set a layout to the top-level widget (the Window class), and since a layout already exists the second one is not "installed". Running it from the console will shows this error:
StdErr: QLayout: Attempting to add QLayout "" to Window "", which already has a layout
When a widget is added to a layout, the ownership of the "layout item" (an abstract item used by layouts to manage its widgets) is transferred to the layout, and the widget is reparented to the widget that uses that layout.
Since the second layout cannot be set, it will not manage the geometries of the items you tried to add, and the result is that they will keep the geometries you set before.
The same result can be obtained if you remove all the last lines referencing the other layout, which is exactly what you need.
Also, note that in order to add a widget that is not managed by a layout, a parent is required. Your last example also works because you specified the window as the parent while instantiating them; if you don't do that the buttons will not be shown, but if you do show them (with show() or setVisible(True)) they will each appear in separate windows, as they will become their own top level windows.
If you don't have other widgets that should be managed by a layout, you can also avoid creating the first layout at all (but, still, the parent is required).
Finally, let me tell you that using manual geometries is generally discouraged, and there are very few and specific cases for which it's a good idea to go with.
The main reason behind this is that widgets tend to show very differently from device to device, and that depends on various aspects:
different OS and OS versions draw widgets differently (sometimes dramatically), and this involves varying the widget size and behavior; while this might not be a major issue for simple widgets, it can be a problem for things like item views, spinboxes, etc;
different OS and systems use different styles, which also includes things like internal widget content margins and minimum size;
specific system settings (most importantly, the default font) could make widgets mostly unreadable, specifically with text being clipped within the widget margins if the font size is too big;
depending on the OS, you might face issues if the system uses High DPI displays, and you could end up with very tiny widgets that are almost impossible to interact with;
fixed geometries force you (and the user) to have a fixed widget/window size, and (along with the DPI issue above) this can be a problem: the same widget could look too big or too small;
Because of their high customizability I've been relying on using multiple GroupBoxes while building app GUIs. But it appears QGroupBoxes make a certain impact on how fast an interface builds.
Now with layout's .insertLayout() method I can build an entire graphics interface placing the widgets any where I want. The dialogs feel very lightweight and extremely fast to re-draw. Unfortunately I can't find a way to control their appearance. I would appreciate if you would give me some clue on how to control the layout visual properties. I am particularly interested in knowing:
How to draw layout border, how to control a border line width,
How to place a layout title (similar to what QGroupBox's .setTitle() does)
How to control the layout outside and inside margins.
How to make layout minimizable/size-restorable (So the user could click some minus/arrow icon to fold/unfold layout when they need or don't need certain widgets belonging to the same layout.
The example with three nested layouts is posted below. As it is seen on dialog screenshot there is no way to visually differentiate one layout from another since there are no border, no titles, no dividers and etc.
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
class Dialog_01(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(QtGui.QMainWindow,self).__init__()
tabWidget = QtGui.QTabWidget()
tabGroupBox = QtGui.QGroupBox()
tabLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
tabLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
tabLayout.setSpacing(0)
subLayoutA=QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
tabLayout.insertLayout(0, subLayoutA)
tabGroupBox.setLayout(tabLayout)
tabWidget.addTab(tabGroupBox,' Tab A ')
listWidgetA = QtGui.QListWidget()
for i in range(3):
QtGui.QListWidgetItem( 'Item '+str(i), listWidgetA )
subLayoutA.addWidget(listWidgetA)
subLayoutB=QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
tabLayout.insertLayout(1, subLayoutB)
subLayoutB.addWidget(QtGui.QLineEdit('LineEdit 1'))
subLayoutB.addWidget(QtGui.QLineEdit('LineEdit 2'))
subLayoutC=QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
tabLayout.insertLayout(2, subLayoutC)
subLayoutC.addWidget(QtGui.QPushButton('PushButton 1'))
subLayoutC.addWidget(QtGui.QPushButton('PushButton 2'))
self.setCentralWidget(tabWidget)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
dialog_1 = Dialog_01()
dialog_1.show()
dialog_1.resize(480,320)
sys.exit(app.exec_())
EDITED LATER
I inserted two lines into an example code to implement one of the suggestions made by sebastian. A Spacing-Margins method combos can be effectively used to get some additional tweaks done. Here is a screenshot (still could not get rid of the spacing around pushButtons):
QLayout sublcasses don't have a visual representation, which becomes clear by the fact that QLayout classes do not inherit QWidget. They only calculate the positions of the widgets they are responsible for in the context of their "parent" widget.
So the answer to questions 1,2 and 4 is basically: You can't.
You'll always have to have a QWidget in combination with a QLayout.
E.g. to group your two buttons into a frame with a box use a QFrame:
subLayoutC=QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
buttonFrame = QtGui.QFrame()
buttonFrame.setFrameStyle(QtGui.QFrame.Plain |QtGui.QFrame.Box)
buttonFrame.setLayout(subLayoutC)
subLayoutC.addWidget(QtGui.QPushButton('PushButton 1'))
subLayoutC.addWidget(QtGui.QPushButton('PushButton 2'))
# now we add the QFrame widget - not subLayoutC to the tabLayout
tabLayout.addWidget(buttonFrame) # I think your suggested edit was correct here
self.setCentralWidget(tabWidget)
Concerning question 3, check the docs:
http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qlayout.html#setContentsMargins
http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qboxlayout.html#setSpacing
I'm writing a little Qt application with Python. I've created QMainWindow, which have a QGridLayout. In each grid I'm adding QTextBrowser Widget. I want left side of my grid to be not bigger than 25% of window. So I'll have two QTextBrowsers: one is 25% of window's width, and another is 75% of window's width. How can I do it? Thanks!
You can specify relative width by giving each cell a stretch with setStretch(). They will get sizes proportional to the given stretches. Here is a simple example that makes the right widget 3 times greater than the left widget.
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
Q = QtGui.QWidget()
H = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
H.addWidget(QtGui.QTextBrowser())
H.setStretch(0,1)
H.addWidget(QtGui.QTextBrowser())
H.setStretch(1,3)
Q.setLayout(H)
Q.show()
app.exec_()
But, bear in mind that widgets have minimum sizes by default. So they can shrink below that. If you want to change that behavior also, consider setting minimum sizes to your liking.