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How to properly Dirty rectangles for simple application: Logic Issue

I am currently just testing the waters with Pygame display as I am extremely new to the module.
Here is the code:
import pygame
pygame.init()
SCALE = 1
display_width = int(1200 * SCALE)
display_height = int(800 * SCALE)
x = (display_width * 0.45)
y = (display_height * 0.8)
transparent = (0, 0, 0, 0)
black = (0, 0, 0)
white = (255, 255, 255)
green = (44, 215, 223)
red = (255, 67, 34)
blue = (77, 77, 77)
count = 0
running = True
box1_image = True
box3_image = True
background = pygame.image.load('C:/Users/Justi/source/repos/03 Game/Game/assets/background.jpg')
dirty_spot = pygame.image.load('C:/Users/Justi/source/repos/03 Game/Game/assets/dirty.png')
background_resized = pygame.transform.scale(dirty_spot, (display_width, display_height))
background_rect = background_resized.get_rect()
gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode(background_rect.size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Game 1")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
dirty_spot_resized = pygame.transform.scale(dirty_spot, (200, 200))
square_dirty_spot = dirty_spot_resized.convert()
rect_dirty_spot = square_dirty_spot.get_rect()
def dirtyspot1(imagex, imagey):
gameDisplay.blit(dirty_spot_resized, (imagex,imagey))
while running:
rects = []
if rects != []:
pygame.display.update(rects)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.quit:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_r:
running = False
#if box3_image: #Replacing the Bool passing variable with a simple loop count to trigger the else condition
if count < 50:
print("Test 1")
dirtyspot1(0,0)
pygame.display.update()
else:
print("Test 2")
dirty_rect = background.subsurface(rect_dirty_spot)
gameDisplay.blit(dirty_rect, (0,0))
rects.append(pygame.Rect(0,0, 200, 200))
gameDisplay.fill(white)
clock.tick(30)
count += 1
pygame.quit()
quit()
box1_image & box1_image are bool variables to flag certain condition which is passed from another function.
But I have gotten the passing of said variables working by doing a simple test with print("Test 2"). However, when it tries to blit dirty_rect. Nothing changes on the pygame display.
Assets (if needed):
background.jpg
dirty.png
May I check what is missing to properly "remove/delete" the dirty_spot blit? Thank you in advance.

import pygame
pygame.init()
SCALE = 1
display_width = int(1200 * SCALE)
display_height = int(800 * SCALE)
x = (display_width * 0.45)
y = (display_height * 0.8)
transparent = (0, 0, 0, 0)
black = (0, 0, 0)
white = (255, 255, 255)
green = (44, 215, 223)
red = (255, 67, 34)
blue = (77, 77, 77)
count = 0
running = True
box1_image = True
box3_image = True
background = pygame.image.load('background.jpg')
dirty_spot = pygame.image.load('dirty.png')
background_resized = pygame.transform.scale(background, (display_width, display_height))
background_rect = background_resized.get_rect()
gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width, display_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Game 1")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
dirty_spot_resized = pygame.transform.scale(dirty_spot, (200, 200))
square_dirty_spot = dirty_spot_resized.convert()
rect_dirty_spot = square_dirty_spot.get_rect()
show_dirt = False
def dirtyspot1(imagex, imagey):
gameDisplay.blit(dirty_spot_resized, (imagex,imagey))
while running:
rects = []
if rects != []:
pygame.display.update(rects)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_r:
running = False
if event.key == pygame.K_d:
show_dirt = not show_dirt
if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
rect_dirty_spot.y -= 5
if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
rect_dirty_spot.y += 5
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
rect_dirty_spot.x += 5
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
rect_dirty_spot.x -= 5
gameDisplay.blit(background_resized, (0,0))
if show_dirt:
gameDisplay.blit(dirty_spot_resized, rect_dirty_spot)
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(5)
count += 1
pygame.quit()
quit()

like this? (I changed the FPS to 5 so it takes a while to change)
import pygame
pygame.init()
SCALE = 1
display_width = int(1200 * SCALE)
display_height = int(800 * SCALE)
x = (display_width * 0.45)
y = (display_height * 0.8)
transparent = (0, 0, 0, 0)
black = (0, 0, 0)
white = (255, 255, 255)
green = (44, 215, 223)
red = (255, 67, 34)
blue = (77, 77, 77)
count = 0
running = True
box1_image = True
box3_image = True
background = pygame.image.load('background.jpg')
dirty_spot = pygame.image.load('dirty.png')
background_resized = pygame.transform.scale(background, (display_width, display_height))
background_rect = background_resized.get_rect()
gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode(background_rect.size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Game 1")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
dirty_spot_resized = pygame.transform.scale(dirty_spot, (200, 200))
square_dirty_spot = dirty_spot_resized.convert()
rect_dirty_spot = square_dirty_spot.get_rect()
def dirtyspot1(imagex, imagey):
gameDisplay.blit(dirty_spot_resized, (imagex,imagey))
while running:
rects = []
if rects != []:
pygame.display.update(rects)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_r:
running = False
gameDisplay.fill(white)
#if box3_image: #Replacing the Bool passing variable with a simple loop count to trigger the else condition
if count < 50:
print("Test 1")
dirtyspot1(0,0)
else:
print("Test 2")
dirty_rect = background.subsurface(rect_dirty_spot)
gameDisplay.blit(dirty_rect, (0,0))
rects.append(pygame.Rect(0,0, 200, 200))
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(5)
count += 1
pygame.quit()
quit()
I think you have misunderstood things. You can blit one image or surface on top of another, and you build things up like that, then blit them to the display and finally update the display.
You have this line:
background_resized = pygame.transform.scale(dirty_spot, (display_width, display_height))
which I assume should be background not dirty_spot.
I moved the call to display.update() out of the if loop, because you call display.update() last.

why this code is not letting me draw using the rectangle but just moving the rectangle?

import pygame
pygame.init()
win = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
Listing all pixels in pygame window in an array
pts = pygame.PixelArray(win)
Creating some color constants
# Colors
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREY = (128, 128, 128)
clicked = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# GAME LOOP
while True:
win.fill(BLACK)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
Checking if left mousebutton if clicked and held
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if event.button == 1:
clicked = True
Checking if mousebutton released
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
clicked = False
I don't know if something is wrong down here.
if clicked:
mouse_X, mouse_Y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
for a in range(mouse_X, mouse_X + 79):
pts[a][mouse_Y:mouse_Y + 60] = GREEN
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(250)

This is a problem of your logic. The rectangle is not drawn permanently.
pts[a][mouse_Y:mouse_Y + 60] = GREEN changes a pixel in the win Surface.
However win.fill(BLACK) turns all the pixel in win into BLACK.
Copy the "win" surface as soon as a rectangle has been placed on a permanant_win Surface. blit the Surface as the background of the window at the beginning of the application loop:
import pygame
pygame.init()
win = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
clicked = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
permanant_win = win.copy()
while True:
win.blit(permanant_win, (0, 0))
make_permanent = False
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if event.button == 1:
clicked = True
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
make_permanent = True
if clicked:
mouse_X, mouse_Y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
pts = pygame.PixelArray(win)
for a in range(mouse_X, mouse_X + 79):
pts[a][mouse_Y:mouse_Y + 60] = GREEN
pts = None
if make_permanent:
permanant_win = win.copy()
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(250)

Why can't I type text on the screen while using the key.get_pressed feature of pygame?

When I type in this program I want the letters that I am typing to show up on the screen. However, when I try and type nothing appears on the screen. How do I fix this issue since it works when I replace the keys[KDOWN] feature with the event.type == KDOWN feature.
from pygame import *
init()
screen = display.set_mode((800, 600))
name_font = font.Font(None, 32)
name_text = ''
while True:
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
for events in event.get():
keys = key.get_pressed()
if events.type == QUIT:
quit()
if keys[KEYDOWN]:
name_text += events.unicode
text_surface = name_font.render(name_text, True, (0, 0, 0))
screen.blit(text_surface, (50, 50))
display.update()

If you use get_pressed, you need to check every key. It's better to check the KEYDOWN event and get the pressed key.
Try this code:
from pygame import *
init()
screen = display.set_mode((800, 600))
name_font = font.Font(None, 32)
name_text = ''
while True:
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
for events in event.get():
if events.type == QUIT:
quit()
if events.type == KEYDOWN:
name_text += events.unicode
text_surface = name_font.render(name_text, True, (0, 0, 0))
screen.blit(text_surface, (50, 50))
display.update()

How to clear up all the text on my display

I’m the first time to ask on stack overflow! I’m a 12-year-old boy who living in Hong Kong, so if my English was wrong, please tell me and please don’t keep in mind. Apart from that, I’m a newer of Python. I don’t know that the meaning of the code. Can everyone making a # to tell me the meaning? Thank you!!
I am doing a project that use Python. Also, for the display, I use Pygame too. But there have some problem with the displays.
Here is my testing code:
# install pygame
import pygame
from pygame import *
pygame.init()
# play music
mixer.init()
mixer.music.load("game_music.mp3")
mixer.music.play()
# colour
red = (255, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)
grass_green = (112, 173, 71)
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# screen settings
window = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 600))
window.fill(grass_green)
pygame.display.set_caption("What's Your Number?")
# fonts settings
default_font = pygame.font.get_default_font()
font_a = pygame.font.Font(default_font, 57)
font_b = pygame.font.Font(default_font, 30)
font_c = pygame.font.Font(default_font, 18)
# text
title = font_a.render("What's Your Number?", 1, white)
enter_to_start = font_b.render("Press the Enter to start", 1, white)
random_mode = font_a.render("Random Mode", 1, black)
your_mode = font_a.render("Your Mode", 1, black)
des_random_1 = font_c.render("The PC choose a random number for you to", 1, black)
des_random_2 = font_c.render("guess! Can you guess it correct?", 1, black)
des_your = font_c.render("Pick a number and let you friends to guess!", 1, black)
random_control = font_b.render("Press the up arrow", 1, black)
your_control = font_b.render("Press the down arrow", 1, black)
# image
up_arrow = pygame.image.load("up_arrow_new.png")
down_arrow = pygame.image.load("down_arrow_new.png")
def blit_img(img, x, y):
window.blit(img, (x, y))
# game
game = False
temp = True
while not game:
if temp:
window.blit(title, (10, 150))
window.blit(enter_to_start, (160, 350))
pygame.display.flip()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_KP_ENTER:
temp = False
window.fill(grass_green)
pygame.draw.rect(window, red, [50, 50, 540, 225])
pygame.draw.rect(window, blue, [50, 325, 540, 225])
window.blit(random_mode, (55, 65))
window.blit(des_random_1, (55, 150))
window.blit(des_random_2, (55, 200))
window.blit(random_control, (55, 240))
blit_img(up_arrow, 450, 150)
window.blit(your_mode, (55, 335))
window.blit(des_your, (55, 425))
window.blit(your_control, (55, 515))
blit_img(down_arrow, 450, 425)
pygame.display.flip()
if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
if temp == False:
temp = True
window.fill(grass_green)
pygame.display.flip()
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
game = True
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game = True
I want to make it just like a book or a PowerPoint to have pages. In this code, my problem is that the text which displayed cannot erase and blit the new text on it. Can someone help me? Thank you very much!!

I'd fill the window every frame and then render and blit the current text. The texts can be stored in a list and the current text can be accessed with an index variable that you increment in the event loop.
import pygame
pygame.init()
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
window = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 600))
clock = pygame.time.Clock() # A clock to limit the frame rate.
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 57) # Use the default font.
texts = ['Hello', "what's", 'up?']
text_index = 0
done = False
while not done:
# Handle events.
for event in pygame.event.get():
# Allow the user to quit by clicking on the 'X' button.
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key in (pygame.K_KP_ENTER, pygame.K_RETURN):
# Make sure that we don't get an IndexError.
if text_index < len(texts)-1:
# Increment the index.
text_index += 1
# Insert additional game logic here.
# Finally draw everything.
window.fill(white) # Use fill to clear the window.
what_I_say = font.render(texts[text_index], True, black)
window.blit(what_I_say, (10, 150))
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(30) # Limit the frame rate to 30 FPS.
If you really only need to update the window when the user wants to switch to the next page (an event occurs), you could also use pygame.event.wait instead of pygame.event.get.

The way to remove previous stuff in pygame is to draw the background and everything you want to keep over it. In this case, you want to remove the Hello, so you will have to stop pygame from drawing it, and then draw the background over it
It should look like this:
import pygame
pygame.init()
#colour settings
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)
#making a screen(display)
window = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 600))
window.fill(green)
# fonts settings
default_font = pygame.font.get_default_font()
font = pygame.font.Font(default_font, 57)
temp = True
#the things I want to display
while True:
if temp:
what_I_say = font.render("Hello", 1, white)
window.blit(what_I_say, (10, 150))
pygame.display.flip()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
temp = False
window.fill(green)
pygame.draw.rect(window, red, [50, 50, 540, 500])
The boolean temp marks whether to draw Hello. On pressing return (my keyboard doesn't have keypad enter), temp is set to false (so it will stop drawing Hello), the window is refilled with green (to cover the previous hello), and then a red rectangle is drawn.

my click's counter program wont work

After importing the modules and declaring the variables here is how my code starts:
while True:
pygame.display.flip()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
dibujarCirculo()
cont += 1
contador = texto.render("Clicks: " + str(cont), 1, green)
ventana.blit(contador, CONT_POS)
pygame.display.update()
When i run it i get the screen fill with black, and some text "Clicks :0" and when i click the mouse, instead of turning "Clicks: 1" the 1 stacks over the zero and it becomes a mess.
My intention is simply: when you click somewhere in the window it adds 1 to a click's counter. Also it actually draw a circle but that's not important.
i will post the whole code if you want to give it a look.
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.constants import *
pygame.init()
ventana = pygame.display.set_mode((600, 400))
pygame.display.set_caption("Basics")
red = (255, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)
darkBlue = (0, 0, 128)
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
pink = (255, 200, 200)
cont = 0
CONT_POS = (50, 100)
texto = pygame.font.SysFont("monospace", 15)
def dibujarCirculo():
pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
radius = 10
pygame.draw.circle(ventana, white, pos, radius)
cont = 0
while True:
pygame.display.flip()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
dibujarCirculo()
cont += 1
contador = texto.render("Clicks: " + str(cont), 1, green)
ventana.blit(contador, CONT_POS)
pygame.display.update()
note: it is the second time i am posting these because people is voting down for no reason and also tagging the post as off-topic when i try to explain my problem the best way i know...

You need to clear the screen to avoid drawing on top of the old text
while True:
pygame.display.flip()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
dibujarCirculo()
cont += 1
ventana.fill((0,0,0)) # clear the screen
contador = texto.render("Clicks: " + str(cont), 0, green)
ventana.blit(contador, CONT_POS)
pygame.display.update()
You can add the blit using black in your first function to just overwrite the blit each time.
def dibujarCirculo():
pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
radius = 10
pygame.draw.circle(ventana, white, pos, radius)
contador = texto.render("Clicks: " + str(cont), 0, black) # set background to black
ventana.blit(contador, CONT_POS)
while True:
pygame.display.flip()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
dibujarCirculo()
cont += 1
contador = texto.render("Clicks: " + str(cont), 1, green)
ventana.blit(contador, CONT_POS)
pygame.display.update()