I am trying to get pip to work behind my work's proxy network. I have the credentials for the proxy and I have the certificate-chain files, but no matter what I do I cannot get it to stop throwing an SSL error:
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyinstaller/: There was a problem confirming the
ssl certificate: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:645) - skipping
I've seen that pip.ini is supposed to exist in %APPDATA% but it isn't present, not even a pip folder exists there. Furthermore, people who were missing the file were able to create it and have it work that way. I tried this too and it did not work for me. I have even tried specifically specifying the cert in the pip install statement itself with --cert but with no luck.
What do I need to do?
The certificates should live in Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\certifi\cacert.pem relative to your Python install directory. For example, if you have installed Python in C:\Python3, then the list of certificates is found in C:\Python3\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\certifi\cacert.pem. If you are using a python virtual environment, it is located within the venv.
You need to append your company certifcate to this cacerm.pem file. Make sure that the company certificate is base-64 encoded (sometimes also referred to as PEM format). Then you can use a text editor to concatenate the files.
Note: If you upgrade pip, your changes to cacert.pem will likely be lost. So, be prepared to repeat this operation after each update of pip.
Related
I want to import requests library and bs4 in pycharm but I got( no module )
and as i click install package I got error
It recommend to update pip 20 to 21 but when I want to upgrade pip in scripts folder I got invalid syntax error
Based on
certificate verify failed: certificate not yet valid
I'm pretty certain that your computer's clock is incorrect. Check that first. If that's not the case, there might be a broken MITM SSL proxy in the way, which we can't do much about.
As for your problem upgrading Pip, you have a typo. You'll want --upgrade, not -upgrade. However, that's likely to fail too if you can't establish connections to the server hosting Python packages (including Pip).
I am working on a developed segment of code that links back up to an existing website to cross ref multiple images - the issue I am encountering seems simple enough but now I feel that I went down a rabbit hole.
I should be able to run this code on my Mac but get the error:
urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify
failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)
Okay simple - I went to applications and tried to run the Install Certificates.command but then get the error:
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno
13] Permission denied:
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi'
Consider using the --user option or check the permissions.
For both Python 3.7 & 3.8
Okay - I then tried pip(pip, pip3, pip3.7, & pip3.8) install on Certi and Certificates which all worked.
But I still get the error when running my code stating that my certification verification failed. I then did the something again this time with --user and still the same result.
Am I missing something to this - I feel very foolish trying to get this to work when it should be pretty simple.
Thanks
after taking some time away I went with sudo - and that was the correct move - should mention I was on work comp hence the issue - used admin rights and got cert verification.
To install Python packages from behind a corporate proxy, it is sometimes necessary to add options to pip, such as --proxy or --cert.
How to specify a proxy in PyCharm is explained in this question and how to add any option to the pip call is explained in this answer.
The latter would allow me to add the required --cert option. Unfortunately, this works only when installing a package manually and does not cover the case where I have a requirements.txt file and want PyCharm to automatically install the packages listed. This results in this error:
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:833)'),)': /simple/robotframework/
Which means that I need to add something to the underlying pip call (--cert in my case).
Question: How can I specify pip options that will be used by PyCharm for automatic installation of the packages specified in requirements.txt?
You can download the CA cert inserted by your corporate firewall and install it to pip's keystore. Below is the process I used, but I'm sure those more adept at cert formats/manipulation can improve it:
PLEASE NOTE: Pip's cacerts.pem file will be overwritten whenever pip
is upgraded, so the company cert will need to be re-inserted.
Step 1. Identify the correct keystore. If you are using a virtual environment, the location of the keystore used by pip when it is activated should be C:\PATH\TO\VENV\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\certifi\cacert.pem
NOTE: Unlike most keystores that I have dealt with (mostly while trying to get JetBrains products to work behind corpo firewalls), this one is plain text. More on this in Step 3.
Step 2. Download the cert. Using Firefox (there are many ways to do this), go to the URL that precedes the error (something like https://pypi.org/simple/, or https://pypi.python.org/simple/). Click on the Lock > Show connection details > More information. On Page Info window, Click View Certificate > Details Tab. Export the top-level cert as .crt/.pem. Click back to the General tab, it may be needed in Step 3.
Step 3. Normally, you could just use a keytool command like keytool -import -alias key-alias -file "C:\path\to\exported\key.der" -keystore "C:\Path\to\keystore\.PyCharm2018.3\system\tasks\cacerts",but when you do, you get the following keytool error: java.security.KeyStoreException: Unrecognized keystore format: null. It turns out you can just copy the plain text cert exported in Step 2 directly into the keystore.
You don't need to include any header information, just from -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- to -----END CERTIFICATE-----. However, it may be beneficial in the future if someone (you) has to look at this keystore again, so you can copy it from the General Tab mentioned above.
I'm currently trying to use the sleekxmpp module in Python3.5 to connect to jabber.at, an XMPP service. Jabber.at's SSL certificates are issued by Let's Encrypt.
The problem I'm having is, when I try to log in to my jabber.at account using sleekxmpp, I get the following error:
INFO Negotiating TLS
INFO Using SSL version: TLSv1
ERROR Certificate has expired.
I've tried to resolve this issue on Ubuntu 16.04, Manjaro GNOME 17, and Windows 10, with a fresh installation of Python, sleekxmpp, and all of sleekxmpp's dependencies, on each of those machines. It didn't make a difference.
On each of my machines, I have the Let's Encrypt Authority X3 certificate installed, yet sleekxmpp still thinks the certificate is expired, even though the certificate is valid until 2022. Frustratingly, I'm able to log in to my XMPP account using Pidgin, and the certificate automatically saved by Pidgin (which you can find under ~/.purple/ in Linux) is exactly the same as the one I downloaded directly from Let's Encrypt.
I've tried manually changing the ssl version in sleekxmpp.xmlstream.xmlstream.py:125 to ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, but that didn't work, either. I've also tried manually specifying the path to the Let's Encrypt .crt file in sleekxmpp.xmlstream.xmlstream.py:140, but I still have the same issue.
I should note that I do have dnspython, pyasn1, and pyasn1_modules installed on each machine. While I can successfully log into my jabber.at account by either uninstalling pyasn1, or explicitly ignoring certificates by setting sleekxmpp.xmlstream.xmlstream.py:140 to None, that isn't a solution in my case - I must encrypt my connection.
Is there anything I can do? I've been at this for days now, and I haven't been able to find any helpful solutions on Google.
I appreciate any help!
After over a month, I was able to find a solution to my own problem.
It turns out that this issue is caused by a regression in SleekXMPP, introduced in version 1.3.3:
GitHub: Regression from 1.3.1
It was only recently addressed, but as of now, there is no official release with the fix. The short-term solution to this problem is to uninstall SleekXMPP, and re-install SleekXMPP, specifying version 1.3.1:
sudo pip3 uninstall sleekxmpp
sudo pip3 install sleekxmpp==1.3.1
Reverting to version 1.3.1 solves this issue for me. Perhaps this will no longer be an issue in SleekXMPP 1.3.4.
I just installed Python3 from python.org and am having trouble installing packages with pip. By design, there is a man-in-the-middle packet inspection appliance on the network here that inspects all packets (ssl included) by resigning all ssl connections with its own certificate. Part of the GPO pushes the custom root certificate into the Windows Keystore.
When using Java, if I need to access any external https sites, I need to manually update the cacerts in the JVM to trust the Self-Signed CA certificate.
How do I accomplish that for python? Right now, when I try to install packages using pip, understandably, I get wonderful [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] errors.
I realize I can ignore them using the --trusted-host parameter, but I don't want to do that for every package I'm trying to install.
Is there a way to update the CA Certificate store that python uses?
Self-Signed Certificate Authorities pip / conda
After extensively documenting a similar problem with Git (How can I make git accept a self signed certificate?), here we are again behind a corporate firewall with a proxy giving us a MitM "attack" that we should trust and:
NEVER disable all SSL verification!
This creates a bad security culture. Don't be that person.
UPDATE 2022 Python 3.10
Can experimentally use the system truststore.
https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#using-system-trust-stores-for-verifying-https
# Requires Python 3.10 or later
python --version
Python 3.10.4
# Install the 'truststore' package from PyPI
python -m pip install truststore
# Use '--use-feature=truststore' flag to enable
python -m pip install SomePackage --use-feature=truststore
tl;dr: Configuring your own trust store CA bundle
pip config set global.cert path/to/ca-bundle.crt
pip config list
conda config --set ssl_verify path/to/ca-bundle.crt
conda config --show ssl_verify
# Bonus while we are here...
git config --global http.sslVerify true
git config --global http.sslCAInfo path/to/ca-bundle.crt
But where do we get ca-bundle.crt?
Get an up to date CA Bundle
cURL publishes an extract of the Certificate Authorities bundled with Mozilla Firefox
https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html
Direct Download
SHA256
I recommend you open up this cacert.pem file in a text editor as we will need to add our self-signed CA to this file.
Certificates are a document complying with X.509 but they can be encoded to disk a few ways. The below article is a good read but the short version is that we are dealing with the base64 encoding which is often called PEM in the file extensions. You will see it has the format:
----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----
....
base64 encoded binary data
....
----END CERTIFICATE----
https://support.ssl.com/Knowledgebase/Article/View/19/0/der-vs-crt-vs-cer-vs-pem-certificates-and-how-to-convert-them
Getting our Self Signed Certificate
Below are a few options on how to get our self signed certificate:
Via OpenSSL CLI
Via Browser
Via Python Scripting
Get our Self-Signed Certificate by OpenSSL CLI
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/451207/how-to-trust-self-signed-certificate-in-curl-command-line/468360#468360
echo quit | openssl s_client -showcerts -servername "curl.haxx.se" -connect curl.haxx.se:443 > cacert.pem
Get our Self-Signed Certificate Authority via Browser
Acquiring your CA: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50486128/622276
http://blog.majcica.com/2016/12/27/installing-self-signed-certificates-into-git-cert-store/
Thanks to this answer and the linked blog, it shows steps (on Windows) how to view the certificate and then copy to file using the base64 PEM encoding option.
Copy the contents of this exported file and paste it at the end of your cacerts.pem file.
For consistency rename this file cacerts.pem --> ca-bundle.crt and place it somewhere easy like:
# Windows
%USERPROFILE%\certs\ca-bundle.crt
# Linux/macOS
$HOME/certs/cabundle.crt
Get our Self-Signed Certificate Authority via Python
Thanks to all the brilliant answers in:
How to get response SSL certificate from requests in python?
I have put together the following to attempt to take it a step further.
https://github.com/neozenith/get-ca-py
Finally
Set the configuration in pip and conda so that it knows where this CA store resides with our extra self-signed CA.
# Windows
pip config set global.cert %USERPROFILE%\certs\ca-bundle.crt
conda config --set ssl_verify %USERPROFILE%\certs\ca-bundle.crt
OR
# Linux / macOS
pip config set global.cert $HOME/certs/ca-bundle.crt
conda config --set ssl_verify $HOME/certs/ca-bundle.crt
THEN
pip config list
conda config --show ssl_verify
# Hot tip: use -v to show where your pip config file is...
pip config list -v
# Example output for macOS and homebrew installed python
For variant 'global', will try loading '/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/jpeak/.pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/jpeak/.config/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'site', will try loading '/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/pip.conf'
Troubleshooting
Based on a great comment below
I've tried this and still get a SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)')) error. Any suggestions?
here is a troubleshooting guide:
This is the normal error message when the certificates authorities are not yet correctly setup.
It could be a variety of factors to check:
The paths to your ca-bundle.crt have the right path separators for your OS (it has stung me),
you may not have the latest CAs to verify normal certificates,
you may not have added your CA in the right encoding.
Python is effectively doing those 3 steps:
Find my CA store,
read all entries,
look up this certificate against my trust store.
If any of those fail you get this error message from experience.
Check this answer linked from below to display and check your ssl_cert_dir using:
python -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())"
References
Pip SSL: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#configuration
Conda SSL: https://stackoverflow.com/a/35804869/622276
Acquiring your CA: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50486128/622276
http://blog.majcica.com/2016/12/27/installing-self-signed-certificates-into-git-cert-store/
Using Python to automatically grab your Peer CA: How to get response SSL certificate from requests in python?
Run: python -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())" to check the current paths which are used to verify the certificate. Add your company's root certificate to one of those.
The path openssl_capath_env points to the environment variable: SSL_CERT_DIR.
If SSL_CERT_DIR doesn't exist, you will need to create it and point it to a valid folder within your filesystem. You can then add your certificate to this folder to use it.
Alternative solution on Windows is to install python-certifi-win32 that will allow Python to use Windows Certificate Store.
pip install python-certifi-win32
Not best answer but you can reuse an already created ca bundle using --cert option of pip, for instance:
pip install SQLAlchemy==1.1.15 --cert="C:\Users\myUser\certificates\my_ca-bundle.crt"
On Windows, I solved it by creating a pip.ini file in %APPDATA%\pip\
e.g. C:\Users\asmith\AppData\Roaming\pip\pip.ini
In the pip.ini I put the path to my certificate:
[global]
cert=C:\Users\asmith\SSL\teco-ca.crt
https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#configuration has more information about the configuration file.
I think nt86's solution is the most appropriate because it leverages the underlying Windows infrastructure (certificate store).
But it doesn't explain how to install python-certifi-win32 to start with since pip is non functional.
The trick is to use --trustedhost to install python-certifi-win32 and then after that, pip will automatically use the windows certificate store to load the certificate used by the proxy.
So in a nutshell, you should do:
pip install python-certifi-win32 -trustedhost pypi.org
and after that you should be good to go
In my scenario, on Ubuntu using python 3.8, I wanted to see what I could change in my local system (rather than code or a installing a new package) that would allow me to utilize my custom CA and my self-signed certs.
So I just traced where python was looking:
strace python my_prog 2> out.txt
Then grepped the output for pem (you may need to look for "crt" "cert")
grep -i pem out.txt
Even though certifi wasn't ever explicitely installed, the file it was looking for was:
/path/to/virtualenv/for/project/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
So I renamed the old file and linked it to my system's ca bundle (e.g., /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt)
And now it worked.
Open Anaconda Navigator.
Go to File\Preferences.
Enable SSL verification Disable (not recommended)
or Enable and indicate SSL certificate path(Optional)
Update a package to a specific version:
Select Install on Top-Right
Select package click on tick
Mark for update
Mark for specific version installation
Click Apply