my project is to capture a log number from Google Sheet using gspread module. But now the problem is that the log number captured is in the form of string ".\1300". I only want the number in the string but I could not remove it using the below code.
Tried using .replace() function to replace "\" with "" but failed.
a='.\1362'
a.replace('\\',"")
Should obtain the string "1362" without the symbol.
But the result obtained is ".^2"
The problem is that \136 has special meaning (similar to \n for newline, \t for tab, etc). Seemingly it represents ^.
Check out the following example:
a = '.\1362'
a = a.replace('\\',"")
print(a)
b = r'.\1362'
b = b.replace('\\',"")
print(b)
Produces
.^2
.\1362
Now, if your Google Sheets module sends .\1362 instead of .\\1362, if is very likely because you are in fact supposed to receive .^2. Or, there's a problem with your character encoding somewhere along the way.
The r modifier I put on the b variable means raw string, meaning Python will not interpret backlashes and leave your string alone. This is only really useful when typing the strings in manually, but you could perhaps try:
a = r'{}'.format(yourStringFromGoogle)
Edit: As pointed out in the comments, the original code did in fact discard the result of the .replace() method. I've updated the code, but please note that the string interpolation issue remains the same.
When you do a='.\1362', a will only have three bytes:
a = '.\1362'`
print(len(a)) # => 3
That is because \132 represents a single character. If you want to create a six byte string with a dot, a slash, and the digits 1362, you either need to escape the backslash, or create a raw string:
a = r'.\1362'
print(len(a)) # => 6
In either case, calling replace on a string will not replace the characters in that string. a will still be what it was before calling replace. Instead, replace returns a new string:
a = r'.\1362'
b = a.replace('\\', '')
print(a) # => .\1362
print(b) # => .1362
So, if you want to replace characters, calling replace is the way to do it, but you've got to save the result in a new variable or overwrite the old.
See String and Bytes literals in the official python documentation for more information.
Your string should contains 2 backslashes like this .\\1362 or use r'.\1362' (which is declaring the string as raw and then it will be converted to normal during compile time). If there is only one backslash, Python will understand that \136 mean ^ as you can see (ref: link)
Whats happening here is that \1362 is being encoded as ^2 because of the backslash, so you need to make the string raw before you're able to use it, you can do this by doing
a = r'{}'.format(rawInputString)
or if you're on python3.6+ you can do
a = rf'{rawInputString}'
Related
I want to check whether the given string is single- or double-quoted. If it is single quote I want to convert it to be double quote, else it has to be same double quote.
There is no difference between "single quoted" and "double quoted" strings in Python:
both are parsed internally to string objects.
I mean:
a = "European Swallow"
b = 'African Swallow'
Are internally string objects.
However you might mean to add an extra quote inside an string object, so that the content itself show up quoted when printed/exported?
c = "'Unladen Swallow'"
If you have a mix of quotes inside a string like:
a = """ Merry "Christmas"! Happy 'new year'! """
Then you can use the "replace" method to convert then all into one type:
a = a.replace('"', "'")
If you happen to have nested strings, then replace first the existing quotes to escaped quotes, and later the otuer quotes:
a = """This is an example: "containing 'nested' strings" """
a = a.replace("'", "\\\'")
a = a.replace('"', "'")
Sounds like you are working with JSON. I would just make sure it is always a double quoted like this:
doubleQString = "{0}".format('my normal string')
with open('sampledict.json','w') as f:
json.dump(doubleQString ,f)
Notice I'm using dump, not dumps.
Sampledict.json will look like this:
"my normal string"
In my case I needed to print list in json format.
This worked for me:
f'''"inputs" : {str(vec).replace("'", '"')},\n'''
Output:
"inputs" : ["Input_Vector0_0_0", "Input_Vector0_0_1"],
Before without replace:
f'"inputs" : {vec},\n'
"inputs" : ['Input_Vector0_0_0', 'Input_Vector0_0_1'],
The difference is only on input. They are the same.
s = "hi"
t = 'hi'
s == t
True
You can even do:
"hi" == 'hi'
True
Providing both methods is useful because you can for example have your string contain either ' or " directly without escaping.
In Python, there is no difference between strings that are single or double quoted, so I don't know why you would want to do this. However, if you actually mean single quote characters inside a string, then to replace them with double quotes, you would do this: mystring.replace('\'', '"')
Actually, none of the answers above as far as I know answers the question, the question how to convert a single quoted string to a double quoted one, regardless if for python is interchangeable one can be using Python to autogenerate code where is not.
One example can be trying to generate a SQL statement where which quotes are used can be very important, and furthermore a simple replace between double quote and single quote may not be so simple (i.e., you may have double quotes enclosed in single quotes).
print('INSERT INTO xx.xx VALUES' + str(tuple(['a',"b'c",'dfg'])) +';')
Which returns:
INSERT INTO xx.xx VALUES('a', "b'c", 'dfg');
At the moment I do not have a clear answer for this particular question but I thought worth pointing out in case someone knows. (Will come back if I figure it out though)
If you're talking about converting quotes inside a string, One thing you could do is replace single quotes with double quotes in the resulting string and use that. Something like this:
def toDouble(stmt):
return stmt.replace("'",'"')
I'm trying to find a way to print a string in raw form from a variable. For instance, if I add an environment variable to Windows for a path, which might look like 'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\', I know I can do:
print(r'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\')
But I cant put an r in front of a variable.... for instance:
test = 'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\'
print(rtest)
Clearly would just try to print rtest.
I also know there's
test = 'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\'
print(repr(test))
But this returns 'C:\\Windows\\Users\x07lexb'
as does
test = 'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\'
print(test.encode('string-escape'))
So I'm wondering if there's any elegant way to make a variable holding that path print RAW, still using test? It would be nice if it was just
print(raw(test))
But its not
I had a similar problem and stumbled upon this question, and know thanks to Nick Olson-Harris' answer that the solution lies with changing the string.
Two ways of solving it:
Get the path you want using native python functions, e.g.:
test = os.getcwd() # In case the path in question is your current directory
print(repr(test))
This makes it platform independent and it now works with .encode. If this is an option for you, it's the more elegant solution.
If your string is not a path, define it in a way compatible with python strings, in this case by escaping your backslashes:
test = 'C:\\Windows\\Users\\alexb\\'
print(repr(test))
In general, to make a raw string out of a string variable, I use this:
string = "C:\\Windows\Users\alexb"
raw_string = r"{}".format(string)
output:
'C:\\\\Windows\\Users\\alexb'
You can't turn an existing string "raw". The r prefix on literals is understood by the parser; it tells it to ignore escape sequences in the string. However, once a string literal has been parsed, there's no difference between a raw string and a "regular" one. If you have a string that contains a newline, for instance, there's no way to tell at runtime whether that newline came from the escape sequence \n, from a literal newline in a triple-quoted string (perhaps even a raw one!), from calling chr(10), by reading it from a file, or whatever else you might be able to come up with. The actual string object constructed from any of those methods looks the same.
I know i'm too late for the answer but for people reading this I found a much easier way for doing it
myVariable = 'This string is supposed to be raw \'
print(r'%s' %myVariable)
try this. Based on what type of output you want. sometime you may not need single quote around printed string.
test = "qweqwe\n1212as\t121\\2asas"
print(repr(test)) # output: 'qweqwe\n1212as\t121\\2asas'
print( repr(test).strip("'")) # output: qweqwe\n1212as\t121\\2asas
Get rid of the escape characters before storing or manipulating the raw string:
You could change any backslashes of the path '\' to forward slashes '/' before storing them in a variable. The forward slashes don't need to be escaped:
>>> mypath = os.getcwd().replace('\\','/')
>>> os.path.exists(mypath)
True
>>>
Just simply use r'string'. Hope this will help you as I see you haven't got your expected answer yet:
test = 'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\'
rawtest = r'%s' %test
I have my variable assigned to big complex pattern string for using with re module and it is concatenated with few other strings and in the end I want to print it then copy and check on regex101.com.
But when I print it in the interactive mode I get double slash - '\\w'
as #Jimmynoarms said:
The Solution for python 3x:
print(r'%s' % your_variable_pattern_str)
Your particular string won't work as typed because of the escape characters at the end \", won't allow it to close on the quotation.
Maybe I'm just wrong on that one because I'm still very new to python so if so please correct me but, changing it slightly to adjust for that, the repr() function will do the job of reproducing any string stored in a variable as a raw string.
You can do it two ways:
>>>print("C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\\")
C:\Windows\Users\alexb\
>>>print(r"C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\\")
C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\\
Store it in a variable:
test = "C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\\"
Use repr():
>>>print(repr(test))
'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\\'
or string replacement with %r
print("%r" %test)
'C:\\Windows\Users\alexb\\'
The string will be reproduced with single quotes though so you would need to strip those off afterwards.
To turn a variable to raw str, just use
rf"{var}"
r is raw and f is f-str; put them together and boom it works.
Replace back-slash with forward-slash using one of the below:
re.sub(r"\", "/", x)
re.sub(r"\", "/", x)
This does the trick
>>> repr(string)[1:-1]
Here is the proof
>>> repr("\n")[1:-1] == r"\n"
True
And it can be easily extrapolated into a function if need be
>>> raw = lambda string: repr(string)[1:-1]
>>> raw("\n")
'\\n'
i wrote a small function.. but works for me
def conv(strng):
k=strng
k=k.replace('\a','\\a')
k=k.replace('\b','\\b')
k=k.replace('\f','\\f')
k=k.replace('\n','\\n')
k=k.replace('\r','\\r')
k=k.replace('\t','\\t')
k=k.replace('\v','\\v')
return k
Here is a straightforward solution.
address = 'C:\Windows\Users\local'
directory ="r'"+ address +"'"
print(directory)
"r'C:\\Windows\\Users\\local'"
PHP4+mySQL4 based project post to Django 1.1 project and it mixes up some letters.
What is the best way (most efficient) to replace in this fashion?
The problem for me is that i cannot get values for those letters. Is there an online tool to do that?
I have textField with various letters and i want to replace those in this fashion:
àèæëáðøûþ => ąčęėįšųūž
ÀÈÆËÁÐØÛÞ => ĄČĘĖĮŠŲŪŽ
I had similar case where i had to clean up the code so i used this:
def clean(string):
return ''.join([c for c in string if ord(c) > 31 or ord(c) in [9, 10, 13]] )
Update: i succeeded to extract Unicode values looking at Django debug messages (replace_from:replace_to):
{'\xe0':'\u0105', '\xe8':'\u010d', '\xe6':'\u0119', '\xeb':'\u0117', '\xe1':'\u012f',
'\xf0':'\u0161', '\xf8':'\u0179', '\xfb':'\u016b', '\xfe':'\u017e',
'\xc0':'\u0104', '\xc8':'\u010c', '\xc6':'\u0118', '\xcb':'\u0116', '\xc1':'\u012e',
'\xd0':'\u0160', '\xd8':'\u0172', '\xdb':'\u016a', '\xde':'\u017d'
So the main problem remains - replacing
Try the str.replace() method - should work with unicode strings.
str.replace(old, new[, count])
Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
Make sure your old and new strings are of type Unicode
(that applies to your input data as well).
Find out what your input (non-unicode) string is supposed to be encoded in.
For example, it may be in latin1 encoding.
Use the builtin str.decode() method to create a Unicode version of your data,
and feed that to str.replace().
>>> unioldchars = oldchars.decode("latin1")
>>> newdata = data.replace(unioldchars, newchars)
I'd do it myself. The built-in replace function is of little use if you want multiple, efficient replacements.
Give this a look: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/81330-single-pass-multiple-replace/
EDIT: WAIT, you wanted to do the replacement client-side, like in the text-box?
string.translate(s, table[, deletechars])
Delete all characters from s that are in deletechars (if
present), and then translate the characters using table, which must be
a 256-character string giving the translation for each character value,
indexed by its ordinal. If table is None, then only the character deletion
step is performed.
See also http://docs.python.org/library/string.html#string.maketrans
i have a noob question.
I have a record in a table that looks like '\1abc'
I then use this string as a regex replacement in re.sub("([0-9])",thereplacement,"2")
I'm a little confused with the backslashes. The string i got back was "\\1abc"
Are you using python interactivly?
In regular string you need to escape backslashes in your code, or use r"..." (Link to docs). If you are running python interactivly and don't assign the results from your database to a variable, it'll be printed out using it's __repr__() method.
>>> s = "\\1abc"
>>> s
'\\1abc' # <-- How it's represented in Python code
>>> print s
\1abc # <-- The actual string
Also, your re.sub is a bit weird. 1) Maybe you meant [0-9] as the pattern? (Matching a single digit). The arguments are probably switche too, if thereplacement is your input. This is the syntax:
re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0)
So my guess is you expect something like this:
>>> s_in = yourDbMagic() # Which returns \1abc
>>> s_out = re.sub("[0-9]", "2", s_in)
>>> print s_in, s_out
\1abc \2abc
Edit: Tried to better explain escaping/representation.
Note that you can make \ stop being an escape character by setting standard_conforming_strings to on.
I want to check whether the given string is single- or double-quoted. If it is single quote I want to convert it to be double quote, else it has to be same double quote.
There is no difference between "single quoted" and "double quoted" strings in Python:
both are parsed internally to string objects.
I mean:
a = "European Swallow"
b = 'African Swallow'
Are internally string objects.
However you might mean to add an extra quote inside an string object, so that the content itself show up quoted when printed/exported?
c = "'Unladen Swallow'"
If you have a mix of quotes inside a string like:
a = """ Merry "Christmas"! Happy 'new year'! """
Then you can use the "replace" method to convert then all into one type:
a = a.replace('"', "'")
If you happen to have nested strings, then replace first the existing quotes to escaped quotes, and later the otuer quotes:
a = """This is an example: "containing 'nested' strings" """
a = a.replace("'", "\\\'")
a = a.replace('"', "'")
Sounds like you are working with JSON. I would just make sure it is always a double quoted like this:
doubleQString = "{0}".format('my normal string')
with open('sampledict.json','w') as f:
json.dump(doubleQString ,f)
Notice I'm using dump, not dumps.
Sampledict.json will look like this:
"my normal string"
In my case I needed to print list in json format.
This worked for me:
f'''"inputs" : {str(vec).replace("'", '"')},\n'''
Output:
"inputs" : ["Input_Vector0_0_0", "Input_Vector0_0_1"],
Before without replace:
f'"inputs" : {vec},\n'
"inputs" : ['Input_Vector0_0_0', 'Input_Vector0_0_1'],
The difference is only on input. They are the same.
s = "hi"
t = 'hi'
s == t
True
You can even do:
"hi" == 'hi'
True
Providing both methods is useful because you can for example have your string contain either ' or " directly without escaping.
In Python, there is no difference between strings that are single or double quoted, so I don't know why you would want to do this. However, if you actually mean single quote characters inside a string, then to replace them with double quotes, you would do this: mystring.replace('\'', '"')
Actually, none of the answers above as far as I know answers the question, the question how to convert a single quoted string to a double quoted one, regardless if for python is interchangeable one can be using Python to autogenerate code where is not.
One example can be trying to generate a SQL statement where which quotes are used can be very important, and furthermore a simple replace between double quote and single quote may not be so simple (i.e., you may have double quotes enclosed in single quotes).
print('INSERT INTO xx.xx VALUES' + str(tuple(['a',"b'c",'dfg'])) +';')
Which returns:
INSERT INTO xx.xx VALUES('a', "b'c", 'dfg');
At the moment I do not have a clear answer for this particular question but I thought worth pointing out in case someone knows. (Will come back if I figure it out though)
If you're talking about converting quotes inside a string, One thing you could do is replace single quotes with double quotes in the resulting string and use that. Something like this:
def toDouble(stmt):
return stmt.replace("'",'"')