I want to make hotstrings in python that converts one word when typed into another after some processing, since AHK is very limiting when it comes to determining which word to type. Right now, I am using a hotstring in ahk that runs code on the command line that runs a python script with the word that I typed as arguments. Then I use pyautogui to type the word. However, this is very slow and does not work when typing at speed. I'm looking for a way to do this all with python and without ahk, but I have not found a way to do hotstrings in python. For example, every time I type the word "test" it replaces it with "testing." Thanks for your help. I'm running the latest version of Python and Windows 10 if that is useful to anyone by the way.
(if you want to process it as each letter is typed(t,te,tes,test), you should edit your question)
I call my SymPy functions using ahk hotkeys. I register the python script as a COM server and load it using ahk.
I do not notice any latency.
you'll need pywin32, but don't download using pip install pywin32
download from https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32/releases
OR ELSE IT WON'T WORK for AutoHotkeyU64.exe, it will only work for AutoHotkeyU32.exe.
make sure to download amd64, (I downloaded pywin32-300.win-amd64-py3.8.exe)
here's why: how to register a 64bit python COM server
toUppercase COM server.py
class BasicServer:
# list of all method names exposed to COM
_public_methods_ = ["toUppercase"]
#staticmethod
def toUppercase(string):
return string.upper()
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print("Error: need to supply arg (""--register"" or ""--unregister"")")
sys.exit(1)
else:
import win32com.server.register
import win32com.server.exception
# this server's CLSID
# NEVER copy the following ID
# Use "print(pythoncom.CreateGuid())" to make a new one.
myClsid="{C70F3BF7-2947-4F87-B31E-9F5B8B13D24F}"
# this server's (user-friendly) program ID
myProgID="Python.stringUppercaser"
import ctypes
def make_sure_is_admin():
try:
if ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin():
return
except:
pass
exit("YOU MUST RUN THIS AS ADMIN")
if sys.argv[1] == "--register":
make_sure_is_admin()
import pythoncom
import os.path
realPath = os.path.realpath(__file__)
dirName = os.path.dirname(realPath)
nameOfThisFile = os.path.basename(realPath)
nameNoExt = os.path.splitext(nameOfThisFile)[0]
# stuff will be written here
# HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\CLSID\${myClsid}
# HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\CLSID\{C70F3BF7-2947-4F87-B31E-9F5B8B13D24F}
# and here
# HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\${myProgID}
# HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Python.stringUppercaser
win32com.server.register.RegisterServer(
clsid=myClsid,
# I guess this is {fileNameNoExt}.{className}
pythonInstString=nameNoExt + ".BasicServer", #toUppercase COM server.BasicServer
progID=myProgID,
# optional description
desc="return uppercased string",
#we only want the registry key LocalServer32
#we DO NOT WANT InProcServer32: pythoncom39.dll, NO NO NO
clsctx=pythoncom.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
#this is needed if this file isn't in PYTHONPATH: it tells regedit which directory this file is located
#this will write HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\CLSID\{C70F3BF7-2947-4F87-B31E-9F5B8B13D24F}\PythonCOMPath : dirName
addnPath=dirName,
)
print("Registered COM server.")
# don't use UseCommandLine(), as it will write InProcServer32: pythoncom39.dll
# win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(BasicServer)
elif sys.argv[1] == "--unregister":
make_sure_is_admin()
print("Starting to unregister...")
win32com.server.register.UnregisterServer(myClsid, myProgID)
print("Unregistered COM server.")
else:
print("Error: arg not recognized")
you first need to register the python COM server:
first, get your own CLSID: just use a python shell.
import pythoncom
print(pythoncom.CreateGuid())
then, set myClsid to that output
to register:
python "toUppercase COM server.py" --register
to unregister:
python "toUppercase COM server.py" --unregister
hotstring python toUppercase.ahk
#NoEnv ; Recommended for performance and compatibility with future AutoHotkey releases.
#SingleInstance, force
SendMode Input ; Recommended for new scripts due to its superior speed and reliability.
SetWorkingDir %A_ScriptDir% ; Ensures a consistent starting directory.
SetBatchLines, -1
#KeyHistory 0
ListLines Off
#Persistent
#MaxThreadsPerHotkey 4
pythonComServer:=ComObjCreate("Python.stringUppercaser")
; OR
; pythonComServer:=ComObjCreate("{C70F3BF7-2947-4F87-B31E-9F5B8B13D24F}") ;use your own CLSID
; * do not wait for string to end
; C case sensitive
:*:hello world::
savedHotstring:=A_ThisHotkey
;theActualHotstring=savedHotstring[second colon:end of string]
theActualHotstring:=SubStr(savedHotstring, InStr(savedHotstring, ":",, 2) + 1)
send, % pythonComServer.toUppercase(theActualHotstring)
return
f3::Exitapp
you can test the speed of hotstring hello world, it's very fast for me.
Edit def toUppercase(string): to your liking
Import scapy version 2.4.0. I am only using version 2.4.0 for my project
import scapy.all as scapy
import sys
by using IP address this function return related MAC address of the target
def get_mac(ip):
arp_request = scapy.ARP(pdst=ip)
broadcast = scapy.Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
arp_request_broadcast = broadcast/arp_request
answered_list = scapy.srp(arp_request_broadcast, timeout=1, verbose=False)[0]
return answered_list[0][1].hwsrc
def sniff(interface):
scapy.sniff(iface=interface, store=False, prn=process_sniffed_packet)
This function checks whether default gateway MAC address is equal to my PC's MAC address table. if not it says "[+] You are under attack!!
def process_sniffed_packet(packet):
if packet.haslayer(scapy.ARP) and packet[scapy.ARP].op == 2:
count = 1
try:
real_mac = get_mac(packet[scapy.ARP].psrc)
response_mac = packet[scapy.ARP].hwsrc
if real_mac != response_mac:
count = count+1
print(str(count) + "[+] You are under attack!!")
sys.stdout.flush()
except IndexError:
pass
in Linux, we can use a value like 'etho' but In windows, I have to use GUID value to get the result. I am running this code in Windows Machine.
sniff('{1619EEF1-4D71-4831-87AC-8E5DC3AA516A}')
But this code return error
This is the Error that got raised
raise ValueError("Unknown network interface %r" % name)
ValueError: Unknown network interface '{1619EEF1-4D71-4831-87AC-
8E5DC3AA516A}'
On Windows, you need to provide a complete interface name / object, to be able to sniff on it.
First, have a look at what is available using IFACES.show() in a Scapy shell.
Then to get the interface, you can either use:
iface = IFACES.dev_from_name("...") (or dev_from_pcapname, dev_from_id... have a look at help(IFACES) to see what’s available)
iface = "the full name as printed above"
Then use it via sniff(iface=iface).
You could provide the pcap_name, but not the GUID: for instance, it would be something like \\Device\\NPF_{...} rather than just {...}.
Also, please use scapy 2.4.3rc1 (or at least 2.4.2) to be sure you’re up-to-date
I solved the scapy error ValueError: Unknown network interface on windows by installing npcap
I am trying to write a Volatility plugin to extract configuration file used by a malware from memory dump. However, when I run this plugin (without 'sudo') without root privileges the plugin crashes at the line yara.compile. If I run this plugin with 'sudo', code after yara.compile line is not getting executed. I am not sure why yara.compile is causing this problem. Could someone help me with this? Following is the code I have written:
import volatility.plugins.common as common
import volatility.utils as utils
import volatility.win32.tasks as tasks
import volatility.debug as debug
import volatility.plugins.malware.malfind as malfind
import volatility.conf as conf
import volatility.plugins.taskmods as taskmods
try:
import yara
HAS_YARA = True
except ImportError:
HAS_YARA = False
YARA_SIGS = {
'malware_conf' : 'rule malware_conf {strings: $a = /<settings/ condition: $a}'
}
class malwarescan(taskmods.PSList):
def get_vad_base(self, task, address):
for vad in task.VadRoot.traverse():
if address >= vad.Start and address < vad.End:
return vad.Start
return None
def calculate(self):
if not HAS_YARA:
debug.error('Yara must be installed for this plugin')
print "in calculate function"
kernel_space = utils.load_as(self._config)
print "before yara compile"
rules = yara.compile(sources=YARA_SIGS)
print "after yara compile"
for process in tasks.pslist(kernel_space):
if "IEXPLORE.EXE".lower() == process.ImageFileName.lower():
scanner = malfind.VadYaraScanner(task=process, rules=rules)
for hit, address in scanner.scan():
vad_base_addr = self.get_vad_base(process, address)
yield process, address
def render_text(self, outfd, data):
for process, address in data:
outfd.write("Process: {0}, Pid: {1}\n".format(process.ImageFileName, process.UniqueProcessId))
So when I run this plugin with root privilege, I dont see the line "print 'after yara compile'" gets executed. What could be the reason? Thank you.
I installed "yara" through "pip". If you install yara through pip, you actually get yara-ctypes (https://github.com/mjdorma/yara-ctypes) which is a bit different than yara-python. So I uninstalled yara-ctypes and installed yara-python. Then it worked.
EDIT: Turns out the problem has to do with the path.
If I cd into the directory containing the library and run python __init__.py the imports all work fine. It's if I'm in a different directory and try to import the library itself (i.e. in the parent directory, and trying to import) that the failure occurs.
I don't see any way to literally specify a path for an import statement.
So, I'm wondering if the best way is just to add the directory in scriptDir to the sys.path? Is this the best way to do it? I feel like there should be a more elegant method, but...
I want to write a library that I will be able to extend very easily.
Here's some skeleton/pseudo code for what I want to do. In reality this code is a lot more complex, but it follows the basic premise - import each file, check it, and determine if we should use it; then allocate it into a list of module references. All of this would be contained in a single library folder.
I want the library, when imported, to dynamically import any file found in its directory starting with "plugin_". See the code:
init.py:
import os.path
scriptDir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
mods = []
thisMod = 0
for file in os.listdir(scriptDir):
if (file[0:7] == "plugin_" and file[-3:] == ".py"):
thisMod = __import__(".".join(file.split(".")[0:-1]))
print "debug: imported %s" % thisMod.modName
if (thisMod.enable == True):
mods.append(thisMod)
else:
print "debug: not loading %s because it's disabled." % thisMod.modName
def listMods():
"This function should print the names of all loaded modules."
for m in mods:
print "debug: module %s" % m.modName
def runMods():
"This function should execute the run method for ALL modules."
for m in mods:
c = m.ModuleClass()
c.run()
def selectMod(modNum):
"This function should let us select a single module for the runSelectedMod function."
thisMod = mods[modNum]
def runSelectedMod():
"This function should run the 'run' method for ONLY the previously selected module."
if (thisMod == 0):
raise ArgumentError("you didn't assign a module yet.")
c = thisMod.ModuleClass()
c.run()
plugin_test1.py
modName = "test module 1"
enable = True
class ModuleClass:
def run(self):
print "test module 1 is running"
plugin_math.py
modName = "math module"
enable = True
class ModuleClass:
def run(self):
print "mathematical result: %d" % (1+1)
plugin_bad.py
modName = "bad module"
enable = False
class ModuleClass:
def __init__(self):
print "x"[4] # throws IndexError, this code should not run.
def run(self):
print "divide by zero: %f" % (5 / 0) # this code should not run.
The problem I've already found is import won't work since I'm not importing whole libraries, but rather individual files. I'm guessing there is either an alternate syntax to import for this purpose? For example, import plugin_test and from plugin_math import ModuleClass work but my use of import isn't. I get an error:
thisMod = __import__(".".join(file.split(".")[0:-1]))
ImportError: No module named plugin_test1
Now, another question is: How will this end up working if I use py2exe, py2app, etc. to compile this into a compact library? If I recall, don't these apps compress all the local libraries into a site_packages.zip file?...
I'm still learning how to do this type of advanced coding in Python, so any advice is appreciated.
Thanks!
I was able to run it in Python 3. The only change not regarding syntax is the scriptDir:
import os.path
scriptDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
mods = []
thisMod = 0
for file in os.listdir(scriptDir):
if (file[0:7] == "plugin_" and file[-3:] == ".py"):
thisMod = __import__(".".join(file.split(".")[0:-1]))
print ("debug: imported %s" % thisMod.modName)
if (thisMod.enable == True):
mods.append(thisMod)
else:
print ("debug: not loading %s because it's disabled." % thisMod.modName)
def listMods():
"This function should print the names of all loaded modules."
for m in mods:
print ("debug: module %s" % m.modName)
def runMods():
"This function should execute the run method for ALL modules."
for m in mods:
c = m.ModuleClass()
c.run()
def selectMod(modNum):
"This function should let us select a single module for the runSelectedMod function."
thisMod = mods[modNum]
def runSelectedMod():
"This function should run the 'run' method for ONLY the previously selected module."
if (thisMod == 0):
raise ArgumentError("you didn't assign a module yet.")
c = thisMod.ModuleClass()
c.run()
gives:
C:\Users\mm\Desktop\ING.SW\python>python so\dina.py
debug: imported bad module
debug: not loading bad module because it's disabled.
debug: imported math module
debug: imported test module 1
I guess you have a different problem, since the file name is actually read (as it's printed in the error message), but still...
How can I change my desktop background with python?
I want to do it in both Windows and Linux.
On Windows with python2.5 or higher, use ctypes to load user32.dll and call SystemParametersInfo() with SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER action.
For example:
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, "image.jpg" , 0)
For Python3.5, SystemParametersInfoA doesn't work. Use SystemParametersInfoW.
import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20, 0, "absolute path" , 0)
I use the following method in one of my initial projects:
def set_wallpaper(self,file_loc, first_run):
# Note: There are two common Linux desktop environments where
# I have not been able to set the desktop background from
# command line: KDE, Enlightenment
desktop_env = self.get_desktop_environment()
try:
if desktop_env in ["gnome", "unity", "cinnamon"]:
uri = "'file://%s'" % file_loc
try:
SCHEMA = "org.gnome.desktop.background"
KEY = "picture-uri"
gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(SCHEMA)
gsettings.set_string(KEY, uri)
except:
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.gnome.desktop.background", "picture-uri", uri]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="mate":
try: # MATE >= 1.6
# info from http://wiki.mate-desktop.org/docs:gsettings
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.mate.background", "picture-filename", "'%s'" % file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except: # MATE < 1.6
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["mateconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/mate/background/picture_filename",'"%s"' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="gnome2": # Not tested
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["gconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename", '"%s"' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
## KDE4 is difficult
## see http://blog.zx2c4.com/699 for a solution that might work
elif desktop_env in ["kde3", "trinity"]:
# From http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-803417.html
args = 'dcop kdesktop KBackgroundIface setWallpaper 0 "%s" 6' % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="xfce4":
#From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/2055/change-wallpaper-for-xfce4-4.6.0
if first_run:
args0 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path", "-s", file_loc]
args1 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-style", "-s", "3"]
args2 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-show", "-s", "true"]
subprocess.Popen(args0)
subprocess.Popen(args1)
subprocess.Popen(args2)
args = ["xfdesktop","--reload"]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="razor-qt": #TODO: implement reload of desktop when possible
if first_run:
desktop_conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
# Development version
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_config_dir("razor"),"desktop.conf")
if os.path.isfile(desktop_conf_file):
config_option = r"screens\1\desktops\1\wallpaper"
else:
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".razor/desktop.conf")
config_option = r"desktops\1\wallpaper"
desktop_conf.read(os.path.join(desktop_conf_file))
try:
if desktop_conf.has_option("razor",config_option): #only replacing a value
desktop_conf.set("razor",config_option,file_loc)
with codecs.open(desktop_conf_file, "w", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
desktop_conf.write(f)
except:
pass
else:
#TODO: reload desktop when possible
pass
elif desktop_env in ["fluxbox","jwm","openbox","afterstep"]:
#http://fluxbox-wiki.org/index.php/Howto_set_the_background
# used fbsetbg on jwm too since I am too lazy to edit the XML configuration
# now where fbsetbg does the job excellent anyway.
# and I have not figured out how else it can be set on Openbox and AfterSTep
# but fbsetbg works excellent here too.
try:
args = ["fbsetbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper with fbsetbg!\n")
sys.stderr.write("Please make sre that You have fbsetbg installed.\n")
elif desktop_env=="icewm":
# command found at http://urukrama.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/desktop-backgrounds-in-window-managers/
args = ["icewmbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="blackbox":
# command found at http://blackboxwm.sourceforge.net/BlackboxDocumentation/BlackboxBackground
args = ["bsetbg", "-full", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="lxde":
args = "pcmanfm --set-wallpaper %s --wallpaper-mode=scaled" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="windowmaker":
# From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/3857/set-wallpaper-on-windowmaker-in-one-line
args = "wmsetbg -s -u %s" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
## NOT TESTED BELOW - don't want to mess things up ##
#elif desktop_env=="enlightenment": # I have not been able to make it work on e17. On e16 it would have been something in this direction
# args = "enlightenment_remote -desktop-bg-add 0 0 0 0 %s" % file_loc
# subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
#elif desktop_env=="windows": #Not tested since I do not run this on Windows
# #From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1977694/change-desktop-background
# import ctypes
# SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
# ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, file_loc , 0)
#elif desktop_env=="mac": #Not tested since I do not have a mac
# #From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/431205/how-can-i-programatically-change-the-background-in-mac-os-x
# try:
# from appscript import app, mactypes
# app('Finder').desktop_picture.set(mactypes.File(file_loc))
# except ImportError:
# #import subprocess
# SCRIPT = """/usr/bin/osascript<<END
# tell application "Finder" to
# set desktop picture to POSIX file "%s"
# end tell
# END"""
# subprocess.Popen(SCRIPT%file_loc, shell=True)
else:
if first_run: #don't spam the user with the same message over and over again
sys.stderr.write("Warning: Failed to set wallpaper. Your desktop environment is not supported.")
sys.stderr.write("You can try manually to set Your wallpaper to %s" % file_loc)
return False
return True
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper. There might be a bug.\n")
return False
def get_config_dir(self, app_name=APP_NAME):
if "XDG_CONFIG_HOME" in os.environ:
confighome = os.environ['XDG_CONFIG_HOME']
elif "APPDATA" in os.environ: # On Windows
confighome = os.environ['APPDATA']
else:
try:
from xdg import BaseDirectory
confighome = BaseDirectory.xdg_config_home
except ImportError: # Most likely a Linux/Unix system anyway
confighome = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".config")
configdir = os.path.join(confighome,app_name)
return configdir
def get_home_dir(self):
if sys.platform == "cygwin":
home_dir = os.getenv('HOME')
else:
home_dir = os.getenv('USERPROFILE') or os.getenv('HOME')
if home_dir is not None:
return os.path.normpath(home_dir)
else:
raise KeyError("Neither USERPROFILE or HOME environment variables set.")
The get_desktop_environment method has been posted in another thread.
On a gnome desktop, you usually do this with gconf, either directly calling gconftool or using the gconf python module. The latter is in the link given by unutbu. The first method could be done like this.
import commands
command = "gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename --type string '/path/to/file.jpg'"
status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(command) # status=0 if success
In gnome, it is probably preferable to use the python binding of gconf directly:
import gconf
conf = gconf.client_get_default()
conf.set_string('/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename','/path/to/filename.jpg')
On windows, you will need some trickery with pywin32, and the windows API, on 'linux' the answer will depend on which desktop is running - KDE, Gnome, or something more exotic. Under KDE (and maybe Gnome) you can probably send a message using D-Bus, which you could do without including any new libraries by using the command line tool dbus-send.
The other option would be to set the desktop wallpaper to a file which you then edit / replace from python - but this will probably only result in a change when the user logs in.
Firstly, import ctypes: it gives you access to windows components such as the screensaver, wallpapers, etc.
Then call
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(20, 0, the_complete_path_of_your_image, 0)
Make sure the path is the complete path of your image, not just the path from the active directory
There is a difference what SystemParametersInfo method to be called based on what if you are running on 64 bit or 32 bit OS. For 64 bit you have to use SystemParametersInfoW (Unicode) and for 32 bit SystemParametersInfoA (ANSI)
import struct
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
WALLPAPER_PATH = 'C:\\your_file_name.jpg'
def is_64_windows():
"""Find out how many bits is OS. """
return struct.calcsize('P') * 8 == 64
def get_sys_parameters_info():
"""Based on if this is 32bit or 64bit returns correct version of SystemParametersInfo function. """
return ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW if is_64_windows() \
else ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA
def change_wallpaper():
sys_parameters_info = get_sys_parameters_info()
r = sys_parameters_info(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, WALLPAPER_PATH, 3)
# When the SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER flag is used,
# SystemParametersInfo returns TRUE
# unless there is an error (like when the specified file doesn't exist).
if not r:
print(ctypes.WinError())
change_wallpaper()
import ctypes,win32con
def getWallpaper():
ubuf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(512)
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(win32con.SPI_GETDESKWALLPAPER,len(ubuf),ubuf,0)
return ubuf.value
def setWallpaper(path):
changed = win32con.SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | win32con.SPIF_SENDCHANGE
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(win32con.SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER,0,path,changed)
Alternatively: (with SystemParametersInfoA)
def getWallpaper():
sbuf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(512) # ctypes.c_buffer(512)
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(win32con.SPI_GETDESKWALLPAPER,len(sbuf),sbuf,0)
return sbuf.value
def setWallpaper(path):
changed = win32con.SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | win32con.SPIF_SENDCHANGE
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(win32con.SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER,0,path.encode(),changed) # "".encode() = b""
Arguments are:
SystemParametersInfo(SetOrGet, GetBufferSize, SetBufferOrGetBuffer, SetChange)
The path has to be absolute, so if you're using something relative to your script, do:
path = os.path.abspath(path)
To see more stuff you can do with SystemParametersInfo, see the docs.
(near the bottom there's an example to change the mouse speed)
P.S. There are many answers already here, but they're leaving out the broadcasting you're supposed to do. Sure it works without it, but it's bad practice not to use it properly.
P.P.S And they only gave hard coded values, rather than the variables they come from.
Also note, i use 512 characters for the buffer size when getting the path, just to be more safe since paths might exceed 256. I doubt anyone will have paths as long as that though.
One more note. I've only tested the above examples in Python 3, but i don't think SystemParametersInfoA needs the .encode() in Python 2. (they updated strings in Python 3 to unicode i believe) The string in SystemParametersInfoW may need converting for Python 2.
I read all the answers and after searching for a while i found a easier solution.
Install the module named py-wallpaper.
pip install py-wallpaper
Import the module.
from wallpaper import set_wallpaper, get_wallpaper
set the wallpaper using set walpaper
set_wallpaper("location/to/image.jpg")
get the current wallpaper's path using get wallpaper
print(get_wallpaper())
thanks.
changing the background image of desktop
import ctypes
import os
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, 'your image path', 3)
#'C:\\Users\\Public\\Pictures\\abc.jpg'
it worked fine for me. windows10, python27
On Windows with python2.5 or higher, use ctypes to load user32.dll and call
import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20,0,"Path_wallpaper", 0)
speak("Background changed succesfully")
Just adding a small precision to ShivaGuntuku 's post :
In python 3 you should replace the 'A' by a 'W' in SytemParametersInfoA. Small exemple to change your desktop background in windows10 with python 3 :
import ctypes
import os
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, 'C:\\Users\\godet\\OneDrive\\Images\\breaker_wall.jpg', 0)
this works for me
import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20,0,path:os.PathLike,3)
You can use this library PyWallpaper, worked for me on mac also.
To install type pip install PyWallpaper.
And then to change/set your wallpaper -
from PyWallpaper import change_wallpaper
change_wallpaper("/some_path/sample.jpg")