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I have come acros the following error many times. Can anyone help me what to do when this error comes up?
Here I am attaching a screenshot.
I use EditorConfig to solve the problem in those languages.
In .editorconfig, you can write the some rules for python
# 4 space indentation
[*.py]
indent_style = space
indent_size = 4
and save the .editorconfig in the directory.
It once happened to me when I - in order to make things shorter - cut and paste some sentences from another source. I had to rewrite them again and everything went fine. Obviously, Python is quite serious about indentantions.
I normally do "select all" in my text editer, then indent, then unindent. The editor should convert all tabs to spaces (or spaces to tabs depending on the setting in your editor.
Edited to address Steven's comment: If you are using Notepad or some such you could do a find/replace for tabs or something?
This question already has answers here:
IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level
(32 answers)
Closed 4 years ago.
I am doing python programming in notepad++ ,
so as suggested in many posts I have downloaded a tool called "python indent" and set it as enable.
Even after this , when I type in the print statement still I get the indentation errors such as "IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level" , any other tool is available for this purpose?
Because in javascript ,when I select the entire file and go to jshint tool and select indentation, I just get the properly indented file .
I am searching for a tool in python , but not able to get it. Anybody has any suggestions please?
edit:
try:
print "hi"
keys = mgt.get_keys(name)
I am getting the error after inserting print statement
Sounds like you have mixed tabs and spaces in your block. Use one or the other, but not both.
There is no way to auto-indent python without understanding the code (as #alKid and #Daniel say in the comments):
For example:
if(x < y):
# Since there are no ending brackets
# how will the program
# know when you want
# to exit the indentation block?
This is likely Notepad++ inserting tabs/spaces inconsistent with your existing code. I first suggest making the spaces/tabs visible; Menu item View / Show Symbol, then select "Show White Space and Tab". I suggest using this setting for any whitespace-significant language.
I find the default settings in Notepad++ (I'm using v.6.6.7) often mess up my Python indentation. To correct this: Settings / Preferences / Tab Settings / python; uncheck "use default value" and instead specify "Replace by space."
In Sublime Text 2 there is the option to auto indent using white spaces under View > Indentation > Indent Using Whitespaces. There is also the option to convert indentation to whitespaces or convert indentation to tabs under View > Indentation > Convert Indentation to Tabs.
I know this does not address notepad++ but it is possible notepad++ has something similar available and if not this may be helpful to Sublime Text 2 users.
I saw that there are similar titles to this. But my case seems a little weirder. I somehow used a mixture of PyCharm and Vim (and within Vim I have tabstop=4 and shiftwidth=2), and my Python code seems un-fixabl-y borked, indentation-wise. I first saw that in Vim everything was mis-aligned, so I re-aligned everything; but then when I run it I get an error that there's an unexpected indentation, even though in Vim everything seems perfectly aligned. Here's an example (this is how it looks like in Vim):
for f in files:
for line in f:
items = line.strip().split()
items = items[2:]
items = ' '.join(items).split(', ')
When I run it, I get:
File "getEsSynonymLSAVectors.py", line 136
items = items[2:]
^
IndentationError: unexpected indent
I used PythonTidy, I used reindent, I tried :retab, I tried manual re-aligning - nothing seems to fix this. Any experiences/ advice will be appreciated.
Python treated a tab as 8 spaces by default, if you get indentation borked, you'll generally want to switch the tabs to spaces (or vice versa, but I generally find that spaces are easier to deal with). So make sure to set vim to show tab as 8 spaces wide (:set ts=8), to see what python sees.
To fix tab errors in vim, I usually do the following, first I need to be able to see the tabs, so I enabled highlight search (:set hlsearch) and search for tabs (/\t). Then I eyeball the areas that needs to be retabbed. Next, I try to find the right vim tab width setting for the file (:set ts=n and vary n until everything looks good), enable expand tab (:set et), then run the automatic tab fixing (:retab). When all else fail, retab manually.
If you're using version control, make sure to diff with the files before the changes and manually check that you didn't introduce a bug because of unintentional changes in the indentation level. If you don't use version control, keep a backup and run diff on the files.
Try something like this.
First set appropriate settings.
Always use 4 spaces. So change it to tabs = 4 spaces.
First convert all spaces to tabs.
And then convert all tabs to spaces.
(I use Geany)
It has worked for me before many times.
This question already has answers here:
Why doesn't Python have multiline comments?
(18 answers)
Closed 9 years ago.
Is there a mechanism to comment out large blocks of Python code?
Right now, the only ways I can see of commenting out code are to either start every line with a #, or to enclose the code in triple quotes: """.
The problem with these is that inserting # before every line is cumbersome and """ makes the string I want to use as a comment show up in generated documentation.
After reading all comments, the answer seems to be "No".
Python does not have such a mechanism. Prepend a # to each line to block comment. For more information see PEP 8. Most Python IDEs support a mechanism to do the block-commenting-with-hash-signs automatically for you. For example, in IDLE on my machine, it's Alt+3 and Alt+4.
Don't use triple-quotes; as you discovered, this is for documentation strings not block comments, although it has a similar effect. If you're just commenting things out temporarily, this is fine as a temporary measure.
Hide the triple quotes in a context that won't be mistaken for a docstring, eg:
'''
...statements...
''' and None
or:
if False: '''
...statements...
'''
The only cure I know for this is a good editor. Sorry.
The only way you can do this without triple quotes is to add an:
if False:
And then indent all your code. Note that the code will still need to have proper syntax.
Many Python IDEs can add # for you on each selected line, and remove them when un-commenting too. Likewise, if you use vi or Emacs you can create a macro to do this for you for a block of code.
In JetBrains PyCharm on Mac use Command + / to comment/uncomment selected block of code. On Windows, use CTRL + /.
M-x comment-region, in Emacs' Python mode.
At least in VIM you can select the first column of text you want to insert using Block Visual mode (CTRL+V in non-windows VIMs) and then prepend a # before each line using this sequence:
I#<esc>
In Block Visual mode I moves to insert mode with the cursor before the block on its first line. The inserted text is copied before each line in the block.
In vi:
Go to top of block and mark it with letter a.
Go to bottom of block and mark it with letter b
Then do
:'a,'b s!^!#!
comm='''
Junk, or working code
that I need to comment.
'''
You can replace comm by a variable of your choice that is perhaps shorter, easy to touch-type, and you know does not (and will not) occur in your programs. Examples: xxx, oo, null, nil.
In Visual Studio using the Python Tools for Visual Studio, blocks can be commented out by Ctrl+K, Ctrl+C and uncommented by Ctrl+K, Ctrl+U.
I use Notepad++ on a Windows machine, select your code, type CTRL-K. To uncomment you select code and press Ctrl + Shift + K.
Incidentally, Notepad++ works nicely as a Python editor. With auto-completion, code folding, syntax highlighting, and much more. And it's free as in speech and as in beer!
In Eclipse + PyDev, Python block commenting is similar to Eclipse Java block commenting; select the lines you want to comment and use Ctrl + / to comment. To uncomment a commented block, do the same thing.
Yes, there is (depending on your editor). In PyDev (and in Aptana Studio with PyDev):
Ctrl + 4 - comment selected block
Ctrl + 5 - uncomment selected block
The only mechanism to comment out Python code (understood as code ignored by the interpreter) is the #.
As you say, you can also use string literals, that are not ignored by the interpreter, but can be completely irrelevant for the program execution.
In Eclipse using PyDev, you can select a code block and press Ctrl + #.
Triple quotes are OK to me.
You can use ''' foo ''' for docstrings and """ bar """ for comments or vice-versa to make the code more readable.
Another editor-based solution: text "rectangles" in Emacs.
Highlight the code you want to comment out, then C-x-r-t #
To un-comment the code: highlight, then C-x-r-k
I use this all-day, every day. (Assigned to hot-keys, of course.)
This and powerful regex search/replace is the reason I tolerate Emacs's other "eccentricities".
On Eric4 there is an easy way: select a block, type Ctrl+M to comment the whole block or Ctrl+alt+M to uncomment.
Use a nice editor like SciTe, select your code, press Ctrl + Q and done.
If you don't have an editor that supports block comments you can use a triple quoted string at the start and the end of your code block to 'effectively' comment it out. It is not the best practice though.
I am a totally blind programmer who would like to learn Python. Unfortunately the fact that code blocks are represented with different levels of indentation is a major stumbling block. I was wondering if there were any tools available that would allow me to write code using braces or some other code block delimiter and then convert that format into a properly indented representation that the Python interpreter could use?
There's a solution to your problem that is distributed with python itself. pindent.py, it's located in the Tools\Scripts directory in a windows install (my path to it is C:\Python25\Tools\Scripts), it looks like you'd have to grab it from svn.python.org if you are running on Linux or OSX.
It adds comments when blocks are closed, or can properly indent code if comments are put in. Here's an example of the code outputted by pindent with the command:
pindent.py -c myfile.py
def foobar(a, b):
if a == b:
a = a+1
elif a < b:
b = b-1
if b > a: a = a-1
# end if
else:
print 'oops!'
# end if
# end def foobar
Where the original myfile.py was:
def foobar(a, b):
if a == b:
a = a+1
elif a < b:
b = b-1
if b > a: a = a-1
else:
print 'oops!'
You can also use pindent.py -r to insert the correct indentation based on comments (read the header of pindent.py for details), this should allow you to code in python without worrying about indentation.
For example, running pindent.py -r myfile.py will convert the following code in myfile.py into the same properly indented (and also commented) code as produced by the pindent.py -c example above:
def foobar(a, b):
if a == b:
a = a+1
elif a < b:
b = b-1
if b > a: a = a-1
# end if
else:
print 'oops!'
# end if
# end def foobar
I'd be interested to learn what solution you end up using, if you require any further assistance, please comment on this post and I'll try to help.
I personally doubt that there currently is at the moment, as a lot of the Python afficionados love the fact that Python is this way, whitespace delimited.
I've never actually thought about that as an accessibility issue however. Maybe it's something to put forward as a bug report to Python?
I'd assume that you use a screen reader here however for the output? So the tabs would seem "invisible" to you? With a Braille output, it might be easier to read, but I can understand exactly how confusing this could be.
In fact, this is very interesting to me. I wish that I knew enough to be able to write an app that will do this for you.
I think it's definately something that I'll put in a bug report for, unless you've already done so yourself, or want to.
Edit: Also, as noted by John Millikin There is also PyBraces Which might be a viable solution to you, and may be possible to be hacked together dependant on your coding skills to be exactly what you need (and I hope that if that's the case, you release it out for others like yourself to use)
Edit 2: I've just reported this to the python bug tracker
Although I am not blind, I have heard good things about Emacspeak. They've had a Python mode since their 8.0 release in 1998 (they seem to be up to release 28.0!). Definitely worth checking out.
You should be able to configure your editor to speak the tabs and spaces -- I know it's possible to display whitespace in most editors, so there must be an accessibility option somewhere to speak them.
Failing that, there is pybraces, which was written as a practical joke but might actually be useful to you with a bit of work.
If you're on Windows, I strongly recommend you take a look at EdSharp from:
http://empowermentzone.com/EdSharp.htm
It supports all of the leading Windows screenreaders, it can be configured to speak the indentation levels of code, or it has a built in utility called PyBrace that can convert to and from braces syntax if you want to do that instead, and it supports all kinds of other features programmers have come to expect in our text editors. I've been using it for years, for everything from PHP to JavaScript to HTML to Python, and I love it.
All of these "no you can't" types of answers are really annoying. Of course you can.
It's a hack, but you can do it.
http://timhatch.com/projects/pybraces/
uses a custom encoding to convert braces to indented blocks before handing it off to the interpreter.
As an aside, and as someone new to python - I don't accept the reasoning behind not even allowing braces/generic block delimiters ... apart from that being the preference of the python devs. Braces at least won't get eaten accidentally if you're doing some automatic processing of your code or working in an editor that doesn't understand that white space is important. If you're generating code automatically, it's handy to not have to keep track of indent levels. If you want to use python to do a perl-esque one-liner, you're automatically crippled. If nothing else, just as a safeguard. What if your 1000 line python program gets all of its tabs eaten? You're going to go line-by-line and figure out where the indenting should be?
Asking about it will invariably get a tongue-in-cheek response like "just do 'from __ future __ import braces'", "configure your IDE correctly", "it's better anyway so get used to it" ...
I see their point, but hey, if i wanted to, i could put a semicolon after every single line. So I don't understand why everyone is so adamant about the braces thing. If you need your language to force you to indent properly, you're not doing it right in the first place.
Just my 2c - I'm going to use braces anyway.
I appreciate your problem, but think you are specifying the implementation instead of the problem you need solved. Instead of converting to braces, how about working on a way for your screen reader to tell you the indentation level?
For example, some people have worked on vim syntax coloring to represent python indentation levels. Perhaps a modified syntax coloring could produce something your screen reader would read?
Searching an accessible Python IDE, found this and decided to answer.
Under Windows with JAWS:
Go to Settings Center by pressing JawsKey+6 (on the number row above the letters) in your favorite text editor. If JAWS prompts to create a new configuration file, agree.
In the search field, type "indent"
There will be only one result: "Say indent characters". Turn this on.
Enjoy!
The only thing that is frustrating for us is that we can't enjoy code examples on websites (since indent speaking in browsers is not too comfortable — it generates superfluous speech).
Happy coding from another Python beginner).
I use eclipse with the pydev extensions since it's an IDE I have a lot of experience with. I also appreciate the smart indentation it offers for coding if statements, loops, etc. I have configured the pindent.py script as an external tool that I can run on the currently focused python module which makes my life easier so I can see what is closed where with out having to constantly check indentation.
There are various answers explaining how to do this. But I would recommend not taking this route. While you could use a script to do the conversion, it would make it hard to work on a team project.
My recommendation would be to configure your screen reader to announce the tabs. This isn't as annoying as it sounds, since it would only say "indent 5" rather than "tab tab tab tab tab". Furthermore, the indentation would only be read whenever it changed, so you could go through an entire block of code without hearing the indentation level. In this way hearing the indentation is no more verbose than hearing the braces.
As I don't know which operating system or screen reader you use I unfortunately can't give the exact steps for achieving this.
Edsger Dijkstra used if ~ fi and do ~ od in his "Guarded Command Language", these appear to originate from the Algol68. There were also some example python guarded blocks used in RosettaCode.org.
fi = od = yrt = end = lambda object: None;
class MyClass(object):
def myfunction(self, arg1, arg2):
for i in range(arg1) :# do
if i > 5 :# then
print i
fi
od # or end(i) #
end(myfunction)
end(MyClass)
Whitespace mangled python code can be unambiguously unmangled and reindented if one uses
guarded blocks if/fi, do/od & try/yrt together with semicolons ";" to separate statements. Excellent for unambiguous magazine listings or cut/pasting from web pages.
It should be easy enough to write a short python program to insert/remove the guard blocks and semicolons.