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Python Crash Course Alien Invasion file has no attribute 'blit'

I'm new to coding and just started reading "Python Crash Course" around a month back. While working on one of the projects, I encountered this error: AttributeError: 'AlienInvasion' object has no attribute 'blit'
Code:
main:
import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
class AlienInvasion:
'''overall class to manage game behavior'''
def __init__(self):
'''initialize pygame'''
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
self.ship = Ship(self)
# bg color
self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
def run_game(self):
'''main loop'''
while True:
# watch for keyboard and mouse events
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
# draw screen
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
# make most recent screen visible
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# make an instance of game
ai = AlienInvasion()
ai.run_game()
ship:
import pygame
class Ship:
'''class to manage ship'''
def __init__(self, ai_game):
'''initialize ship and start pos'''
self.screen = ai_game
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
# load ship
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
# start each new ship
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
def blitme(self):
'''draw a ship at current location'''
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
full error msg:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\richh\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\alien_shooter\main.py", line 39, in <module>
ai.run_game()
File "C:\Users\richh\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\alien_shooter\main.py", line 32, in run_game
self.ship.blitme()
File "C:\Users\richh\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\alien_shooter\ship.py", line 18, in blitme
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
AttributeError: 'AlienInvasion' object has no attribute 'blit'

The problem is that you are confused over whether you are sending the entier AlienInvasion instance to Ship, or just the pygame screen. There are two ways to clear that up. Instead of this:
import pygame
class Ship:
'''class to manage ship'''
def __init__(self, ai_game):
'''initialize ship and start pos'''
self.screen = ai_game
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
just save the screen item:
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
A better way would be just to pass the pygame instance, instead of the whole AlienInvasion instance. So, in AlienInvasion, change this:
self.ship = Ship(self)
to this:
self.ship = Ship(self.screen)
Then in Ship, change the last line of this:
def __init__(self, ai_game):
'''initialize ship and start pos'''
self.screen = ai_game
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
to this:
self.screen_rect = ai_game.get_rect()

In the file ship.py, in the line:
self.screen = ai_game
It's supposed to be:
self.screen = ai_game.screen
Doing this would make the attribute screen in Ship to be equal to the attribute screen in your main. Only then you could pass in the values of screen in main to your blit function.

Python crash course doesn't run with no errors

I just get the general "finished with exit code 0" Not sure why its not printing the screen anymore. What would cause this?
If anyone has any input as to why this would be, i'd very much appreciate it so i can move forward & finish the project!
From what ive read, its hard to go on without knowing what actually is causing the "none-error"
import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
class Alieninvasion:
"""overall class to manage game assets & behaviors"""
def __init__(self):
"""initialize the game & create game resources"""
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1000, 600)) # the self.screen portion makes it available in all methods in the class
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion!!!") # the self.settings & self.screen can possibly replace the
# screen & bg_color that doesn't include the settings syntax
self.ship = Ship(self)
# set the background color
self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
def run_game(self):
"""starting the main loop for the game"""
while True:
self._check_events()
self.update_screen()
# redraw the screen during each pass through the loop
self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
def _check_events(self):
"""responds to keypresses & mouse events"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT():
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key ==pygame.K_RIGHT:
# move the ship to the right
self.ship.rect.x += 1
# makes the most recently drawn screen visible. Continually updates the display to show new game position elements and hide old ones.
pygame.display.flip()
def update_screen(self):
"""update images on the screen & flip to a new screen"""
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == 'main':
# make a game instance and run the game.
ai = Alieninvasion()
ai.run_game()
"""the run_game as part of the if block ensures it only runs if the file is called directly"""

Getting AttributeError in a beginner's Python game creating project while using pygame

I am stuck on a game writing exercise from a beginner Python book called Python Crash Course. At this point, it's very basic. It's only supposed to create a window where an image of the ship would load in the bottom center. I'm certain that I copied the code almost line for line, and encountered examples online that pretty much do what I did here, but I still keep getting the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:/Users/.../chapteraliens/alien_invasion.py", line 40, in <module>
ai = AlienInvasion()
File "c:/Users/.../chapteraliens/alien_invasion.py", line 17, in __init__
self.ship = Ship(self)
File "c:\Users\...\chapteraliens\ship.py", line 9, in __init__
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
AttributeError: 'AlienInvasion' object has no attribute 'get_rect'
And here are the 3 files that I have created. I don't think it has anything to do with settings.py, but I included it just in case because it's very short.
alien_invasion.py
import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
class AlienInvasion:
"""Overall class to manage game assets and behavior."""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the game and create the game resources."""
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
self.settings = Settings()
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bg_color = (self.settings.bg_color)
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
def run_game(self):
"""Start the main loop for the game."""
while True:
"""Watch for the keyboard and mouse events."""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
# Set the visual elements of the game.
self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
# Make the most recently drawn screen visible.
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Make a game instance, and run the game.
ai = AlienInvasion()
ai.run_game()
ship.py
import pygame
class Ship:
"""The class that handles the management of the ship."""
def __init__(self, screen):
"""Initialize the ship and set up the starting position."""
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
# Load the ship image and get its rect.
self.image = pygame.image.load("ship_w.bmp")
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
# Start each new ship at the bottom of center of the screen.
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
def blitme(self):
"""Draw the ship at its current location."""
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
settings.py
class Settings:
"""A class to store settings for the game."""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the game's settings."""
# Screen settings
self.screen_width = 800
self.screen_height = 600
self.bg_color = (40, 40, 40)
I then tried to comment out the lines to do with the get_rect error, but that only made it so that the same error appeared with the "blit" line this time. The lines that I commented out and the new error is as follows:
...
# self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
...
# self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:/Users/.../chapteraliens/alien_invasion.py", line 41, in <module>
ai.run_game()
File "c:/Users/.../chapteraliens/alien_invasion.py", line 33, in run_game
self.ship.blitme()
File "c:\Users\...\chapteraliens\ship.py", line 20, in blitme
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
AttributeError: 'AlienInvasion' object has no attribute 'blit'
Might it be that I'm using the get_rect() and blit() functions incorrectly somehow? And that's if the whole thing is not a simple small error that wasn't able to catch.

Ship() expects screen as argument but in AlienInvasion.__init__ you use self in Ship(self) so you use instace of AlienInvasion, not screen - so later it tries to get AlienInvasion.get_rect() and you get your error.
You have to first create self.screen and then use it with Ship()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
self.ship = Ship(self.screen)

I am having trouble getting this ship in pygame to move right and left with KEYUP and KEYDOWN presses

At the moment, I am learning from the Python Crash Course Intro Book By Eric Matthes. I am on the section about making a game with Pygame. The second they added keyup and keydown my code stopped letting me move the ship right and left. Beforehand I was able to move the ship without the additional functions.
I have tried looking on the web. I have tried messing around with the code to fit the situation. I, however, have not tried another IDE. I apologize in advance if this is not properly formatted, I am a noob to this website. Thanks!
===================
alien_invaion.py
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
# Initialize pygame, settings, and screen object.
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings. screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
# Make a ship.
ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
# Start the main loop of the game.
while True:
gf.check_events(ship)
ship.update
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship)
run_game()
ship.py
import pygame
class Ship():
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
"""Initialize the ship and set its starting position."""
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
# Load the ship image and get is rect.
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
# Start each new ship at the bottom center of the screen.
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
# Store a decimal value for the ship's center.
# Movement flags
self.moving_right = False
def update(self):
"""Update the ship's position based on the movement flag."""
# Update the ship's center value, not rect.
if self.moving_right:
self.rect.centerx += 1
# Update rect object from self.center.
def blitme(self):
"""Draw the ship at its current location.""
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
settings.py
class Settings():
"""A class to store all settings for Alien Invasion"""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the game's settings."""
# Screen Settings
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (0, 23, 233)
# Ship settings
game_functions.py
import sys
import pygame
def check_events(ship):
"""respond to keypresss's and mouse events."""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship):
"""Update images on the screen and flip to the new screen."""
# Redraw the screen during each pass through the loop.
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
ship.blitme()
# Make the most recently drawn screen visible.
pygame.display.flip()
No error messages... I expect the ship to be able to move when I hold the left and right keys down and the ship to stop moving when I release said keys.

You missed the parentheses when the update method is called:
ship.update
ship.update()

Pygame Pong paddles not showing up

I'm working on a Ping Pong game in Pygame. Having some trouble getting the paddles to display on screen within a class. I have a feeling either my constructor init method is incorrect (although not throwing up any errors) or the display colour is overwriting the paddles.
Here's my code.
Program.py
import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from paddles import Paddles
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
# Initialise pygame, settings and screen object.
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Ping Pong')
# Start the main loop for the game.
while True:
gf.check_events()
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen)
#Make paddles
paddles = Paddles(screen)
run_game()
paddles.py
import pygame
import sys
class Paddles():
def __init__(self, screen):
self.screen = screen
self.paddle_l = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), [15, 250, 10, 100])
self.paddle_r = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), [780, 250, 10, 100])
def paddles(self):
pass
settings.py
class Settings():
"""A class to store all settings for Ping Pong"""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialise the game's settings."""
# Screen settings
self.screen_width = 800
self.screen_height = 600
self.bg_colour = (0,0,0)
game_functions.py
import sys
import pygame
def check_events():
"""Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen):
"""Update images on the screen and flip to the new screen."""
# Redraw the screen during each pass through the loop.
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_colour)
pygame.display.flip()
Like I said I'm not getting any errors, the game window just opens to a black background. The code worked when I put it inside a normal function but not a class.
What am I doing wrong? How do I get the paddles to display?

Is there a reason you're setting paddles outside of the "main loop?"
Moving paddles into your update_screen method gets them showing, at the very least. However, this is newing up a new Paddles object each time update_screen is called.
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen):
"""Update images on the screen and flip to the new screen."""
# Redraw the screen during each pass through the loop.
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_colour)
paddles = Paddles(screen)
pygame.display.flip()