Python 3.6 tkinter says GROOVE is not defined - python

The below program was working fine few minutes back. I made a change,ran the code, made a small mistake, Spyder crashed and now it either cannot find Frame or Groove or something else. At the moment it says GROOVE not defined.
Tried writing it in lower case and with quotes. When I do with quotes it says: TclError: bad relief "Groove": must be flat, groove, raised, ridge, solid, or sunken. When I do lower or upper case without quotes says groove not defined.
from RiskFactorConversion import *
from tkinter import ttk, StringVar, Frame, Label, Tk, Entry
mainwindow = Tk()
mainwindow.title("Risk Factor Conversion")
datatype = StringVar()
dataconvention = StringVar()
mdlname = StringVar()
instancevalue = StringVar()
axisvalue = StringVar()
def g():
datatype = e1.get()
dataconvention = e2.get()
mdlname = e3.get()
instancevalue = e4.get()
r1 = rates.srtqualifier(mdlname,datatype,dataconvention,instancevalue)
l5["text"] =r1.makequalifier()
def f():
datatype = e5.get()
dataconvention = e6.get()
axisvalue = e8.get()
fx1 = fx.felixfxvol(datatype,dataconvention,axisvalue)
l11["text"] =fx1.fxvol()
def h():
datatype = en1.get()
dataconvention = en2.get()
fx2 = fx.murexfx(datatype,dataconvention)
la4["text"] =fx2.makequalifier()
#########Felix Frame####################################
frame1 = Frame(bg="white", colormap="new", padx = 10, relief=GROOVE, borderwidth=2)
frame1.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
l0 = Label(frame1, text= "FELIX Rates", pady =5, font = ('Georgia',14,'bold'), bg="white")
l0.grid(row = 0, column = 0,sticky= W )
l1 = Label(frame1, text= "Please provide Data Type:",bg="white", justify = "right",pady =5 )
l1.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky= E )
e1 = Entry(frame1,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = datatype )
e1.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
e1.focus_set()
l2 = Label(frame1,bg="white", text= "Please provide Data Convention:",justify = "right", pady = 5)
l2.grid(row = 2, column = 0,sticky= E)
e2 = Entry(frame1,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = dataconvention )
e2.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
l3 = Label(frame1,bg="white", text= "Please provide Model Type:", justify = "right",pady = 5)
l3.grid(row = 3, column = 0,sticky= E)
e3 = ttk.Combobox(frame1,width =45, textvariable = mdlname, state='readonly')
e3['values'] = ('IR_SABR','FX_LN','IR_LGM','IR_LMM','IR_SABR_FX_LN_GC','IR_SABR_GC','INFLATION_SABR')
e3.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
l4 = Label(frame1,bg="white", text= "Please provide Instance Name:", justify = "right",pady = 5)
l4.grid(row = 4, column = 0,sticky= E)
e4 = Entry(frame1,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = instancevalue )
e4.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
bfelix = Button(frame1, text = "Press to get Qualifier Value", pady = 10, command = g)
bfelix.grid(row = 5, column = 0)
l5 = Label(frame1,bg="white", text= "" , justify = "right",pady = 5)
l5.grid(row = 5, column = 1)
################################################################
############FELIX FX############################################
frame2 = Frame(bg="white", colormap="new", padx = 10, relief=GROOVE, borderwidth=2)
frame2.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
l6 = Label(frame2, text= "FELIX FX", pady =5, font = ('Georgia',14,'bold'), bg="white")
l6.grid(row = 0, column = 0,sticky= W )
l7 = Label(frame2, text= "Please provide Data Type:",bg="white", justify = "right",pady =5 )
l7.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky= E )
e5 = Entry(frame2,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = datatype)
e5.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
e5.focus_set()
l8 = Label(frame2,bg="white", text= "Please provide Data Convention:",justify = "right", pady = 5)
l8.grid(row = 2, column = 0,sticky= E)
e6 = Entry(frame2,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = dataconvention )
e6.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
l10 = Label(frame2,bg="white", text= "Please provide axis 2 value:", justify = "right",pady = 5)
l10.grid(row = 3, column = 0,sticky= E)
e8 = Entry(frame2,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = axisvalue )
e8.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
bfelixfx = Button(frame2, text = "Press to get Qualifier Value", pady = 10, command = f)
bfelixfx.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
l11 = Label(frame2,bg="white", text= "" , justify = "right",pady = 5)
l11.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
#####################################################################
############MUREX FX############################################
frame3 = Frame(bg="white", colormap="new", padx = 10, relief=GROOVE, borderwidth=2)
frame3.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
la = Label(frame3, text= "Murex FX", pady =5, font = ('Georgia',14,'bold'), bg="white")
la.grid(row = 0, column = 0,sticky= W )
la1 = Label(frame3, text= "Please provide Risk Factor Type:",bg="white", justify = "right",pady =5 )
la1.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky= E )
en1 = ttk.Combobox(frame3, width =45, textvariable = mdlname, state='readonly')
en1['values'] =('FX ATM VOLATILITY','FX BUTTERFLY 10D','FX BUTTERFLY 25D','FX RISK REVERSAL 10D','FX RISK REVERSAL 25D')
en1.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
en1.focus_set()
la2 = Label(frame3,bg="white", text= "Please provide Currency Pair:",justify = "right", pady = 5)
la2.grid(row = 2, column = 0,sticky= E)
en2 = Entry(frame3,bd = 2, width =50, textvariable = dataconvention )
en2.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
bmurexfx = Button(frame3, text = "Press to get Qualifier Value", pady = 10, command = h)
bmurexfx.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
la4 = Label(frame3,bg="white", text= "" , justify = "right",pady = 5)
la4.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
#####################################################################
mainwindow.mainloop()


Groove is a constant defined in Tkinter and since you are only importing specfic functions from Tkinter that doesn't include Groove, you need to add GROOVE to it or add
import tkinter as tk
and then set relief=tk.GROOVE

Related

Scrollable Frame with grid not sticking to the border and not working

I would like to make a scrollable Frame.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class MainWindow:
def __init__(self):
self.metrics = []
self.content = ttk.Frame(root)
self.v = Scrollbar(root, orient = "vertical")
self.class_label = Label(self.content, text = "labels")
self.A_label = Label(self.content, text = "A")
self.A_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.A_input = self.A_entry.get()
self.A_hint = Label(self.content, text = "A")
self.B_label = Label(self.content, text = "B")
self.B_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.B_input = self.B_entry.get()
self.B_hint = Label(self.content, text = "B")
self.C = Label(self.content, text = "C")
self.space = Label(self.content, text = "")
self.D_label = Label(self.content, text = "D")
self.D_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.D_hint = Label(self.content, text = "D")
self.E_label = Label(self.content, text = "E")
self.E_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.E_hint = Label(self.content, text = "D")
self.F_label = Label(self.content, text = "F")
self.F_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.F_hint = Label(self.content, text = "F")
self.G_label = Label(self.content, text = "G")
self.G_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.G_hint = Label(self.content, text = "G")
self.H_label = Label(self.content, text = "H")
self.H_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.H_hint = Label(self.content, text = "H")
self.I_label = Label(self.content, text = "I")
self.I_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.I_hint = Label(self.content, text = "I")
self.J_label = Label(self.content, text = "J")
self.J_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.J_hint = Label(self.content, text = "J")
self.K_label = Label(self.content, text = "K")
self.K_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.K_hint = Label(self.content, text = "K")
self.space2 = Label(self.content, text = "")
self.L_label = Label(self.content, text = "L")
self.L_entry = Entry(self.content, width = 5)
self.content.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
self.v.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = NS)
self.class_label.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
self.A_label.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
self.A_entry.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
self.A_hint.grid(row = 1, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.B_label.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
self.B_entry.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
self.B_hint.grid(row = 2, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.C.grid(row = 3, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.space.grid(row = 4, column = 0)
self.D_label.grid(row = 6, column = 0)
self.D_entry.grid(row = 6, column = 1)
self.D_hint.grid(row = 6, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.E_label.grid(row = 7, column = 0)
self.E_entry.grid(row = 7, column = 1)
self.E_hint.grid(row = 7, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.F_label.grid(row = 8, column = 0)
self.F_entry.grid(row = 8, column = 1)
self.F_hint.grid(row = 8, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.G_label.grid(row = 9, column = 0)
self.G_entry.grid(row = 9, column = 1)
self.G_hint.grid(row = 9, column = 3, sticky = "w")
self.H_label.grid(row = 10, column = 0)
self.H_entry.grid(row = 10, column = 1)
self.H_hint.grid(row = 10, column = 3, sticky = "w", columnspan = 2)
self.I_label.grid(row = 11, column = 0)
self.I_entry.grid(row = 11, column = 1)
self.I_hint.grid(row = 11, column = 3, sticky = "w", columnspan = 2)
self.J_label.grid(row = 12, column = 0)
self.J_entry.grid(row = 12, column = 1)
self.J_hint.grid(row = 12, column = 3, sticky = "w", columnspan = 2)
self.K_label.grid(row = 13, column = 0)
self.K_entry.grid(row = 13, column = 1)
self.K_hint.grid(row = 13, column = 3, sticky = "w", columnspan = 2)
self.space2.grid(row = 14, column = 0)
self.L_label.grid(row = 19, column = 0)
self.L_entry.grid(row = 19, column = 1)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
root.title("title")
new_window = MainWindow()
In this first example, the button in the scrollbar does appear but it can't scroll and when I change the window's size, the scrollbar doesn't move.
If I'm not mistaken, I need to create a canvas within my frame and put everything inside this canvas. However, I read that I'm also supposed to put an inner frame inside the canvas. How am I supposed to do it?
So I tried this:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
options = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H"]
root = Tk()
root.title("random software")
content = ttk.Frame(root)
vscrollbar = Scrollbar(content, orient=VERTICAL)
scrollable_canvas = Canvas(content)
inner_frame = Frame(scrollable_canvas)
A_label = Label(content, text = "A")
A_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
A_hint = Label(content, text = "lorem")
B_label = Label(content, text = "B")
B_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
B_hint = Label(content, text = "ipsum")
C_label = Label(content, text = "C")
C_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
C_hint = Label(content, text = "dolor")
D_label = Label(content, text = "D")
D_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
D_hint = Label(content, text = "sit")
E_label = Label(content, text = "E")
E_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
E_hint = Label(content, text = "amet")
F_label = Label(content, text = "F")
F_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
F_hint = Label(content, text = "consectetur")
G_label = Label(content, text = "G")
G_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
G_hint = Label(content, text = "adipiscing")
H_label = Label(content, text = "H")
H_entry = Entry(content, width = 5)
H_hint = Label(content, text = "elit")
selected_option = StringVar()
selected_option.set(options[0])
option_label = OptionMenu(content, selected_option, *options)
content.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
vscrollbar.grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = NS)
option_label.grid(row = 5, column = 1)
A_label.grid(row = 6, column = 0)
A_entry.grid(row = 6, column = 1)
A_hint.grid(row = 6, column = 3, sticky = "w")
B_label.grid(row = 7, column = 0)
B_entry.grid(row = 7, column = 1)
B_hint.grid(row = 7, column = 3, sticky = "w")
C_label.grid(row = 8, column = 0)
C_entry.grid(row = 8, column = 1)
C_hint.grid(row = 8, column = 3, sticky = "w")
D_label.grid(row = 9, column = 0)
D_entry.grid(row = 9, column = 1)
D_hint.grid(row = 9, column = 3, sticky = "w")
E_label.grid(row = 10, column = 0)
E_entry.grid(row = 10, column = 1)
E_hint.grid(row = 10, column = 3, sticky = "w")
F_label.grid(row = 11, column = 0)
F_entry.grid(row = 11, column = 1)
F_hint.grid(row = 11, column = 3, sticky = "w")
G_label.grid(row = 12, column = 0)
G_entry.grid(row = 12, column = 1)
G_hint.grid(row = 12, column = 3, sticky = "w")
H_label.grid(row = 13, column = 0)
H_entry.grid(row = 13, column = 1)
H_hint.grid(row = 13, column = 3, sticky = "w")
root.mainloop()
In this case, the scrollbar isn't extended from top to bottom, it doesn't appear on the right side of the window and when I change the window's size the scrollbar doesn't move. Why isn't it extended on the right side (like the first case) and how to make the scrollbar scrollable?
I saw a few answers with pack but I would like to continue using grid.
Edit:
Based on the answer from Ovski, I managed to get this:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
options = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H"]
root = Tk()
root.title("random software")
content = ttk.Frame(root)
scrollable_canvas = Canvas(content)
vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(content, orient=VERTICAL, command = scrollable_canvas.yview)
scrollable_canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=vscrollbar.set)
scrollable_canvas.bind('<Configure>',
lambda e: scrollable_canvas.configure(scrollregion = scrollable_canvas.bbox("all")))
inner_frame = Frame(scrollable_canvas)
scrollable_canvas.create_window((0, 0), window = inner_frame, anchor = "nw")
A_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "A")
A_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
A_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "lorem")
B_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "B")
B_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
B_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "ipsum")
C_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "C")
C_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
C_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "dolor")
D_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "D")
D_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
D_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "sit")
E_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "E")
E_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
E_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "amet")
F_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "F")
F_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
F_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "consectetur")
G_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "G")
G_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
G_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "adipiscing")
H_label = Label(inner_frame, text = "H")
H_entry = Entry(inner_frame, width = 5)
H_hint = Label(inner_frame, text = "elit")
content.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
scrollable_canvas.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
vscrollbar.grid(row = 0, column = 2, sticky = "NS" + "E")
A_label.grid(row = 6, column = 0)
A_entry.grid(row = 6, column = 1)
A_hint.grid(row = 6, column = 3, sticky = "w")
B_label.grid(row = 7, column = 0)
B_entry.grid(row = 7, column = 1)
B_hint.grid(row = 7, column = 3, sticky = "w")
C_label.grid(row = 8, column = 0)
C_entry.grid(row = 8, column = 1)
C_hint.grid(row = 8, column = 3, sticky = "w")
D_label.grid(row = 9, column = 0)
D_entry.grid(row = 9, column = 1)
D_hint.grid(row = 9, column = 3, sticky = "w", columnspan = 2)
E_label.grid(row = 10, column = 0)
E_entry.grid(row = 10, column = 1)
E_hint.grid(row = 10, column = 3, sticky = "w")
F_label.grid(row = 11, column = 0)
F_entry.grid(row = 11, column = 1)
F_hint.grid(row = 11, column = 3, sticky = "w")
G_label.grid(row = 12, column = 0)
G_entry.grid(row = 12, column = 1)
G_hint.grid(row = 12, column = 3, sticky = "w")
H_label.grid(row = 13, column = 0)
H_entry.grid(row = 13, column = 1)
H_hint.grid(row = 13, column = 3, sticky = "w")
root.mainloop()
The idea behind this is that grid and pack should be combined to get the best result. In this case, using grid with a scrollbar wouldn't really work because the scrollbar would be stuck in its case. By putting every widget in a canvas, the canvas can be aligned using pack and the scrollbar will stick to the border.

Here is a working example of a frame, containing a canvas, containing an "inner_frame" holding a grid of labels.
Included a function that handles scroll events, but this only works if you have a single scrollable area as it locks the scrollwheel to the application, not the frame.
There is also a part (read the comments) to handle resizing of the window.
import tkinter as tk
# mouse wheel scrolling with reduced speed
def on_mouse_wheel(event):
canvas.yview('scroll', int(-1 * event.delta / 120), 'units')
root = tk.Tk()
root.bind('<MouseWheel>', on_mouse_wheel) # bind mousewheel to root, this only works if you have a single scroll area
window_width = 400
window_height = 200
table_columns = 4
table_rows = 30
root.geometry(f'{window_width}x{window_height}')
main_frame = tk.Frame(root)
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1) # frame goes to the left
canvas = tk.Canvas(main_frame)
canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
v_scroll = tk.Scrollbar(main_frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=canvas.yview)
v_scroll.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y) # scrollbar goes to the right
canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=v_scroll.set)
canvas.bind(
'<Configure>', lambda e: canvas.configure(scrollregion=canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))
) # adjust scrolling area on resize
inside_frame = tk.Frame(canvas) # frame where you put your actual content
canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=inside_frame, anchor=tk.N) # adding the inside_frame to the canvas
# an example grid with some data
for y in range(table_rows):
for x in range(table_columns):
tk.Label(inside_frame, text=f'{y}:{x}', borderwidth=1, relief=tk.SOLID, width=10).grid(column=x, row=y)
root.mainloop()
This is the way I handle scrollbars for all my GUI applications and it seems to be the only way if you want to scroll widgets other then a textbox or a treeview.
Conclusion: Use the pack manager to arrange the main frame, canvas and inner frame and put all your content inside the inner frame with whatever window manager you like.
UPDATE: Your modified code from the first example
I removed ttk as it is not needed and refactored the coded a bit.
import tkinter as tk
class MainWindow:
def __init__(self, root: tk.Tk):
self.root = root
self.root.title("title")
self.root.geometry('100x200')
self.main_frame = tk.Frame(root)
self.main_frame.pack(fill=tk.Y, expand=1)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.main_frame, width=100)
self.canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)
self.v = tk.Scrollbar(self.main_frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=self.canvas.yview)
self.v.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.v.set)
self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL)))
self.inner_frame = tk.Frame(self.canvas)
self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.inner_frame, anchor=tk.NW)
self.class_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="labels")
self.A_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="A")
self.A_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.A_input = self.A_entry.get()
self.A_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="A")
self.B_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="B")
self.B_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.B_input = self.B_entry.get()
self.B_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="B")
self.C = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="C")
self.space = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="")
self.D_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="D")
self.D_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.D_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="D")
self.E_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="E")
self.E_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.E_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="D")
self.F_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="F")
self.F_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.F_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="F")
self.G_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="G")
self.G_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.G_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="G")
self.H_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="H")
self.H_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.H_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="H")
self.I_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="I")
self.I_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.I_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="I")
self.J_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="J")
self.J_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.J_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="J")
self.K_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="K")
self.K_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.K_hint = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="K")
self.space2 = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="")
self.L_label = tk.Label(self.inner_frame, text="L")
self.L_entry = tk.Entry(self.inner_frame, width=5)
self.class_label.grid(row=0, column=0)
self.A_label.grid(row=1, column=0)
self.A_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.A_hint.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky="w")
self.B_label.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.B_entry.grid(row=2, column=1)
self.B_hint.grid(row=2, column=3, sticky="w")
self.C.grid(row=3, column=3, sticky="w")
self.space.grid(row=4, column=0)
self.D_label.grid(row=6, column=0)
self.D_entry.grid(row=6, column=1)
self.D_hint.grid(row=6, column=3, sticky="w")
self.E_label.grid(row=7, column=0)
self.E_entry.grid(row=7, column=1)
self.E_hint.grid(row=7, column=3, sticky="w")
self.F_label.grid(row=8, column=0)
self.F_entry.grid(row=8, column=1)
self.F_hint.grid(row=8, column=3, sticky="w")
self.G_label.grid(row=9, column=0)
self.G_entry.grid(row=9, column=1)
self.G_hint.grid(row=9, column=3, sticky="w")
self.H_label.grid(row=10, column=0)
self.H_entry.grid(row=10, column=1)
self.H_hint.grid(row=10, column=3, sticky="w", columnspan=2)
self.I_label.grid(row=11, column=0)
self.I_entry.grid(row=11, column=1)
self.I_hint.grid(row=11, column=3, sticky="w", columnspan=2)
self.J_label.grid(row=12, column=0)
self.J_entry.grid(row=12, column=1)
self.J_hint.grid(row=12, column=3, sticky="w", columnspan=2)
self.K_label.grid(row=13, column=0)
self.K_entry.grid(row=13, column=1)
self.K_hint.grid(row=13, column=3, sticky="w", columnspan=2)
self.space2.grid(row=14, column=0)
self.L_label.grid(row=19, column=0)
self.L_entry.grid(row=19, column=1)
self.root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
new_window = MainWindow(tk.Tk())

TypeError: Iniciar() missing 1 required positional argument: 'data' and failed append

Im trying to append the input numbers to my array data everytime I click the button "agregar", however it seems like it only appends the value i just inserted and completely forgets about the previous append. I don't get any error messaged with that one. Also, when I click "iniciar" it should draw ovals with the values in data but I get the error
TypeError: Iniciar() missing 1 required positional argument: 'data'
I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong and would appreciate it if anyone could help.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from array import *
import random
tk = Tk()
tk.title('Bubble Sort')
tk.maxsize(900, 600)
tk.config(bg = 'black')
#Variables
algoritmo = StringVar()
#comandos
def dibujar(data):
c.delete("all")
cHeight = 380
cWidth = 600
#para escalar
algoWidth = cWidth / (len(data) + 1)
algoHeight = cWidth / (len(data) + 1)
offset = 20
spacing = 10
tamData = [i / max(data) for i in data]
for i, height in enumerate(tamData):
#top left
x0 = i * algoWidth + offset + spacing
y0 = cHeight - height * 50
#botom right
x1 = (i+1) * algoWidth + offset
y1 = cHeight
c.create_oval(x0,y0,x1,y1, fill = 'red')
c.create_text(x0+2,y0, anchor = SW, text=str(data[i]))
def Iniciar(data):
print("Se selecciono: " + algoritmo.get())
dibujar(a)
def agregar():
data = array('i', [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
input = int(inputVal.get())
data.append((input))
print("valor input:")
print(input)
print(str(data))
def limpiar():
c.delete("all")
#Frame
box = Frame(tk, width = 600, height = 200, bg = 'black' )
box.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx=10, pady=5)
c = Canvas(tk, width = 600, height = 380, bg = 'grey')
c.grid(row = 1, column = 0, padx=10, pady=5)
#UI
#Row-0
label = Label(box, text='Lista Algoritmos: ', font = ("Arial",15), borderwidth=1, bg = "black" , fg = 'white')
label.grid(row=0,column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky = W)
menu = ttk.Combobox(box, textvariable = algoritmo, values=['BUBBLE SORT', 'MERGE SORT', 'HASH TABLES', 'ARBOL AVL', 'ARBOLES ROJO Y NEGRO'])
menu.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
menu.current(0)
botonStart = Button(box, text = 'Iniciar', command = Iniciar, bg = 'lime green')
botonStart.grid(row = 0, column = 2, padx = 5, pady = 5)
#Row-1
label = Label(box, text='Insertar valor: ', font = ("Arial",15), borderwidth=1, bg = "black" , fg = 'white')
label.grid(row=1,column=0, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
inputVal = Entry(box)
inputVal.grid(row=1,column=1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
botonAdd = Button(box, text = 'Agregar', command = agregar, bg = 'lime green')
botonAdd.grid(row = 1, column = 2, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
botonClear = Button(box, text = 'Limpiar', command = limpiar, bg = 'lime green')
botonClear.grid(row = 1, column = 3, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = W)
tk.mainloop()

You are defining Iniciar here:
def Iniciar(data):
print("Se selecciono: " + algoritmo.get())
dibujar(a)
But when you call it below you aren't passing a data argument to it
botonStart = Button(box, text = 'Iniciar', command = Iniciar, bg = 'lime green')

Adding a tkcalendar DateEntry to a tkinter GUI

this my situation. I'm learning how to use python (I just started) to create a GUI with Tkinter. One requirement of my application is to be able to store "DateEntry", while investigating I came across with tkcalendar DateEntry. The problem is that DateEntry is created as a class but my already created window(GUI) is a class as well and I don't know how to combine the class DateEntry into my class client which creates a mainwindow, I think that's beyond my knowledge. I want a DateEntry to be displayed in another toplevel() window when the button "Fecha Check-in" is used. Can anyone explain how to do it?
this is the image
This is the code:
from tkcalendar import DateEntry
from datetime import date
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import *
import sqlite3
#year = datetime.date.today().year
#month = datetime.date.today().month
class client:
def __init__(self, window):
self.wind = window
self.wind.title('Start Bits CheckIn-CheckOut')
#self.wind.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
#self.wind.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
#self.wind.geometry("330x300")
frame_2 = Label(self.wind, text = 'Registro de huéspedes')
frame_2.grid(row = 0, column = 0, pady = 5)
#
frame = LabelFrame(self.wind, text = 'Datos personales', borderwidth=4, relief="raised")
frame.grid(row = 1, column = 0, columnspan = 10, pady = 2, sticky = W + E)
#
# #label ID
L_ID = Label(frame, text = 'Cédula: ').grid(row = 1, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 1)
self.ID = Entry(frame, width = 25)
self.ID.focus()
self.ID.grid(row = 1, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
#label Nombre
L_name = Label(frame, text = 'Nombres: ').grid(row = 2, column =0, padx = 1, pady = 2)
self.nombre = Entry(frame, width = 25)
self.nombre.grid(row = 2, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
#label last
L_last = Label(frame, text = 'Apellidos: ').grid(row = 3, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 2)
self.last = Entry(frame, width = 25)
self.last.grid(row = 3, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
#label contact phone
L_phone = Label(frame, text = 'Teléfono: ').grid(row = 4, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 2)
self.phone = Entry(frame, width = 25)
self.phone.grid(row = 4, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
#label email
L_mail = Label(frame, text = 'Email: ').grid(row = 5, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 2)
self.mail = Entry(frame, width = 25)
self.mail.grid(row = 5, column = 1, columnspan = 2)
#label CheckIn
L_ChkIN = Label(frame, text = 'Check-In: ').grid(row = 6, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 5)
ttk.Button(frame, text = 'Fecha Check-In', command = self.fecha_In).grid(row = 6, column = 2)
#label CheckOut
L_ChkOut = Label(frame, text = 'Check-Out').grid(row = 7, column = 0, padx = 1, pady = 5)
#button registrar
ttk.Button(frame, text = 'Registrar' ).grid(row = 2, column = 6, padx = 10)
#button actualizar
ttk.Button(frame, text = 'Actualizar').grid(row = 4, column = 6, padx = 10)
def fecha_In(self):
self.fecha_in = Toplevel()
self.fecha_in.title = 'Fecha Check-In'
if __name__ == '__main__':
window = Tk()
style = ttk.Style(window)
style.theme_use('clam')
alien = PhotoImage(file = "Start Bits.png")
fondo = Label(window, image = alien).grid(row = 8, column = 0)
application = client(window)
window.mainloop()

Variable not defined issue with a simple GUI program

I'm following the examples in our text and I can't see any issue with the code that would cause this particular issue, it is saying lotnumsred isn't defined and I can't figure out why. Keeps returning NameError: name 'lotnumsred' is not defined.
from tkinter import *
import random
def pickrando():
addnumred = random.randint(1, 35)
lotnumsred.set(addnumred)
window = Tk()
window.title("Powerball")
producebutton = Button(window, text = "Produce a Drawing", command = pickrando())
producebutton.grid(padx=10, pady = 10, row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 4, sticky = NSEW)
lotnumsred = StringVar()
lotnumswhite = StringVar()
whiteentry = Entry(window, state = "readonly", textvariable = lotnumswhite, width = 10)
whiteentry.grid(padx = 5, pady = 5, row = 1, column = 1, sticky = W)
redentry = Entry(window, state = "readonly", textvariable = lotnumsred, width = 3)
redentry.grid(padx = 5, pady = 5, row = 2, column = 1, sticky = W)
whitelabel = Label(window, text = "White balls:")
whitelabel.grid(padx = 2, pady = 5, row = 1, column = 0, sticky = E)
redlabel = Label(window, text = "Red ball:")
redlabel.grid(padx = 2, pady = 5, row = 2, column = 0, sticky = E)
window.mainloop()
Should be putting a random number in the entry field for the red number, I know that white isn't in the code atm I removed it because it was originally having the same problem and I thought it was something else. So I don't expect the white numbers to work.

from tkinter import *
import random
def pickrando():
addnumred = random.randint(1, 35)
lotnumsred.set(addnumred)
window = Tk()
window.title("Powerball")
producebutton = Button(window, text = "Produce a Drawing", command = pickrando())
producebutton.grid(padx=10, pady = 10, row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 4, sticky = NSEW)
lotnumsred = StringVar()
lotnumswhite = StringVar()
whiteentry = Entry(window, state = "readonly", textvariable = lotnumswhite, width = 10)
whiteentry.grid(padx = 5, pady = 5, row = 1, column = 1, sticky = W)
redentry = Entry(window, state = "readonly", textvariable = lotnumsred, width = 3)
redentry.grid(padx = 5, pady = 5, row = 2, column = 1, sticky = W)
whitelabel = Label(window, text = "White balls:")
whitelabel.grid(padx = 2, pady = 5, row = 1, column = 0, sticky = E)
redlabel = Label(window, text = "Red ball:")
redlabel.grid(padx = 2, pady = 5, row = 2, column = 0, sticky = E)
window.mainloop()
You are accessing lotnumsred in the function pickrando(). So that means lotnumsred must be defined before you call that function. But pickrando() is supposed to be called whenever a Button is created. But what's actually happening is its being called on line 8
That is why you are getting the error, since pickrando() is being called, before the 10th line where lotnumsred is being definied.
You can change it by doing command = pickrando

How do i make a continue button? Python, tkinter

I want to make a button in my widget that when I press it, it proceeds to the next lines of code, and closes the existing widget of where the button is.
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Label(root, text = "Childs First name").grid(row = 0, sticky = W)
Label(root, text = "Childs Surname").grid(row = 1, sticky = W)
Label(root, text = "Childs Year of Birth").grid(row = 2, sticky = W)
Label(root, text = "Childs Month of Birth").grid(row = 3, sticky = W)
Label(root, text = "Childs Day of Birth").grid(row = 4, sticky = W)
Fname = Entry(root)
Sname = Entry(root)
x = Entry(root)
y = Entry(root)
z = Entry(root)
Fname.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
Sname.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
x.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
y.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
z.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
button1 = Button(root, text = "Quit", command = root.quit, bg = "Grey", fg = "White", width = 12).grid(row = 5, column = 0, sticky = W)
def save():
Fname_value = Fname.get()
Sname_value = Sname.get()
x_value = x.get()
y_value = y.get()
z_value = z.get()
save()
mainloop()

Sorry for this late answer. To make a 'continue' button:
continue_button = tk.Button(frame,text='continue',command=func)
continue_button.config(width=width_continue_button)
# set the coordinates as you want. here 2,6 for the example
continue_button.grid(row=2,column=6,padx=width_continue_grid)
then you have to write the function 'func' to fulfill your needs.
hope this helps

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