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how to update python in raspberry pi

I need python newest version in raspberry pi.
I tried apt install python3 3.8 apt install python3 but this didnot work.
And I also needed to update my raspberry pi python IDLE

First update the Raspbian.
sudo apt-get update
Then install the prerequisites that will make any further installation of Python and/or packages much smoother.
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential tk-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev libdb5.3-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev libffi-dev
And then install Python, maybe by downloading a compressed file?
example 1 :
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tgz
Extract the folder :
sudo tar zxf Python-3.8.0.tgz
Move into the folder :
cd Python-3.8.0
Initial configuration :
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
Run the makefile inside the folder with the mentioned parameters :
sudo make -j 4
Run again the makefile this time installing directly the package :
sudo make altinstall
Maybe You already did it but You don't know how to setup the new version as a default version of the system?
Check first that it has been installed :
python3.8 -V
Send a strong command to .bashrc telling him who (which version) is in charge of Python
echo "alias python=/usr/local/bin/python3.8" >> ~/.bashrc
Again! Tell him because .bashrc has to understand! I am joking - You have to source the file so the changes can be applied immediately :
source ~/.bashrc
And then check that Your system changed the default version of Python to Python 3.8
python -V
The failure depends on many factors : what dependencies are installed, what are the packages added to the source_list.d, some inconvenient coming up during the installation. All may give you more information than you think, just read carefully.
Hope it helped.

To all of you who got problem with freezing RPi 3 in step:
sudo make -j 4
just change it to:
sudo make -j 2
or simply:
sudo make
Best regards

Follow below commands to install the version which you want:
tar xf Python-3.x.x.tar.xz
cd Python-3.x.x
./configure --enable-optimizations
make
sudo make install
once completed run python -V

python3.7 No module named pip

i had a problem with installing packages to new upgraded python to version 3.7
When i type:
python3.7 -m pip install pip -d
/usr/local/bin/python3.7: No module named pip
I make easy_install like this: sudo easy_install pip what solve previous problems, but now it create pip3.7 in a weird way. Whem i calling for pip3.8 version, this returns me a message:
pip3.7 -V
pip 19.2.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip (python 3.5)
Someone know what i am doing wrong? I tried many things to resolve it. Reinstall, purge, install with symbolic link from python2 etc.
There is a script which i used to install python3.7 (i had also a problem with zlib):
sudo cd /home
sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
sudo tar xf Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
sudo cd ./Python-3.7.3/
sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3 10
python3 --version
Where is a mistake?

Answer finally i find myself. There: https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-python-3-7-on-debian-9/
There with similar errors you can recompile it, even without removal (on secound machine i checked without removal) failed installation before.
If someone want to good upgrade with everywith working on debian 9. I recommend that script:
NOW_DIR=$(pwd)
apt update
apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget
mkdir ~/python_upgrade
cd ~/python_upgrade
curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
tar -xf Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
cd Python-3.7.3
./configure --enable-optimizations
make -j $(nproc)
make altinstall
python3.7 --version
cd $NOW_DIR
rm -rf ~/python_upgrade
There are minor changes from that commands in tutorial. Run above file.sh as root.
It can take some times, on my virtual machine with 2 cores during another job it takes 40 minutes. I hope someone find there good answer, not totally green comments like 'apt install' which is first try action before looking to web.

apache-airflow fails install

I'm trying to install apache-airflow the recommended way with pip install apache-airflow. During the install of pendulum (a dependency), I get an error:
error: can't copy 'pendulum/parsing': doesn't exist or not a regular file
I think it's related to Python distutils error: "[directory]... doesn't exist or not a regular file", but that doesn't give an answer as to how one resolves this when using pip. Pulling the tar for pendulum and installing using python setup.py install works, but then when subsequently I do pip install apache-airflow again, it sees that pendulum is already installed, UNINSTALLS, and then tries to install again using pip, resulting in the same error. I'm using a docker container and installing python-setuptools with apt-get before I do any of this. Here's my dockerfile, fwiw...
FROM phusion/baseimage:0.10.1
MAINTAINER a curious dev
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python-setuptools python-pip python-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev zip wget
ENV SLUGIFY_USES_TEXT_UNIDECODE=yes
RUN wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5b/57/71fc910edcd937b72aa0ef51c8f5734fbd8c011fa1480fce881433847ec8/pendulum-2.0.4.tar.gz
RUN tar -xzvf pendulum-2.0.4.tar.gz
RUN cd pendulum-2.0.4/ && python setup.py install
RUN pip install apache-airflow
CMD airflow initdb && airflow webserver -p 8080
Does anyone see anything I'm doing wrong? I haven't found anyone else with this error so I think there's something really obvious I'm missing. Thanks for reading.

Upgrade pip first.
FROM phusion/baseimage:0.10.1
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python-setuptools python-pip python-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev zip wget
ENV SLUGIFY_USES_TEXT_UNIDECODE=yes
RUN pip install -U pip
RUN pip install apache-airflow
CMD airflow initdb && airflow webserver -p 8080
seems to work fine for me.

pyconfig.h missing during "pip install cryptography"

I wanna set up scrapy cluster follow this link scrapy-cluster,Everything is ok before I run this command:
pip install -r requirements.txt
The requirements.txt looks like:
cffi==1.2.1
characteristic==14.3.0
ConcurrentLogHandler>=0.9.1
cryptography==0.9.1
...
I guess the above command means to install packages in requirements.txt.But I don't want it to specify the version,So I change it to this:
cat requirements.txt | while read line; do pip install ${line%%[>=]*} --user;done
When install cryptography,it gives me the error:
build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c:12:24:fatal error:pyconfig.h:No such file or directory
#include <pyconfig.h>
I don't know how to solved this , I have tried a lot of methods ,but failed. my system is centos 7, and the version of python is 2.7.5(default).
Besides, Is there any other scrapy frame which is appliable for a large number of urls . Thanks in advance

For Ubuntu, python2
apt-get install python-dev
For Ubuntu, python3
apt-get install python3-dev

I have solved it by myself. for the default python of centos, there is only a file named pyconfg-64.h in usr/include/python2.7/,So run the command
yum install python-devel
Then it works.

for python3.6,
apt-get install python3.6-dev
and
apt-get install libssl-dev libffi-dev

i use python 2 on ubuntu and got the same problem when installing cryptography.
after i run this command
apt-get install python-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev
then it works.

For Python 3.7 on Debian, the following works for me.
apt-get install python3.7-dev
and
apt-get install libssl-dev
You may also need:
apt-get install libffi-dev

On a Debian based distro (AntiX distro), together with apt-get install python3-dev, I also installed rust, to complete successfully the pip3 install cryptography command. So, I gave:
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential curl python3-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev
$ sudo curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
When prompted (Figure 1), type 1 and hit Enter on your keyboard.
Once it completes, you have to give following commands:
$ source $HOME/.cargo/env
$ source ~/.profile
$ pip3 install cryptography

Unable to locate package virtualenv in ubuntu-13 on a virtual-machine

When i try to run the command:
sudo apt-get install virtualenv
The error I get in response is:
E: Unable to locate package virtualenv

The Ubuntu package is called python-virtualenv, not "virtualenv".

Try This :
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualenv

It's also possible that you may not have run sudo apt-get update. It worked for me.

You need to add python before virtualenv because ubuntu package is
python-virtualenv not virtualenv.
sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv

you can install it with this instruction :
curl -O https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/v/virtualenv/virtualenv-1.10.1.tar.gz
tar xvfz virtualenv-1.10.1.tar.gz
cd virtualenv-1.10.1
sudo python setup.py install

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualenv

Yess, if any one wants to have a look at ( installing virtualenv: a basis for the installation of ) django installation, please run this command when the shell opens up in Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
sudo apt-get install python-easy_install virtualenv
and then run the commands to simply start the instructions followed on the following link(starting from the section "Setting up a new environment"):
http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/1-serialization/