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jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: '_' is undefined

I am using flask_babel for localization of a python project.
When extracting translatable strings from templates, which is put in {{ _('') }} , i am getting the following error. If anyone of you can solve it, please share the solution here. thanks in advance.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2069, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2054, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2051, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1501, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1499, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1485, in dispatch_request
return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**req.view_args)
File "/mnt/c/Users/Lungsang/Desktop/new-pyrrha/pyrrha/app/main/views/index.py", line 34, in index
return render_template_with_nav_info('main/index.html')
File "/mnt/c/Users/Lungsang/Desktop/new-pyrrha/pyrrha/app/main/views/utils.py", line 60, in render_template_with_nav_info
return render_template(template, **kwargs)
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/templating.py", line 147, in render_template
return _render(
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/templating.py", line 128, in _render
rv = template.render(context)
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 1289, in render
self.environment.handle_exception()
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 924, in handle_exception
raise rewrite_traceback_stack(source=source)
File "/mnt/c/Users/Lungsang/Desktop/new-pyrrha/pyrrha/app/templates/main/index.html", line 1, in top-level template code
{% extends 'layouts/base.html' %}
File "/mnt/c/Users/Lungsang/Desktop/new-pyrrha/pyrrha/app/templates/layouts/base.html", line 36, in top-level template code
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
File "/mnt/c/Users/Lungsang/Desktop/new-pyrrha/pyrrha/app/templates/main/index.html", line 5, in block 'content'
<h1>{{ _('Welcome to Pyrrha !') }}</h1>
File "/home/lungsang/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/jinja2/utils.py", line 81, in from_obj
if hasattr(obj, "jinja_pass_arg"):
jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError: '_' is undefined
#MAIN APP FILE
from flask_login import current_user
from flask import request , Flask
from flask_babel import Babel
from .utils import render_template_with_nav_info
from .. import main
from ...models import Corpus
from ...utils.pagination import int_or
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['BABEL_DEFAULT_LOCALE'] = 'en'
babel = Babel(app)
#babel.localeselector
def get_locale():
#return request.accept_languages.best_match(['es', 'fr', 'en'])
return 'bo_CN'
#main.route('/')
def index():
if current_user.is_authenticated and not
current_user.is_anonymous:
corpora = Corpus.for_user(current_user, _all=False).paginate(
page=int_or(request.args.get("page"), 1),
per_page=20 # ToDo: Should it be hardcoded ?
)
return render_template_with_nav_info("main/index_loggedin.html", corpora=corpora)
return render_template_with_nav_info('main/index.html')
TEMPLATE FILE (index.html)
{% extends 'layouts/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="ui text container">
<h1>{{ _('Welcome to Pyrrha !') }}</h1>
<p>Pyrrha is a simple Python Flask WebApp to fasten the post-correction of lemmatized and morpho-syntactic tagged corpora.</p>
<p>It is under active development at the École Nationale des Chartes and can
be found on github.</p>
<p>To cite it in a paper, please use the information available on Zenodo</p>
</div>
{% endblock %}

After applying the following codes in init.py module, its working fine. Thank you
babel = Babel(app)
#babel.localeselector
def get_locale():
return 'es'

remove the "_" in the h1 tag in the template's file

Call mySQL rows to a Flask function and run model on them, outputting the results to a HTML table?

I want to call the rows of a column from a mySQL database table to my Flask application, so I can run my LDA topic model over them. I then want to print the LDA topics identified into a HTML table for the user to see. (I also want to visualise this data in the table, but that's another challenge). For now I just want to print the topics in a basic way.
When I run the code below and load my application, I get the following error:
TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
Full traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\jeram\anaconda3\envs\my_env\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2091, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "C:\Users\jeram\anaconda3\envs\my_env\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2076, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "C:\Users\jeram\anaconda3\envs\my_env\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2073, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "C:\Users\jeram\anaconda3\envs\my_env\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1518, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "C:\Users\jeram\anaconda3\envs\my_env\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1516, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "C:\Users\jeram\anaconda3\envs\my_env\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1502, in dispatch_request
return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**req.view_args)
File "c:\Users\jeram\Documents\NCI\Semester 3\TriagatronX50\app.py", line 65, in insight
new_corpus = [common_dictionary.doc2bow(text) for text in resultValue]
TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
This is my Python function:
#app.route('/insight', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def insight():
if request.method == 'GET':
# if request.form['submit_button'] == 'Main Themes':
cur = mysql.connection.cursor()
resultValue = cur.execute("SELECT journal_entry FROM journals")
common_dictionary = Dictionary(common_texts)
new_corpus = [common_dictionary.doc2bow(text) for text in resultValue]
lda = gensim.models.LdaModel(new_corpus, num_topics=5, alpha='auto', eval_every=5)
main_themes = pprint(lda.print_topics())
# return render_template('insight.html', value=main_themes)
return render_template('insight.html', value=main_themes)
My HTML code:
<div class="col-xs-5">
<table id=journallist>
<form method=" ">
<th>Topics Identified</th>
<tr>
<td> {{ value }} </td>
</tr>
</form>
</table>
<input type="submit" name="submit_button" value="Main Themes" class='btn'>
</div>
Ideally I would also like to get my button working so that the function only acts when it is called, but firstly I just want to get it working at a basic level.
Any help would be greatly appreciated!

Show HTML table with Flask and render_template

I would like to show a table on a website using Google Cloud SQL and Google App Engine.
I am using Flask and pymysql. To show the result of my query I use the render_template of Flask.
I already found other similar topics here (like Topic: Listing table results to HTML with Flask), but I still get an error when I deploy my app. It seems that the error has to do with the for loop.. The error says "jinja2.exceptions.TemplateSyntaxError: tag name expected".
Here's the full error message I get:
ERROR in app: Exception on /analysis [GET]
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2292, in wsgi_app response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1815, in full_dispatch_request rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1718, in handle_user_exception reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 35, in reraise raise value
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1813, in full_dispatch_request rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1799, in dispatch_request return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "/srv/main.py", line 61, in analysis return render_template("analysis.html", result = result)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/templating.py", line 134, in render_template return _render(ctx.app.jinja_env.get_or_select_template(template_name_or_list), File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 869, in get_or_select_template return self.get_template(template_name_or_list, parent, globals)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 830, in get_template return self._load_template(name, self.make_globals(globals))
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 804, in _load_template template = self.loader.load(self, name, globals)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/loaders.py", line 125, in load code = environment.compile(source, name, filename)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 591, in compile self.handle_exception(exc_info, source_hint=source_hint)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 780, in handle_exception reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/_compat.py", line 37, in reraise raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/srv/templates/analysis.html", line 23, in template <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>{% </span><span class="s2">for</span><span class="s1"> r </span><span class="s2">in</span><span class="s1"> result %}</span></p>
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py", line 497, in _parse return Parser(self, source, name, encode_filename(filename)).parse()
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py", line 901, in parse result = nodes.Template(self.subparse(), lineno=1)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py", line 883, in subparse rv = self.parse_statement()
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py", line 125, in parse_statement self.fail('tag name expected', token.lineno)
File "/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/jinja2/parser.py", line 59, in fail raise exc(msg, lineno, self.name, self.filename) jinja2.exceptions.TemplateSyntaxError: tag name expected
My Code in main.py:
import logging
import os
from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask import request
import urllib.request
from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlparse
import platform
import pymysql
import datetime
db_user = os.environ.get('CLOUD_SQL_USERNAME')
db_password = os.environ.get('CLOUD_SQL_PASSWORD')
db_name = os.environ.get('CLOUD_SQL_DATABASE_NAME')
db_connection_name = os.environ.get('CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME')
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.route('/analysis', methods=['GET'])
def analysis():
if os.environ.get('GAE_ENV') == 'standard':
unix_socket = '/cloudsql/{}'.format(db_connection_name)
cnx = pymysql.connect(user=db_user, password=db_password,
unix_socket=unix_socket, db=db_name)
else:
host = '127.0.0.1'
#unix_socket = '/cloudsql/{}'.format(db_connection_name)
cnx = pymysql.connect(user=db_user, password=db_password,
unix_socket=unix_socket, db=db_name)
with cnx.cursor() as cursor:
sql = 'SELECT * FROM content'
cursor.execute(sql)
result = cursor.fetchall()
cnx.close()
return render_template("analysis.html", result = result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, debug=True)
File analysis.html:
<!doctype html>
<table>
<tr>
  <th>contentID</th>
  <th>timestamp</th> 
  <th>clientID</th>
  <th>content</th>
</tr>
{% for r in result %}
<tr>
  <td>{{ r[0] }}</td>
  <td>{{ r[1] }}</td> 
  <td>{{ r[2] }}</td>
  <td>{{ r[3] }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
Do you have any suggestions what I can can change to make it work?
Thanks in advance!

One way you can do this is by first have an object, or use pandas to read_csv and then use the dataframe's to_html method.
This saves a ton of time if your data is already formatted correctly:
import pandas as pd
from flask import Flask, render_template
#app.route("/table-page", methods=['GET'])
def table():
data_dic = {
'id': [100, 101, 102],
'color': ['red', 'blue', 'red']}
columns = ['id', 'color']
index = ['a', 'b', 'c']
df = pd.DataFrame(data_dic, columns=columns, index=index)
table = df.to_html(index=False)
return render_template(
"at-leaderboard.html",
table=table)
Now you take the HTML string and paste it into you template without send it as JSON or a dict needing Jinja template formating:
<html>
<body>
<div>
{{ table | safe }}
</div>
</body>
</html>

Based on the stack trace, the text editor you're using for analysis.html isn't a plain text editor. It's saving the file in some other format, making it invalid Jinja2 syntax.
So this line that you see in your editor:
{% for r in result %}
Python will see as (based on the stack trace; added some line breaks for clarity):
<p class="p1">
<span class="s1">
<span class="Apple-tab-span">
</span>
{% </span><span class="s2">for</span><span class="s1"> r </span><span class="s2">in</span><span class="s1"> result %}
</span>
</p>
To fix the problem, open the file analysis.html in a plain text editor and edit it as needed.

{% for r in result %}
<p class="p1">
<span class="s1">
<span class="Apple-tab-span">
</span>
</span><span class="s2">for</span><span class="s1"> {{ r }}</span><span class="s2">in</span><span class="s1">
</span>
</p>
{% endfor %}

pywintypes.com error when running pyad.adgroup on flask

I am creating a simple app in Python 3.5.2 that authenticates users via Active Directory and applies additional rules based on a user's group membership. The app can successfully authenticate users using the win32security package, and tries to obtain group membership info using pyad.
My problem: I get a pywintypes.com_error message when running the code on my Flask app, preventing me from getting group membership info.
When I run the backend code separately on an iPython console, it works fine. I am able to query group membership. However, when it is part of a Flask app, an error pops out. I have isolated the problem to this part of the code (DN information masked):
group = adgroup.ADGroup.from_dn('CN=someCN,OU=someOU1,OU=someOU2,
DC=test,DC=domain,DC=com,DC=somecountry')
group_members = sum([member.get_attribute("sAMAccountName")
for member in group.get_members()],[])
Has anyone encountered this before? I cannot think of why the code won't run in Flask (though I have just started learning Flask) but it will run in the console.
Code Reference:
I have 3 Python files for my Flask app and an html file in the templates folder.
run.py
from app import app
import os
app.secret_key = os.urandom(16)
app.run(debug=True)
init.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
from app import views
views.py
from app import app
from flask import Flask, flash, render_template, request, session
import win32security as win32
from pyad import adgroup
#app.route("/")
def home():
if not session.get("logged_in"):
return render_template("login.html")
else:
return "You are currently logged in."
#app.route("/login", methods=["GET","POST"])
def login():
#initialize variables
username = request.form["username"]
password = request.form["password"]
DOMAIN = "test.domain.com.somecountry"
error = None
group = adgroup.ADGroup.from_dn('CN=someCN,OU=someOU1,OU=someOU2,DC=test,DC=domain,DC=com,DC=somecountry')
group_members = sum([member.get_attribute("sAMAccountName") for member in group.get_members()],[])
if username in group_members:
try:
token = win32.LogonUser(username, DOMAIN, password,
win32.LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK,
win32.LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT)
is_auth = bool(token)
if is_auth:
session["logged_in"] = True
except:
error = "Incorrect credentials. Please try again."
else:
error = "You are not permitted to access this."
return render_template("login.html", error=error)
login.html
<!doctype html>
<title>Login Test</title>
{% block body %}
{% if session["logged_in"] %}
<p>You are currently logged in.</p>
{% else %}
<form action="/login" method="POST">
<input type="username" name="username" placeholder="Username">
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password">
<input type="submit" value="Log In">
</form>
<li>{{error}}</li>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
This is the error traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2000, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1991, in wsgi_app
response = self.make_response(self.handle_exception(e))
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1567, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 33, in reraise
raise value
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1988, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1641, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1544, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 33, in reraise
raise value
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1639, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1625, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "C:\Users\user\Documents\test\app\views.py", line 23, in login
group = adgroup.ADGroup.from_dn('CN=someCN,OU=someOU1,OU=someOU2,DC=test,DC=domain,DC=com,DC=somecountry')
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pyad\adobject.py", line 131, in from_dn
return cls(distinguished_name, None, options)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pyad\adobject.py", line 88, in __init__
self.__set_adsi_obj()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Continuum\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pyad\adobject.py", line 76, in __set_adsi_obj
self._ldap_adsi_obj = self.adsi_provider.getObject('', self.__ads_path)
File "<COMObject ADsNameSpaces>", line 2, in getObject
pywintypes.com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, None, None, None, 0, -2147221020), None)

I was able to mitigate this error by running my same code in a python2 32bit environment.
Not sure if this is an option, but worth a shot.

Flask application on google app engine - Showing database object

I'm trying to make a flask app on google app engine which shows database entries on their own page.
This is a bit of my views.py code:
#app.route('/posts/<int:id>')
def display_post(id):
post = Post.filter('id =', id)
return render_template('display_post.html', post=post)
Then my display_posts.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
<h1 id="">Post</h1>
<li>
{{ posts.title }}<br />
{{ posts.content }}
</li>
</ul>
{% endblock %}
Now when I have a post with ID 5700305828184064 and visit this page I should see the title and content:
www.url.com/posts/5700305828184064
However I get this traceback:
<type 'exceptions.AttributeError'>: type object 'Post' has no attribute 'filter'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/base/data/home/apps/s~smart-cove-95709/1.384741962561717132/main.py", line 4, in <module>
run_wsgi_app(app)
File "/base/data/home/runtimes/python/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/ext/webapp/util.py", line 99, in run_wsgi_app
run_bare_wsgi_app(add_wsgi_middleware(application))
File "/base/data/home/runtimes/python/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/ext/webapp/util.py", line 117, in run_bare_wsgi_app
result = application(env, _start_response)
File "/base/data/home/apps/s~smart-cove-95709/1.384741962561717132/flask/app.py", line 874, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "/base/data/home/apps/s~smart-cove-95709/1.384741962561717132/flask/app.py", line 864, in wsgi_app
response = self.make_response(self.handle_exception(e))
File "/base/data/home/apps/s~smart-cove-95709/1.384741962561717132/flask/app.py", line 861, in wsgi_app
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "/base/data/home/apps/s~smart-cove-95709/1.384741962561717132/flask/app.py", line 696, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "/base/data/home/apps/s~smart-cove-95709/1.384741962561717132/blog/views.py", line 25, in display_post
post = Post.filter('id =', id)
How can I show the title and content of the entry for a given ID?

You need to create a query object first, then apply the filter to that.
q = Post.all()
post = q.filter("id =", id)
This is the first example in the GAE docs on queries.
Also, your template references the name posts, but you've passed in the name post. Change your template appropriately.