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Trying to download dataset, code doesn't work in Jupyter notebook but it does work in Pycharm

I'm trying to download the MNIST dataset from openml, using the openml library.
I tried using Jupyter notebooks because I don't want to download the same dataset every time.
Problem is, after running the following code, I get an error:
from openml.datasets import get_dataset
mnist = get_dataset(554)
x, y, p, q = mnist.get_data(
dataset_format="dataframe", target=mnist.default_target_attribute
)
I'm pasting the whole error message I get, the problem occurs when I try assigning the .get_data to x, y, p and q.
The environment I'm running this on is called Oceanic.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\openml\datasets\dataset.py:491, in OpenMLDataset._cache_compressed_file_from_file(self, data_file)
490 try:
--> 491 data = pd.read_parquet(data_file)
492 except Exception as e:
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parquet.py:493, in read_parquet(path, engine, columns, storage_options, use_nullable_dtypes, **kwargs)
491 impl = get_engine(engine)
--> 493 return impl.read(
494 path,
495 columns=columns,
496 storage_options=storage_options,
497 use_nullable_dtypes=use_nullable_dtypes,
498 **kwargs,
499 )
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\parquet.py:240, in PyArrowImpl.read(self, path, columns, use_nullable_dtypes, storage_options, **kwargs)
239 try:
--> 240 result = self.api.parquet.read_table(
241 path_or_handle, columns=columns, **kwargs
242 ).to_pandas(**to_pandas_kwargs)
243 if manager == "array":
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pyarrow\parquet.py:1731, in read_table(source, columns, use_threads, metadata, use_pandas_metadata, memory_map, read_dictionary, filesystem, filters, buffer_size, partitioning, use_legacy_dataset, ignore_prefixes)
1727 dataset = ParquetFile(
1728 source, metadata=metadata, read_dictionary=read_dictionary,
1729 memory_map=memory_map, buffer_size=buffer_size)
-> 1731 return dataset.read(columns=columns, use_threads=use_threads,
1732 use_pandas_metadata=use_pandas_metadata)
1734 if ignore_prefixes is not None:
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pyarrow\parquet.py:1608, in _ParquetDatasetV2.read(self, columns, use_threads, use_pandas_metadata)
1606 use_threads = False
-> 1608 table = self._dataset.to_table(
1609 columns=columns, filter=self._filter_expression,
1610 use_threads=use_threads
1611 )
1613 # if use_pandas_metadata, restore the pandas metadata (which gets
1614 # lost if doing a specific `columns` selection in to_table)
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pyarrow\_dataset.pyx:458, in pyarrow._dataset.Dataset.to_table()
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pyarrow\_dataset.pyx:2889, in pyarrow._dataset.Scanner.to_table()
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pyarrow\error.pxi:141, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status()
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\pyarrow\error.pxi:112, in pyarrow.lib.check_status()
OSError: NotImplemented: Support for codec 'snappy' not built
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Exception Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [10], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 x, y, p, q = mnist.get_data(
2 dataset_format="dataframe", target=mnist.default_target_attribute
3 )
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\openml\datasets\dataset.py:698, in OpenMLDataset.get_data(self, target, include_row_id, include_ignore_attribute, dataset_format)
658 def get_data(
659 self,
660 target: Optional[Union[List[str], str]] = None,
(...)
668 List[str],
669 ]:
670 """ Returns dataset content as dataframes or sparse matrices.
671
672 Parameters
(...)
696 List of attribute names.
697 """
--> 698 data, categorical, attribute_names = self._load_data()
700 to_exclude = []
701 if not include_row_id and self.row_id_attribute is not None:
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\openml\datasets\dataset.py:531, in OpenMLDataset._load_data(self)
528 self._download_data()
530 file_to_load = self.data_file if self.parquet_file is None else self.parquet_file
--> 531 return self._cache_compressed_file_from_file(file_to_load)
533 # helper variable to help identify where errors occur
534 fpath = self.data_feather_file if self.cache_format == "feather" else self.data_pickle_file
File ~\anaconda3\envs\Oceanic\lib\site-packages\openml\datasets\dataset.py:493, in OpenMLDataset._cache_compressed_file_from_file(self, data_file)
491 data = pd.read_parquet(data_file)
492 except Exception as e:
--> 493 raise Exception(f"File: {data_file}") from e
495 categorical = [data[c].dtype.name == "category" for c in data.columns]
496 attribute_names = list(data.columns)
Exception: File: C:\Users\Irving\.openml\org\openml\www\datasets\554\dataset.pq
Now, I've written the same code on Pycharm and it works just fine, I managed to correctly assign the dataframes and show them to me. I've got no idea why this isn't working and I would like to know why because I would prefer to work with Jupyter notebooks.
Any help is appreciated, thanks in advance.

Scattering data to dask cluster workers: unknown address scheme 'gateway'

I am following the code found on the accepted answer to this SO question (the "Chunk then scatter" part) and I get a strange error while trying to scatter a pandas.DataFrame to the workers.
I am working in jupyter notebook if that matters.
I am not sure what this error means, it's quite cryptic, so any help would be greatly appreciated.
from dask_gateway import Gateway
import dask.dataframe as dd
import dask
gateway = Gateway()
options = gateway.cluster_options()
cluster = gateway.new_cluster(cluster_options=options)
cluster.scale(10)
client = cluster.get_client()
X_train = ... # build pandas.DataFrame
x = dd.from_pandas(X_train, npartitions=10)
x = x.persist(get=dask.threaded.get) # chunk locally
futures = client.scatter(dict(x.dask)) # scatter chunks
x.dask = x
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exception Traceback (most recent call last)
/tmp/ipykernel_567/3586545525.py in <module>
1 x = dd.from_pandas(X_train, npartitions=10)
2 x = x.persist(get=dask.threaded.get) # chunk locally
----> 3 futures = client.scatter(dict(x.dask)) # scatter chunks
4 x.dask = x
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/client.py in scatter(self, data, workers, broadcast, direct, hash, timeout, asynchronous)
2182 else:
2183 local_worker = None
-> 2184 return self.sync(
2185 self._scatter,
2186 data,
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/client.py in sync(self, func, asynchronous, callback_timeout, *args, **kwargs)
866 return future
867 else:
--> 868 return sync(
869 self.loop, func, *args, callback_timeout=callback_timeout, **kwargs
870 )
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/utils.py in sync(loop, func, callback_timeout, *args, **kwargs)
330 if error[0]:
331 typ, exc, tb = error[0]
--> 332 raise exc.with_traceback(tb)
333 else:
334 return result[0]
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/utils.py in f()
313 if callback_timeout is not None:
314 future = asyncio.wait_for(future, callback_timeout)
--> 315 result[0] = yield future
316 except Exception:
317 error[0] = sys.exc_info()
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/tornado/gen.py in run(self)
760
761 try:
--> 762 value = future.result()
763 except Exception:
764 exc_info = sys.exc_info()
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/client.py in _scatter(self, data, workers, broadcast, direct, local_worker, timeout, hash)
2004 isinstance(k, (bytes, str)) for k in data
2005 ):
-> 2006 d = await self._scatter(keymap(stringify, data), workers, broadcast)
2007 return {k: d[stringify(k)] for k in data}
2008
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/client.py in _scatter(self, data, workers, broadcast, direct, local_worker, timeout, hash)
2073 )
2074 else:
-> 2075 await self.scheduler.scatter(
2076 data=data2,
2077 workers=workers,
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/core.py in send_recv_from_rpc(**kwargs)
893 name, comm.name = comm.name, "ConnectionPool." + key
894 try:
--> 895 result = await send_recv(comm=comm, op=key, **kwargs)
896 finally:
897 self.pool.reuse(self.addr, comm)
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/core.py in send_recv(comm, reply, serializers, deserializers, **kwargs)
686 if comm.deserialize:
687 typ, exc, tb = clean_exception(**response)
--> 688 raise exc.with_traceback(tb)
689 else:
690 raise Exception(response["exception_text"])
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/core.py in handle_comm()
528 result = asyncio.ensure_future(result)
529 self._ongoing_coroutines.add(result)
--> 530 result = await result
531 except (CommClosedError, CancelledError):
532 if self.status in (Status.running, Status.paused):
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/scheduler.py in scatter()
5795 assert isinstance(data, dict)
5796
-> 5797 keys, who_has, nbytes = await scatter_to_workers(
5798 nthreads, data, rpc=self.rpc, report=False
5799 )
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/utils_comm.py in scatter_to_workers()
143 rpcs = {addr: rpc(addr) for addr in d}
144 try:
--> 145 out = await All(
146 [
147 rpcs[address].update_data(
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/utils.py in All()
214 while not tasks.done():
215 try:
--> 216 result = await tasks.next()
217 except Exception:
218
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/core.py in send_recv_from_rpc()
893 name, comm.name = comm.name, "ConnectionPool." + key
894 try:
--> 895 result = await send_recv(comm=comm, op=key, **kwargs)
896 finally:
897 self.pool.reuse(self.addr, comm)
/srv/conda/envs/notebook/lib/python3.9/site-packages/distributed/core.py in send_recv()
688 raise exc.with_traceback(tb)
689 else:
--> 690 raise Exception(response["exception_text"])
691 return response
692
Exception: ValueError("unknown address scheme 'gateway' (known schemes: ['inproc', 'tcp', 'tls', 'ucx', 'ws', 'wss'])")

dd.from_pandas() does this "partitioning-then-scattering" internally, so you don't have to do it manually anymore. You can directly use the Dask DataFrame API on x, and the compute should automatically work on your cluster. :)
The answer you've linked is from 5 years ago, which is now outdated because Dask has matured a lot since. For instance, x.dask now refers to a "high level graph" (recently added feature) instead of a low-level graph. Dask Gateway uses its own URL scheme, and I'm guessing it's not able to interface with this older Dask syntax properly.
Also, note that mixing schedulers (as done in that answer) isn't recommended anymore.

Failure to parallelize code trying to load the same numpy array with joblib

I am new to the world of parallelization, and encountered a very odd bug as I was trying to run a function trying to load the same npy file running on several cores.
My code is of the form:
import os
from pathlib import Path
from joblib import Parallel, delayed
import multiprocessing
num_cores = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
mydir = 'path/of/your/choice'
myfile = 'myArray.npy'
mydir=Path(mydir)
myfile=mydir/myfile
os.chdir(mydir)
myarray = np.zeros((12345))
np.save(myfile, myarray)
def foo(myfile, x):
# function loading a myArray and working with it
arr=np.load(myfile)
return arr+x
if __name__=='__main__':
foo_results = Parallel(n_jobs=num_cores, backend="threading")(\
delayed(foo)(myfile,i) for i in range(10))
In my case, this script would run fine about 40% of the way, then return
--> 17 arr=np.load(mydir/'myArray.npy')
ValueError: cannot reshape array of size 0 into shape (12345,)
What blows my mind is that if I enter %pdb debug mode and actually try to run arr=np.load(mydir/'myArray.npy'), this works! So I assume that the issue stems from all the parallel processes running foo trying to load the same numpy array at the same time (as in debug mode, all the processes are paused and only the code that I execute actually runs).
This very minimal example actually works, presumably because the function is very simple and joblib handles this gracefully, but my code would be too long and complicated to be posted here - first of all, has anyone encountered a similar issue in the past? If no one manages to identify my issue, I will post my whole script.
Thanks for your help!
-------------------- EDIT ------------------
Given that there doesn't seem to be an easy answer with the toy code that I posted, here are the full error logs. I played around with the backends following #psarka recommendation and for some reason, the following error arises with the default loky backend (again, no problem to run the code in a non-parallel manner):
/media/maxime/ut_data/Dropbox/NeuroPyxels/npyx/corr.py in ccg_stack(dp, U_src, U_trg, cbin, cwin, normalize, all_to_all, name, sav, again, periods)
541
542 ccg_results=Parallel(n_jobs=num_cores)(\
--> 543 delayed(ccg)(*ccg_inputs[i]) for i in tqdm(range(len(ccg_inputs)), desc=f'Computing ccgs over {num_cores} cores'))
544 for ((i1, u1, i2, u2), CCG) in zip(ccg_ids,ccg_results):
545 if i1==i2:
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/parallel.py in __call__(self, iterable)
1052
1053 with self._backend.retrieval_context():
-> 1054 self.retrieve()
1055 # Make sure that we get a last message telling us we are done
1056 elapsed_time = time.time() - self._start_time
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/parallel.py in retrieve(self)
931 try:
932 if getattr(self._backend, 'supports_timeout', False):
--> 933 self._output.extend(job.get(timeout=self.timeout))
934 else:
935 self._output.extend(job.get())
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/_parallel_backends.py in wrap_future_result(future, timeout)
540 AsyncResults.get from multiprocessing."""
541 try:
--> 542 return future.result(timeout=timeout)
543 except CfTimeoutError as e:
544 raise TimeoutError from e
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py in result(self, timeout)
426 raise CancelledError()
427 elif self._state == FINISHED:
--> 428 return self.__get_result()
429
430 self._condition.wait(timeout)
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py in __get_result(self)
382 def __get_result(self):
383 if self._exception:
--> 384 raise self._exception
385 else:
386 return self._result
ValueError: Cannot load file containing pickled data when allow_pickle=False
but this arises with the threading backend, which is more informative (which was originally used in my question) - again, it is possible to actually run train = np.load(Path(dprm,fn)) in debug mode:
/media/maxime/ut_data/Dropbox/NeuroPyxels/npyx/corr.py in ccg_stack(dp, U_src, U_trg, cbin, cwin, normalize, all_to_all, name, sav, again, periods)
541
542 ccg_results=Parallel(n_jobs=num_cores, backend='threading')(\
--> 543 delayed(ccg)(*ccg_inputs[i]) for i in tqdm(range(len(ccg_inputs)), desc=f'Computing ccgs over {num_cores} cores'))
544 for ((i1, u1, i2, u2), CCG) in zip(ccg_ids,ccg_results):
545 if i1==i2:
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/parallel.py in __call__(self, iterable)
1052
1053 with self._backend.retrieval_context():
-> 1054 self.retrieve()
1055 # Make sure that we get a last message telling us we are done
1056 elapsed_time = time.time() - self._start_time
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/parallel.py in retrieve(self)
931 try:
932 if getattr(self._backend, 'supports_timeout', False):
--> 933 self._output.extend(job.get(timeout=self.timeout))
934 else:
935 self._output.extend(job.get())
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py in get(self, timeout)
655 return self._value
656 else:
--> 657 raise self._value
658
659 def _set(self, i, obj):
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/pool.py in worker(inqueue, outqueue, initializer, initargs, maxtasks, wrap_exception)
119 job, i, func, args, kwds = task
120 try:
--> 121 result = (True, func(*args, **kwds))
122 except Exception as e:
123 if wrap_exception and func is not _helper_reraises_exception:
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/_parallel_backends.py in __call__(self, *args, **kwargs)
593 def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
594 try:
--> 595 return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
596 except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
597 # We capture the KeyboardInterrupt and reraise it as
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/parallel.py in __call__(self)
261 with parallel_backend(self._backend, n_jobs=self._n_jobs):
262 return [func(*args, **kwargs)
--> 263 for func, args, kwargs in self.items]
264
265 def __reduce__(self):
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/joblib-1.0.1-py3.7.egg/joblib/parallel.py in <listcomp>(.0)
261 with parallel_backend(self._backend, n_jobs=self._n_jobs):
262 return [func(*args, **kwargs)
--> 263 for func, args, kwargs in self.items]
264
265 def __reduce__(self):
/media/maxime/ut_data/Dropbox/NeuroPyxels/npyx/corr.py in ccg(dp, U, bin_size, win_size, fs, normalize, ret, sav, verbose, periods, again, trains)
258 if verbose: print("File {} not found in routines memory.".format(fn))
259 crosscorrelograms = crosscorrelate_cyrille(dp, bin_size, win_size, sortedU, fs, True,
--> 260 periods=periods, verbose=verbose, trains=trains)
261 crosscorrelograms = np.asarray(crosscorrelograms, dtype='float64')
262 if crosscorrelograms.shape[0]<len(U): # no spikes were found in this period
/media/maxime/ut_data/Dropbox/NeuroPyxels/npyx/corr.py in crosscorrelate_cyrille(dp, bin_size, win_size, U, fs, symmetrize, periods, verbose, trains)
88 U=list(U)
89
---> 90 spike_times, spike_clusters = make_phy_like_spikeClustersTimes(dp, U, periods=periods, verbose=verbose, trains=trains)
91
92 return crosscorr_cyrille(spike_times, spike_clusters, win_size, bin_size, fs, symmetrize)
/media/maxime/ut_data/Dropbox/NeuroPyxels/npyx/corr.py in make_phy_like_spikeClustersTimes(dp, U, periods, verbose, trains)
46 for iu, u in enumerate(U):
47 # Even lists of strings can be dealt with as integers by being replaced by their indices
---> 48 trains_dic[iu]=trn(dp, u, sav=True, periods=periods, verbose=verbose) # trains in samples
49 else:
50 assert len(trains)>1
/media/maxime/ut_data/Dropbox/NeuroPyxels/npyx/spk_t.py in trn(dp, unit, sav, verbose, periods, again, enforced_rp)
106 if op.exists(Path(dprm,fn)) and not again:
107 if verbose: print("File {} found in routines memory.".format(fn))
--> 108 train = np.load(Path(dprm,fn))
109
110 # if not, compute it
~/miniconda3/envs/npyx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy-1.21.0rc2-py3.7-linux-x86_64.egg/numpy/lib/npyio.py in load(file, mmap_mode, allow_pickle, fix_imports, encoding)
443 # Try a pickle
444 if not allow_pickle:
--> 445 raise ValueError("Cannot load file containing pickled data "
446 "when allow_pickle=False")
447 try:
ValueError: Cannot load file containing pickled data when allow_pickle=False
The original error ValueError: cannot reshape array of size 0 into shape (12345,) doesn't show up anymore for some reason.

estimator.fit hangs on sagemaker on local mode

I am trying to train a pytorch model using Sagemaker on local mode, but whenever I call estimator.fit the code hangs indefinitely and I have to interrupt the notebook kernel. This happens both in my local machine and in Sagemaker Studio. But when I use EC2, the training runs normally.
Here the call to the estimator, and the stack trace once I interrupt the kernel:
import sagemaker
from sagemaker.pytorch import PyTorch
bucket = "bucket-name"
role = sagemaker.get_execution_role()
training_input_path = f"s3://{bucket}/dataset/path"
sagemaker_session = sagemaker.LocalSession()
sagemaker_session.config = {"local": {"local_code": True}}
output_path = "file://."
estimator = PyTorch(
entry_point="train.py",
source_dir="src",
hyperparameters={"max-epochs": 1},
framework_version="1.8",
py_version="py3",
instance_count=1,
instance_type="local",
role=role,
output_path=output_path,
sagemaker_session=sagemaker_session,
)
estimator.fit({"training": training_input_path})
Stack trace:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyboardInterrupt Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-9-35cdd6021288> in <module>
----> 1 estimator.fit({"training": training_input_path})
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/estimator.py in fit(self, inputs, wait, logs, job_name, experiment_config)
678 self._prepare_for_training(job_name=job_name)
679
--> 680 self.latest_training_job = _TrainingJob.start_new(self, inputs, experiment_config)
681 self.jobs.append(self.latest_training_job)
682 if wait:
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/estimator.py in start_new(cls, estimator, inputs, experiment_config)
1450 """
1451 train_args = cls._get_train_args(estimator, inputs, experiment_config)
-> 1452 estimator.sagemaker_session.train(**train_args)
1453
1454 return cls(estimator.sagemaker_session, estimator._current_job_name)
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/session.py in train(self, input_mode, input_config, role, job_name, output_config, resource_config, vpc_config, hyperparameters, stop_condition, tags, metric_definitions, enable_network_isolation, image_uri, algorithm_arn, encrypt_inter_container_traffic, use_spot_instances, checkpoint_s3_uri, checkpoint_local_path, experiment_config, debugger_rule_configs, debugger_hook_config, tensorboard_output_config, enable_sagemaker_metrics, profiler_rule_configs, profiler_config, environment, retry_strategy)
572 LOGGER.info("Creating training-job with name: %s", job_name)
573 LOGGER.debug("train request: %s", json.dumps(train_request, indent=4))
--> 574 self.sagemaker_client.create_training_job(**train_request)
575
576 def _get_train_request( # noqa: C901
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/local/local_session.py in create_training_job(self, TrainingJobName, AlgorithmSpecification, OutputDataConfig, ResourceConfig, InputDataConfig, **kwargs)
184 hyperparameters = kwargs["HyperParameters"] if "HyperParameters" in kwargs else {}
185 logger.info("Starting training job")
--> 186 training_job.start(InputDataConfig, OutputDataConfig, hyperparameters, TrainingJobName)
187
188 LocalSagemakerClient._training_jobs[TrainingJobName] = training_job
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/local/entities.py in start(self, input_data_config, output_data_config, hyperparameters, job_name)
219
220 self.model_artifacts = self.container.train(
--> 221 input_data_config, output_data_config, hyperparameters, job_name
222 )
223 self.end_time = datetime.datetime.now()
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/local/image.py in train(self, input_data_config, output_data_config, hyperparameters, job_name)
200 data_dir = self._create_tmp_folder()
201 volumes = self._prepare_training_volumes(
--> 202 data_dir, input_data_config, output_data_config, hyperparameters
203 )
204 # If local, source directory needs to be updated to mounted /opt/ml/code path
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/local/image.py in _prepare_training_volumes(self, data_dir, input_data_config, output_data_config, hyperparameters)
487 os.mkdir(channel_dir)
488
--> 489 data_source = sagemaker.local.data.get_data_source_instance(uri, self.sagemaker_session)
490 volumes.append(_Volume(data_source.get_root_dir(), channel=channel_name))
491
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/local/data.py in get_data_source_instance(data_source, sagemaker_session)
52 return LocalFileDataSource(parsed_uri.netloc + parsed_uri.path)
53 if parsed_uri.scheme == "s3":
---> 54 return S3DataSource(parsed_uri.netloc, parsed_uri.path, sagemaker_session)
55 raise ValueError(
56 "data_source must be either file or s3. parsed_uri.scheme: {}".format(parsed_uri.scheme)
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/local/data.py in __init__(self, bucket, prefix, sagemaker_session)
183 working_dir = "/private{}".format(working_dir)
184
--> 185 sagemaker.utils.download_folder(bucket, prefix, working_dir, sagemaker_session)
186 self.files = LocalFileDataSource(working_dir)
187
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/utils.py in download_folder(bucket_name, prefix, target, sagemaker_session)
286 raise
287
--> 288 _download_files_under_prefix(bucket_name, prefix, target, s3)
289
290
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sagemaker/utils.py in _download_files_under_prefix(bucket_name, prefix, target, s3)
314 if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
315 raise
--> 316 obj.download_file(file_path)
317
318
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/boto3/s3/inject.py in object_download_file(self, Filename, ExtraArgs, Callback, Config)
313 return self.meta.client.download_file(
314 Bucket=self.bucket_name, Key=self.key, Filename=Filename,
--> 315 ExtraArgs=ExtraArgs, Callback=Callback, Config=Config)
316
317
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/boto3/s3/inject.py in download_file(self, Bucket, Key, Filename, ExtraArgs, Callback, Config)
171 return transfer.download_file(
172 bucket=Bucket, key=Key, filename=Filename,
--> 173 extra_args=ExtraArgs, callback=Callback)
174
175
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/boto3/s3/transfer.py in download_file(self, bucket, key, filename, extra_args, callback)
305 bucket, key, filename, extra_args, subscribers)
306 try:
--> 307 future.result()
308 # This is for backwards compatibility where when retries are
309 # exceeded we need to throw the same error from boto3 instead of
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/s3transfer/futures.py in result(self)
107 except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
108 self.cancel()
--> 109 raise e
110
111 def cancel(self):
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/s3transfer/futures.py in result(self)
104 # however if a KeyboardInterrupt is raised we want want to exit
105 # out of this and propogate the exception.
--> 106 return self._coordinator.result()
107 except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
108 self.cancel()
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/s3transfer/futures.py in result(self)
258 # possible value integer value, which is on the scale of billions of
259 # years...
--> 260 self._done_event.wait(MAXINT)
261
262 # Once done waiting, raise an exception if present or return the
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/threading.py in wait(self, timeout)
550 signaled = self._flag
551 if not signaled:
--> 552 signaled = self._cond.wait(timeout)
553 return signaled
554
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/threading.py in wait(self, timeout)
294 try: # restore state no matter what (e.g., KeyboardInterrupt)
295 if timeout is None:
--> 296 waiter.acquire()
297 gotit = True
298 else:
KeyboardInterrupt:

SageMaker Studio does not natively support local mode. Studio Apps are themselves docker containers and therefore they require privileged access if they were to be able to build and run docker containers.
As an alternative solution, you can create a remote docker host on an EC2 instance and setup docker on your Studio App. There is quite a bit of networking and package installation involved, but the solution will enable you to use full docker functionality. Additionally, as of version 2.80.0 of SageMaker Python SDK, it now supports local mode when you are using remote docker host.
sdockerSageMaker Studio Docker CLI extension (see this repo) can simplify deploying the above solution in simple two steps (only works for Studio Domain in VPCOnly mode) and it has an easy to follow example here.
UPDATE:
There is now a UI extension (see repo) which can make the experience much smoother and easier to manage.

TF-Lite-Converter with Tensorflow-Extended Pipeline (Chicago Taxi Pipeline Example)

Goal: TFX -> TF Lite Converter -> Deploy models on mobile/IoT devices
I am currently learning the Tensorflow Extended with its Chicago Taxi Pipeline Example.
The pipeline is done running (although through a lot of hardships) and the Pusher Component has emitted a Tensorflow SavedModel file (.pb).
However, a new problem is encountered here:
By Tensorflow nightly/1.13.1 (tried both) and Python 2.7.6, I can generate, save and load a SavedModel (a model for mnist digit data for testing the utility) with some simple python code, such as saved_model.simple_save and saved_model.loader.load, but I keep running into errors when applying on the models the TFX Pusher emits, as follows.
(Maybe I did something wrong with the TFX Pipeline?)
The code I used:
import tensorflow as tf
with tf.Session(graph=tf.Graph()) as sess:
tf.compat.v1.saved_model.loader.load(sess, ["serve"], "/home/tigerpaws/taxi/serving_model/taxi_simple/1553187887")#"/home/tigerpaws/saved_model_example/model")
graph=tf.get_default_graph()
Error:
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-11-a6978b82c3d2> in <module>()
1 with tf.Session(graph=tf.Graph()) as sess:
----> 2 tf.compat.v1.saved_model.loader.load(sess, ["serve"], "/home/tigerpaws/taxi/serving_model/taxi_simple/1553187887")#"/home/tigerpaws/saved_model_example/model")
3 graph=tf.get_default_graph()
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/deprecation.pyc in new_func(*args, **kwargs)
322 'in a future version' if date is None else ('after %s' % date),
323 instructions)
--> 324 return func(*args, **kwargs)
325 return tf_decorator.make_decorator(
326 func, new_func, 'deprecated',
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/saved_model/loader_impl.pyc in load(sess, tags, export_dir, import_scope, **saver_kwargs)
267 """
268 loader = SavedModelLoader(export_dir)
--> 269 return loader.load(sess, tags, import_scope, **saver_kwargs)
270
271
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/saved_model/loader_impl.pyc in load(self, sess, tags, import_scope, **saver_kwargs)
418 with sess.graph.as_default():
419 saver, _ = self.load_graph(sess.graph, tags, import_scope,
--> 420 **saver_kwargs)
421 self.restore_variables(sess, saver, import_scope)
422 self.run_init_ops(sess, tags, import_scope)
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/saved_model/loader_impl.pyc in load_graph(self, graph, tags, import_scope, **saver_kwargs)
348 with graph.as_default():
349 return tf_saver._import_meta_graph_with_return_elements( # pylint: disable=protected-access
--> 350 meta_graph_def, import_scope=import_scope, **saver_kwargs)
351
352 def restore_variables(self, sess, saver, import_scope=None):
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/saver.pyc in _import_meta_graph_with_return_elements(meta_graph_or_file, clear_devices, import_scope, return_elements, **kwargs)
1455 import_scope=import_scope,
1456 return_elements=return_elements,
-> 1457 **kwargs))
1458
1459 saver = _create_saver_from_imported_meta_graph(
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/meta_graph.pyc in import_scoped_meta_graph_with_return_elements(meta_graph_or_file, clear_devices, graph, import_scope, input_map, unbound_inputs_col_name, restore_collections_predicate, return_elements)
804 input_map=input_map,
805 producer_op_list=producer_op_list,
--> 806 return_elements=return_elements)
807
808 # Restores all the other collections.
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/deprecation.pyc in new_func(*args, **kwargs)
505 'in a future version' if date is None else ('after %s' % date),
506 instructions)
--> 507 return func(*args, **kwargs)
508
509 doc = _add_deprecated_arg_notice_to_docstring(
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/importer.pyc in import_graph_def(graph_def, input_map, return_elements, name, op_dict, producer_op_list)
397 if producer_op_list is not None:
398 # TODO(skyewm): make a copy of graph_def so we're not mutating the argument?
--> 399 _RemoveDefaultAttrs(op_dict, producer_op_list, graph_def)
400
401 graph = ops.get_default_graph()
/home/tigerpaws/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/importer.pyc in _RemoveDefaultAttrs(op_dict, producer_op_list, graph_def)
157 # Remove any default attr values that aren't in op_def.
158 if node.op in producer_op_dict:
--> 159 op_def = op_dict[node.op]
160 producer_op_def = producer_op_dict[node.op]
161 # We make a copy of node.attr to iterate through since we may modify
KeyError: u'BucketizeWithInputBoundaries'
There was also another attempt, where I tried to convert the SavedModel into a GraphDef (Frozen Graph) so I could give the converter another try.
The conversion would need a output_node_names, which I don't know;
Neither could I find where the model is saved in the code (so maybe I can spot the output node names somewhere).
Any ideas on the problem or alternative ways? Thanks in advance.
Edit: can somebody help create tags? I have not reached 1500 reputation, but this question is really about tfx / tensorflow-extended

Sorry for the confusion caused; the problem actually is caused by the reading of the SavedModel file.
In the SavedModel, there is an operation BucketizeWithInputBoundaries, that is not defined in op_dict.
This is still in Google's TODO list, commented in two of their scripts.
Here and Here. (Github links):
# TODO(jyzhao): BucketizeWithInputBoundaries error without this.
After importing the specified script this problem is solved.
from tensorflow.contrib.boosted_trees.python.ops import quantile_ops # pylint: disable=unused-import