We Keep Coding

how to share codes between two devices?

I want to find a way that I can write some python code on my windows computer, and write continuously of these codes after I go back home on my mac computer. I am trying to set up a jupyter server on my windows, but I failed. Is there any other way that I can do this?

Use Codespaces, basically it creates a codespace and keeps your code in a GitHub repository, you can access, and run the code through a web version of VS code, or you can clone it, revise it, and then push it.

Dash output on webpage

I've only ever used Python in jupyter notebooks. I'm watching this video on Dash and his code outputs as a webpage. Where do I need to run my code to do that.
Here is the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSPmj7mK6ng&t=625s

Whatever your main file is, let's call it dash_app.py, can be run from the command line like:
python dash_app.py
You need to have Python installed on the computer you're using, of course, and you should navigate to the directory that contains your file before running that command. Once it runs, there should be a message that the page is available at a certain address, and you can direct your browser there to see it running locally.
To run it on the internet, available for anyone to visit, is a completely different story, and requires a whole lot more technology and setup. I won't get into it further, because it goes way beyond the scope of a single question here.

Using a Domain Name to Run a Python Script

This question isn't related to some specific code, but rather implementation:
This may seem like a dumb question but does anyone know how to use a domain name to host a python script that runs continuously? Some examples of how this would be used: as a script that handles data or a server for a game. If this is unreasonable, is there some other way to have a python script run continuously online?

You can run the script at Link1 or if you want to run it on your machine, you can create a page and put the script there can be with flask (and integrate it with flask) and mount it on a server and do not put it as a website with graphics but as a website that runs it Link2.

Run a Python file on a website

I finished up some python tutorials and would like to go a bit further. I can open the IDLE and execute the code just fine by pressing f5 (save and run) on my desktop but that is the limit of my abilities. I would like to be able to execute the programs on a webpage
I tried simply uploading the file to my server, then browsing to it in chrome. I'm sure you know what happened: the url displayed text on the screen.
Since I am brand new to python, I am not sure where to start or even what questions to ask. Basically I would like to run the program in the browswer as if the browswer was the IDLE, or better yet, create an html/css button that runs the program when clicked.

I'd advise you to look into something like flask. It's a micro-framework that includes a basic web server. The documentation should get you most of the way that you want to go.
Running python on the web usually means that when you hit an URL, the server runs some kind of python script, and returns a string - the HTML content of the page you're requesting. You can't use python to 'script' the webpage as you'd use javascript.
You can run python in an interactive interpreter running within a webpage though - just check out try ipython.

Flask is good.
Cherrypy - http://www.cherrypy.org/ - is also a great choice for a really simple way to run python on the server.

Fundamentally, you just configure your web server to execute the file instead of display it. Typically you set this for *.py files but you could restrict it, say, to files in a particular directory. Apparently, your server already has such a setting for PHP files.
Wrapping Python with PHP (obviously) adds neither speed nor security or utility.
Down the line you might want to look at frameworks, mod_python, WSGI, etc, but for your immediate problem, those are severe overkill.
This is limited to static server-side code; JavaScript runs interactively in the visitor's browser, allowing for much richer user interaction. A server-side script runs when the browser attempts to load the page, and the page load finishes when the script is done. If you want something like IDLE in your browser, that's a JavaScript challenge rather than a Python task (and that particular wheel has already been invented, productized, marketed, and sold to the Americans: http://pythonfiddle.com/)

like this:
python -c "import urllib2; exec urllib2.urlopen("http://localhost:8000/test.py").read()"

Executing Python program on web

Can I use os.system() or subprocess.call() to execute a Python program on a webserver?
I mean can I write these functions in a .py script and run it from a web browser and expect the program to be executed?
Thanks a lot.
EDIT:
Sorry for all the confusion, I am giving you more background to my problem.
The reason I am trying to do is this.
I have a Python program that accepts an XML file and returns me TTF file.
I run that program in terminal like this:
ttx somefile.xml
After which it does all the work and generates a ttf file.
Now when I deploy this script as a module on web server. I use a to allow user to browse and select the XML file.
Then I read the file data to temporary file and then pass the file to the module script to be executed like this:
ttx.main([temp_filename])
Is this right way to do it? Because at this point, I don't get any error in the log or in browser. I get blank screen.
When this didn't work, I was going to try os.system or subprocess.call

You do not use os.system or subprocess.call to execute something as a cgi process.
Maybe you should read the Python cgi tutorial here:
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~lab2q/
If you want your cgi process to communicate with another process on your local machine, you might want to look at "REST frameworks" for Python.

So long as your server is configured to run CGI scripts (Apache's documentation for that is here, for example), yes, you can execute a python script from a webserver. Simply make sure the script is in the appropriate cgi-bin/ directory and that the file has executable permission on the server.
With regards to your comments:
You can, if you really want, explicitly allow other folders on the server to run executable code. I don't know what server you're using, but on Apache this is done by setting Option +ExecCGI for the folder you want. Again, see the docs I linked to.
You need to give an absolute path with respect to the server. As an example, a site I develop has the layout: /public_html/cgi-bin/ When I want to access .cgi or .py files, the url for the site is something like http://chess.narnia.homeunix.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi. You can also set up re-directs to certain files if you want.
One way to pass parameters through your browser is to append them to the URL like an HTTP POST method. Here's a good example of doing that.
Is that what you were looking for with your question, or did you want to actually invoke the python script with os.system()?

Yes, I do it all the time. Import as you would do normally, stick your .py in your cgi-bin folder and make sure the server is capable of handling python.

Another option would be to simply create an application on Google's App Engine. That gives you oodles of resources and APIs for Python execution.
http://code.google.com/appengine

I've done it quite a bit in classic ASP on IIS 5 and above. I would have the ASP engine execute python code (instead of, e.g., vbscript (hearkening back to the old days, here)). Behind those asp pages would be python modules written in straight python that could be imported and could execute pretty much arbitrary code. As others have mentioned, the effective user needs to have execute permission on the thing you're trying to execute.