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how to remove an extra window in python Tkinter?

M trying to create a desktop app but facing some problem while switching between frames using button. Its working all fine but it gives me an extra blank window(consist nothing) when I run my project.
Below is my code. Please suggest me any changes or error in my code.
import tkinter as tk
class Toplevel1(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, top=None, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
top.geometry("600x450+306+137")
top.minsize(120, 1)
top.maxsize(1370, 749)
top.resizable(1, 1)
top.title("New Toplevel")
top.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
self.MenuFrame = tk.LabelFrame(top)
self.MenuFrame.place(relx=0.0, rely=0.0, relheight=0.989, relwidth=0.25)
self.MenuFrame.configure(relief='groove')
self.MenuFrame.configure(foreground="black")
self.MenuFrame.configure(background="#400080")
self.Button1 = tk.Button(self.MenuFrame)
self.Button1.place(relx=0.133, rely=0.067, height=24, width=107, bordermode='ignore')
self.Button1.configure(background="#00ff80")
self.Button1.configure(foreground="#000000")
self.Button1.configure(pady="0")
self.Button1.configure(text='''Button 1''')
self.Button1.configure(command= lambda : self.show_frame(ButtonOne))
self.MainWindow = tk.LabelFrame(top)
self.MainWindow.place(relx=0.267, rely=0.111, relheight=0.767, relwidth=0.7)
self.MainWindow.configure(relief='groove')
self.MainWindow.configure(foreground="black")
self.MainWindow.configure(background="#808040")
self.frames = {}
for F in (StartPage, ButtonOne):
frame = F(self.MainWindow)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# label of frame Layout 2
# second window frame page1
class ButtonOne(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Button 1 is pressed")
label.pack()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
app = Toplevel1(root)
root.mainloop()

This causes a window to be created:
class Toplevel1(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, top=None, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
...
...
app = Toplevel1(root)
And this causes a window to be created:
root = tk.Tk()
If you don't want Toplevel1 to be a separate window, don't inherit from tk.Tk. Instead, you can inherit from tk.Frame, and then you can call pack, place, or grid to add this to the root window.
However, it looks like you're intending for your Toplevel1 to be the true root window, so you can remove root = tk.Tk(). You can then do app.mainloop() rather than root.mainloop() You'll also have to make a few other adjustments, such as using self rather than top inside Toplevel1.__init__.
Put another way, if you want only one window then either inherit from tk.Tk or create an instance of tk.Tk, but don't do both.

As on tkinter callbacks, tk.Tk in class Toplevel1 is about the same as Toplevel1=tk.Tk() which, in a sesne opens a new window. the third line from whitespace, tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs), it becomes useless.

Python Tkinter Edit Menu Window

I'm trying to edit Menu window. How can i edit it?
This is for Windows.
from tkinter import *
Window = Tk()
MB = Menu(Window)
Window.config(menu=MB)
Menubar = Menu(MB)
MB.add_cascade(label="File", menu=Menubar)
Menubar.add_command(label="New File")
#Btn1 = Button(Menubar, width=20, text="Button").pack() #I failed.
Window.mainloop()
I tried Btn1 = Button(Menubar, width=20, text="Button").pack()
But this one couldn't work.

usually you add items to menu like this - but what are looking for?
window = Tk()
mb = Menu(window)
menu_bar = Menu(mb, tearoff=0)
menu_bar.add_command(label="New")
menu_bar.add_command(label="Open")
menu_bar.add_command(label="Save")
menu_bar.add_command(label="Save as...")
menu_bar.add_command(label="Close")
menu_bar.add_separator()
menu_bar.add_command(label="Exit", command=window.quit)
mb.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_bar)
top.config(menu=mb)

You cannot add arbitrary widgets to a menu. To add items to a menu you must use one of the following functions available on the Menu object:
add
add_command
add_cascade
add_checkbutton
add_radiobutton
add_separator
To add a textual label you can use add_command and set the command attribute to None.
All of these are documented with the Menu widget definition itself, and on just about any site that includes widget documentation.

If you're looking for a control of Menu Bar with Buttons you can do it. All of the code will be in the same file.py .Libraries in Python3 (For Python 2 change to import Tkinter as tk). Later you can redirect to each window with each menu with buttons.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
Global list of titles for
nombre_ventanas={'PageOne'}
One menubar, you need to add similar for each menu that you want to display. menubar_global, menubar1, menubar2, ...
def menubar_global(self, root, controller):
menubar_global = tk.Menu(root)
page_1 = tk.Menu(menubar_global, tearoff=0)
# With Submenu for page_1
page_1_1=tk.Menu(page_1 , tearoff=0)
page_1_2=tk.Menu(page_1 , tearoff=0)
Main
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = ControlWindow()
app.mainloop()
Class for windows control
class ControlWindow(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
self._nombre_ventanas = nombre_ventanas
for F in self._nombre_ventanas:
F = eval(F)
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
# First window
self.show_frame(Login)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
# Title for each page
self.title(titulo_ventanas[cont._name_for_menu_bar])
# Here you can add if-sentece for each menubar that you want
if cont._name_for_menu_bar != "PageOne":
# Menu bar
print("show_frame", cont)
menubar = frame.menubar(self)
self.configure(menu=menubar)
else:
menubar = 0
self.configure(menu=menubar)
class Ventana_proveedores(tk.Frame):
_name_for_menu_bar = "Ventana_proveedores"
_config = configuracion
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
tk.Button(self, text='Regresar', font=FONT_LABELFRAME,
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(Ventana_gerente)).grid(row=0, column=0)
def menubar(self, root):
return menubar_global(self, root, self.controller)
Later Each Page need to have this configuration
class PageOne(tk.Frame):
_name_for_menu_bar = "PageOne"
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
def menubar(self, root):
return menubar_global(self, root, self.controller)

Why does changing a variable from a lambda not work?

I have been working on Tkinter and am finding trouble passing values between different frames, so I followed this tutorial here, using the "shared data" solution provided by Bryan Oakley and adding it to my own code.
Except I cannot set the value in the "shared data" dictionary as a command on a button.
A few comments in the code below outline the problem. If I just try to change the variable during the init of my choice page, it changes normally. But putting it in a lambda means that the dictionary variable won't change at all. And trying to use a def for the button command has its own complications.
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
# from tkinter import messagebox
TITLE_FONT = ("Segoe UI Light", 22)
SUBTITLE_FONT = ("Segoe UI Light", 12)
window_size = [300, 200]
resistors = []
choice = "default"
class RegApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
tk.Tk.iconbitmap(self, default="test.ico")
tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Test")
self.shared_data = {
"choice": tk.StringVar(),
}
container = tk.Frame(self, width=window_size[0], height=window_size[1])
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in panels:
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="NSEW")
self.show_frame(WelcomePage)
def show_frame(self, container):
frame = self.frames[container]
frame.tkraise()
class WelcomePage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
title_label = ttk.Label(self, text="Welcome", font=TITLE_FONT)
subtitle_label = ttk.Label(self, text="Let's run some numbers.", font=SUBTITLE_FONT)
start_button = ttk.Button(self, text="Begin", width=24, command=lambda: controller.show_frame(ChoicePage))
title_label.pack(pady=(40, 5))
subtitle_label.pack(pady=(0, 10))
start_button.pack()
class ChoicePage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
self.controller.shared_data["choice"].set("test2") # Here, the variable is set fine
title_label = ttk.Label(self, text="Is your resistor network \nin series or parallel?", font=SUBTITLE_FONT,
justify=tk.CENTER)
series_button = ttk.Button(self, text="Series", width=24,
command=lambda: [self.controller.shared_data["choice"].set("series"), controller.show_frame(ValuePage)])
# But when I use it in a lambda, the variable doesn't even seem to set at all. It switches to the next page and has the value ""
parallel_button = ttk.Button(self, text="Parallel", width=24,
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(ValuePage))
title_label.pack()
series_button.pack()
parallel_button.pack()
# TODO Make the user select between 'series' and 'parallel'
class ValuePage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
title_label = ttk.Label(self, text=self.controller.shared_data["choice"].get(), font=SUBTITLE_FONT,
justify=tk.CENTER)
title_label.pack()
panels = [WelcomePage, ChoicePage, ValuePage]
app = RegApp()
app.resizable(False, False)
app.geometry('{}x{}'.format(window_size[0], window_size[1]))
app.mainloop()

well passing data between frames isn't too hard. there are 2 ways I like to do it.
Method 1:
setup a frame to be something like this....
class ThirdName(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
now just say something like:
self.data = "this is some data"
now when you're in another frame you can call it like this:
print(ThirdName.data)
>>> "this is some data"
Second way is just to send it somewhere like this:
value_1 = 'Richard'
bobby_def(value_1, 42, 'this is some text')
...
def bobby_def(name, number, text)
print(text)
or...
return(name, number, text)
Bobby will get the data :)
ok.... second point... moving between frames can be done with something like this:
self.button_to_go_to_home_page = tk.Button(self, text='Third\nPage', font=Roboto_Normal_Font,
command=lambda: self.controller.show_frame(ThirdName),
height=2, width=12, bd = 0, activeforeground=active_fg, activebackground=active_bg, highlightbackground=border_colour,
foreground=bg_text_colour, background=background_deselected)
self.button_to_go_to_home_page.place(x=20, y=280)
**set up a frame with stuff like this:
class SecondName(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
Yes, the self.controller method is one I use too and it's nice to have lots of your data together in one frame.

Why are you using 'controller' instead of 'self.controller'? It's kind of confusing that you assign 'self.controller' at the start of the constructor and then you use 'controller' instead. Maybe that variable shadowing is causing your problem.

Python tkinter text modified callback

In python 2.7, I am trying to get a callback every time something is changed in the Tkinter Text widget.
The program uses multiple frames based on code found here: Switch between two frames in tkinter
The callback part is taken from the following example: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/464635-call-a-callback-when-a-tkintertext-is-modified/
Both codes work fine separately, but combining those two is difficult for me.
Here is my attempt with as bare bones code as possible.
import Tkinter as tk
class Texter(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack()
self.frames = {}
for F in (ConnectPage, EditorPage):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
page_name = EditorPage.__name__
self.frames[page_name] = frame
self.show_frame(ConnectPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
def get_page(self, page_name):
return self.frames[page_name]
class ConnectPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
button1 = tk.Button(self, text="SecondPage",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(EditorPage))
button1.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=15)
class EditorPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.text = tk.Text(self, height=25, width=80)
self.text.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky="nw")
button2 = tk.Button(self, text="FirstPage",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(ConnectPage))
button2.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=15)
self.clearModifiedFlag()
self.bind_all('<<Modified>>', self._beenModified)
def _beenModified(self, event=None):
if self._resetting_modified_flag: return
self.clearModifiedFlag()
print("Hello!")
#self.beenModified(event)
def clearModifiedFlag(self):
self._resetting_modified_flag = True
try:
self.tk.call(self._w, 'edit', 'modified', 0)
finally:
self._resetting_modified_flag = False
if __name__ == '__main__':
gui = Texter()
gui.mainloop()
I tried taking only the necessary parts from the callback example.
The code does do a callback (if self.tk.call(self._w, 'edit', 'modified', 0) line is commented out) when the text is modified, but resetting the modified flag does not work, so only the first modification is registered.
At the moment I get the following error:
line 67, in clearModifiedFlag
self.tk.call(self._w, 'edit', 'modified', 0)
_tkinter.TclError: bad option "edit": must be cget or configure
In the callback example code "edit" works fine.
Edit: This is the working code
import Tkinter as tk
class Texter(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack()
self.frames = {}
for F in (ConnectPage, EditorPage):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
page_name = EditorPage.__name__
self.frames[page_name] = frame
self.show_frame(ConnectPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
def get_page(self, page_name):
return self.frames[page_name]
class ConnectPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
button1 = tk.Button(self, text="SecondPage",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(EditorPage))
button1.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=15)
class EditorPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.text = CustomText(self, height=25, width=80)
self.text.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky="nw")
self.text.bind("<<TextModified>>", self.onModification)
button2 = tk.Button(self, text="FirstPage",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(ConnectPage))
button2.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=15)
def onModification(self, event):
print("Yellow!")
class CustomText(tk.Text):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""A text widget that report on internal widget commands"""
tk.Text.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
# create a proxy for the underlying widget
self._orig = self._w + "_orig"
self.tk.call("rename", self._w, self._orig)
self.tk.createcommand(self._w, self._proxy)
def _proxy(self, command, *args):
cmd = (self._orig, command) + args
result = self.tk.call(cmd)
if command in ("insert", "delete", "replace"):
self.event_generate("<<TextModified>>")
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
gui = Texter()
gui.mainloop()

I suggest a simpler approach. You can set up a proxy for the widget, and within that proxy you can detect whenever anything was inserted or deleted. You can use that information to generate a virtual event, which can be bound to like any other event.
Let's start by creating a custom text widget class, which you will use like any other text widget:
import Tkinter as tk
class CustomText(tk.Text):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""A text widget that report on internal widget commands"""
tk.Text.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
# create a proxy for the underlying widget
self._orig = self._w + "_orig"
self.tk.call("rename", self._w, self._orig)
self.tk.createcommand(self._w, self._proxy)
def _proxy(self, command, *args):
cmd = (self._orig, command) + args
result = self.tk.call(cmd)
if command in ("insert", "delete", "replace"):
self.event_generate("<<TextModified>>")
return result
The proxy in this example does three things:
First it calls the actual widget command, passing in all of the arguments it received.
Next it generates an event for every insert and every delete
Then it then generates a virtual event
And finally it returns the results of the actual widget command
You can use this widget exactly like any other Text widget, with the added benefit that you can bind to <<TextModified>>.
For example, if you wanted to display the number of characters in the text widget you could do something like this:
root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root, anchor="w")
text = CustomText(root, width=40, height=4)
label.pack(side="bottom", fill="x")
text.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
def onModification(event):
chars = len(event.widget.get("1.0", "end-1c"))
label.configure(text="%s chars" % chars)
text.bind("<<TextModified>>", onModification)
root.mainloop()

I integrated the above <<TextModified>> example in my code and it
worked quite well, except that it was interfering with some
edit_modified() commands.
Fortunately, the tkinter Text window has a poorly documented feature
which is as good and is fully compatible with the edit_modified() get
or set commands: the predefined <<Modified>> tag. You don't even have
to create it, it works out-of-the-box.
Here are the relevant parts of my code:
The "self" prefixes were removed, some adjustments may be needed
Put that in your Text gadget code:
title = set_title(fname, numbr)
text.bind("<<Modified>>", lambda dummy: save_indicator(title))
Make sure these functions are visible:
def set_title(fname, numbr):
"Creates a window title showing the save indicator,"
"the file name and a window number"
fname = strip_path(fname)
if not fname:
fname = "(New Document)"
return "+ {} - Window no.{}".format(fname, numbr)
def strip_path(fname):
return os.path.split(fname)[-1]
def save_indicator(title, event=None):
"Update the window title"
titre = toggle_star(title)
text.winfo_toplevel().title(title)
def toggle_star(title):
"Change the first character of the title"
chr='+'; chr0='x'
if text.edit_modified():
title = chr0 + title[1:]
else:
title = chr + title[1:]
return title
Here is a complete working example with the predefined <<Modified>> tag:
def toggle_star(title):
"Change the color of the star in the title bar"
chr='+'; chr0='x'
if text.edit_modified():
title = chr0 + title[1:]
else:
title = chr + title[1:]
return title
def set_title(fname, winno):
"Put save indicator, file name and window number in the title"
if not fname:
fname = "(New Document)"
return "+ {} - Window no.{}".format(fname, winno)
def mockSave(title, event=None):
title = toggle_star(title)
root.winfo_toplevel().title(title)
text.edit_modified(0)
def read_ed_mod():
print("text.edit_modified()=", text.edit_modified())
def onModification(title, event=None):
title = toggle_star(title)
root.winfo_toplevel().title(title)
from tkinter import *
fname = 'blabla.txt'
winno = 1 ;
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, anchor="w")
text = Text(root, width=40, height=4)
label.pack(side="bottom", fill="x")
text.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
Button(root, text='Mock Save', command= lambda: mockSave(title)).pack(side=LEFT)
Button(root, text='Read ed_mod', command= lambda: read_ed_mod()).pack(side=RIGHT)
text.bind('<<Modified>>', lambda event: onModification(title))
title = set_title(fname, winno)
root.winfo_toplevel().title(title)
text.edit_modified(0)
root.mainloop()

3 ValueError: dictionary update sequence element #0 has length 3; 2 is required 1

I am using tkinter and trying to create a library of frames instead of having my program open new windows every time. I have begun creating a welcome page and I am trying to display what I have created only for it to give me this error message. "ValueError: dictionary update sequence element #0 has length 1; 2 is required"
Here is my code:
#!/usr/bin/python
from tkinter import *
import tkinter as tk
Large_Font = ("Verdana", 18)
class ATM(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side = "top", fill ="both", expand =True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for i in (WelcomePage, Checking):
frame = i(container, self)
self.frames[i] = frame
frame.grid(row= 0, column = 0, sticky= "nsew")
self.show_frame(WelcomePage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class WelcomePage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller = controller
label = tk.Label(self, "Welcome to the ATM Simulator", font = Large_Font)
label.pack(pady=100, padx=100)
checkButton = Button(self, text = "Checking Account",
command = lambda: controller.show_frame(Checking))
checkButton.pack()
class Checking(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, controller)
self.controller = controller
label = tk.Label(self, "Welcome to the ATM Simulator", font = Large_Font)
label.pack(pady=100, padx=100)
homeButton = Button(self, text = "Back to Home Page",
command = lambda: controller.show_frame(WelcomePage))
homeButton.pack()
app = ATM()
app.mainloop()
The error message is occurring because I state that
frame = i(container, self)
but when I create the class I state
class WelcomePage(tk.Frame):
The dictionary element in my WelcomePage class only has 1 parameter but I need two. I tried putting self as the second parameter but that did not work. This worked in Python 3.4 but now that I am using Python 3.5 it gives me this error. How would I fix this?

class Checking(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, controller)
I don't think Frame's initializer can accept that many arguments unless controller is a dictionary. Try:
class Checking(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
You should also use the text named argument to specify the text for your labels.
label = tk.Label(self, text="Welcome to the ATM Simulator", font = Large_Font)