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Record Video Button in tkinter GUI python

I'm pretty new to python and espcially tkinter and opencv.
I've got someway (a little way) to creating a gui that will eventually control a microscope and ai. But I've hit a stumbling block, trying to record the video that is displayed within the gui, I think its to do with the video feed already been captured in the display, but I can't find a way around it. It all works fine until I hit record then it crashes and i get the error: open VIDEOIO(V4L2:/dev/video0): can't open camera by index.
Apologies for the long code but I've cut it down to as much as I think possible.
The problem is in the root.recbtn and def rec sections.
import cv2
import tkinter as tk
import multiprocessing
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
from datetime import datetime
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog
e = multiprocessing.Event()
p = None
# Defining CreateWidgets() function to create necessary tkinter widgets
def createwidgets():
root.cameraLabel = Label(root, bg="gray25", borderwidth=3, relief="ridge")
root.cameraLabel.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, columnspan=3)
root.browseButton = Button(root, bg="gray25", width=10, text="BROWSE", command=destBrowse)
root.browseButton.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
root.recbtn = Button(root, bg="gray25", width=10, text="Record", command=rec)
root.recbtn.grid(row=1, column=5, padx=10, pady=10)
root.saveLocationEntry = Entry(root, width=55, textvariable=destPath)
root.saveLocationEntry.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)
# Calling ShowFeed() function
ShowFeed()
# Defining ShowFeed() function to display webcam feed in the cameraLabel;
def ShowFeed():
# t5 # Capturing frame by frame
ret, frame = root.cap.read()
if ret:
# Flipping the frame vertically
frame = cv2.flip(frame, 1)
# Changing the frame color from BGR to RGB
cv2image = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGBA)
# Creating an image memory from the above frame exporting array interface
videoImg = Image.fromarray(cv2image)
# Creating object of PhotoImage() class to display the frame
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image = videoImg)
# Configuring the label to display the frame
root.cameraLabel.configure(image=imgtk)
# Keeping a reference
root.cameraLabel.imgtk = imgtk
# Calling the function after 10 milliseconds
root.cameraLabel.after(10, ShowFeed)
else:
# Configuring the label to display the frame
root.cameraLabel.configure(image='')
def destBrowse():
# Presenting user with a pop-up for directory selection. initialdir argument is optional
# Retrieving the user-input destination directory and storing it in destinationDirectory
# Setting the initialdir argument is optional. SET IT TO YOUR DIRECTORY PATH
destDirectory = filedialog.askdirectory(initialdir="YOUR DIRECTORY PATH")
# Displaying the directory in the directory textbox
destPath.set(destDirectory)
def rec():
vid_name = datetime.now().strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H-%M-%S')
# If the user has selected the destination directory, then get the directory and save it in image_path
if destPath.get() != '':
vid_path = destPath.get()
# If the user has not selected any destination directory, then set the image_path to default directory
else:
messagebox.showerror("ERROR", "No Directory Selected!")
# Concatenating the image_path with image_name and with .jpg extension and saving it in imgName variable
vidName = vid_path + '/' + vid_name + ".avi"
capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc('X', 'V', 'I', 'D')
videoWriter = cv2.VideoWriter(vidName, fourcc, 30.0, (640, 480))
while (True):
ret, frame = capture.read()
if ret:
cv2.imshow('video', frame)
videoWriter.write(frame)
if cv2.waitKey(1) == 27:
break
capture.release()
videoWriter.release()
# Creating object of tk class
root = tk.Tk()
# Creating object of class VideoCapture with webcam index
root.cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
# Setting width and height
width, height = 1200, 1200
root.cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, width)
root.cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, height)
# Setting the title, window size, background color and disabling the resizing property
root.title("Test-AI-tes")
root.geometry("1600x1024")
root.resizable(True, True)
root.configure(background = "gray18")
# Creating tkinter variables
destPath = StringVar()
imagePath = StringVar()
createwidgets()
root.mainloop()
Thanks!

This answer is similar to #Art's answer but I removed the after_id and queue.
import cv2
import threading
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
def stop_rec():
global running
running = False
start_button.config(state="normal")
stop_button.config(state="disabled")
def start_capture():
global capture, last_frame
capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc("X", "V", "I", "D")
video_writer = cv2.VideoWriter(r"sample.avi", fourcc, 30.0, (640, 480))
while running:
rect, frame = capture.read()
if rect:
cv2image = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGBA)
last_frame = Image.fromarray(cv2image)
video_writer.write(frame)
capture.release()
video_writer.release()
def update_frame():
if last_frame is not None:
tk_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(master=video_label, image=last_frame)
video_label.config(image=tk_img)
video_label.tk_img = tk_img
if running:
root.after(10, update_frame)
def start_rec():
global running
running = True
thread = threading.Thread(target=start_capture, daemon=True)
thread.start()
update_frame()
start_button.config(state="disabled")
stop_button.config(state="normal")
def closeWindow():
stop_rec()
root.destroy()
running = False
after_id = None
last_frame = None
root = tk.Tk()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closeWindow)
video_label = tk.Label()
video_label.pack(expand=True, fill="both")
start_button = tk.Button(text="Start", command=start_rec)
start_button.pack()
stop_button = tk.Button(text="Stop", command=stop_rec, state="disabled")
stop_button.pack()
root.mainloop()
It uses the boolean flag running instead of using after_id. Also instead of storing the images in a queue then showing it, I only keep the last image. That way it can run in real time on my computer. Don't worry all of the frames are still being stored in the video file.

You cannot have infinite while loop along with the GUI's loop. You should instead make use of threading, whenever you have an IO operation to complete.
Example code:
import cv2
import threading
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from queue import Queue
def stop_rec():
global running, after_id
running = False
if after_id:
root.after_cancel(after_id)
after_id = None
with frame_queue.mutex:
frame_queue.queue.clear()
def start_capture():
global capture
capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc('X', 'V', 'I', 'D')
video_writer = cv2.VideoWriter(r"sample.avi", fourcc, 30.0, (640, 480))
while running:
rect, frame = capture.read()
if rect:
cv2image = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGBA)
videoImg = Image.fromarray(cv2image)
# current_frame = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image = videoImg)
frame_queue.put(videoImg)
video_writer.write(frame)
capture.release()
video_writer.release()
def update_frame():
global after_id
if not frame_queue.empty():
video_label.image_frame = ImageTk.PhotoImage(frame_queue.get_nowait())
video_label.config(image=video_label.image_frame)
after_id = root.after(10, update_frame)
def start_rec():
global running
stop_rec()
running = True
thread = threading.Thread(target=start_capture, daemon=True)
thread.start()
update_frame()
def closeWindow():
stop_rec()
root.destroy()
running = False
after_id = None
frame_queue = Queue()
root = tk.Tk()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closeWindow)
video_label = tk.Label()
video_label.pack(expand=True, fill="both")
tk.Button(text="Start", command=start_rec).pack()
tk.Button(text="stop", command=stop_rec).pack()
root.mainloop()
Quick explanation:
start the record function in a new thread.
Use Queue to store the frames.
Then make use of [widget].after to update the label at regular intervals.
To stop the recording make use of [widget].after_cancel(after_id)(after_id is returned when you use .after method) and set the running variable to False to stop the loop.

Is it possible to provide animation on image ? - Tkinter

I'm developing a GUI in Tkinter and want to apply animation in the below GIF on the image when it appears.
Here is my code,
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
root = Tk()
frame = Frame(root)
frame.pack()
canvas = Canvas(frame, width=300, height=300, bd=0, highlightthickness=0, relief='ridge')
canvas.pack()
background = PhotoImage(file="background.png")
canvas.create_image(300,300,image=background)
my_pic = PhotoImage(file="start000-befored.png")
frame.after(1000, lambda: (canvas.create_image(50,50,image=my_pic, anchor=NW))) #and on this image, I want to give the effect.
root.mainloop()
Instead of clicking on the play button as shown in GIF, the image should automatically appears after 1 second like this animation and stays on screen. (No closing option).

I'm not 100% sure I understood the problem, but I'll describe how to animate an image.
Tkinter does not contain functions for animating images so you'll have to write them yourself. You will have to extract all subimages, subimage duration and then build a sequencer to swap subimages on your display.
Pillow can extract image sequences. WEBP images seems to only support one frame duration whereas GIF images may have different frame duration for each subimage. I will use only the first duration for GIF images even if there is many. Pillow does not support getting frame duration from WEBP images as far as I have seen but you gan read it from the file, see WebP Container Specification.
Example implementation:
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageSequence
import itertools
root = tk.Tk()
display = tk.Label(root)
display.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
filename = 'images/animated-nyan-cat.webp'
pil_image = Image.open(filename)
no_of_frames = pil_image.n_frames
# Get frame duration, assuming all frame durations are the same
duration = pil_image.info.get('duration', None) # None for WEBP
if duration is None:
with open(filename, 'rb') as binfile:
data = binfile.read()
pos = data.find(b'ANMF') # Extract duration for WEBP sequences
duration = int.from_bytes(data[pos+12:pos+15], byteorder='big')
# Create an infinite cycle of PIL ImageTk images for display on label
frame_list = []
for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(pil_image):
cp = frame.copy()
frame_list.append(cp)
tkframe_list = [ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=fr) for fr in frame_list]
tkframe_sequence = itertools.cycle(tkframe_list)
tkframe_iterator = iter(tkframe_list)
def show_animation():
global after_id
after_id = root.after(duration, show_animation)
img = next(tkframe_sequence)
display.config(image=img)
def stop_animation(*event):
root.after_cancel(after_id)
def run_animation_once():
global after_id
after_id = root.after(duration, run_animation_once)
try:
img = next(tkframe_iterator)
except StopIteration:
stop_animation()
else:
display.config(image=img)
root.bind('<space>', stop_animation)
# Now you can run show_animation() or run_animation_once() at your pleasure
root.after(1000, run_animation_once)
root.mainloop()
There are libraries, like imgpy, which supports GIF animation but I have no experience in usig any such library.
Addition
The duration variable sets the animation rate. To slow the rate down just increase the duration.
The simplest way to put the animation on a canvas it simply to put the label on a canvas, see example below:
# Replace this code
root = tk.Tk()
display = tk.Label(root)
display.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
# with this code
root = tk.Tk()
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=500, height=500)
canvas.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
display = tk.Label(canvas)
window = canvas.create_window(250, 250, anchor='center', window=display)
Then you don't have to change anything else in the program.

What's a faster alternative to PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage?

I'm trying to display a video, and using the examples/solutions to the question on how to play a video on Tkinter don't seemt to yeild smooth and fast rendering.
For example:
frame = self.vid_cap.read()
frame = cv2.resize(frame, (696, 486))
frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
self.latest_img_ = Image.fromarray(frame)
self.latest_img_ = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=self.latest_img_)
self.canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor="nw", image=self.latest_img_)
The above code works, but video is too slow, even when using something like self.canvas.after(1, self.video_loop_). After some benchmarking, it turned out that the following line:
self.latest_img_ = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=self.latest_img_)
Takes 9ms ~ 100ms regardless when I run the code on my quad-core mac or 12-core rig, while the entire code above it (from capturing, and until converting the numpy array to an image) takes 0ms to 1ms only.
What could be a faster alternative to ImageTk.PhotoImage?

You should keep a reference of the canvas object and modify it instead of creating new objects every time. To do that you can first create a placeholder by passing image=None. Below is a minimum sample:
import tkinter as tk
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
class GUI(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self)
self.canvas.pack(fill="both", expand=1)
self.streaming_image = self.canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor="nw", image=None)
def show_frame(self):
_, frame = self.vid_cap.read()
frame = cv2.resize(frame, (696, 486))
frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
img = Image.fromarray(frame)
self.latest_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=img)
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.streaming_image, image=self.latest_img)
self.after(10, self.show_frame)
def start_video(self, path=None):
self.vid_cap = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
self.show_frame()
root = GUI()
root.start_video("your_path_here")
root.mainloop()

Cannot move webcam video in between tkinter window

hi i am just trying to keep video frame using webcam in python GUI using tkinter module
how can i move video to down or to some other place in GUI and how to decrease the video show screen size
i am trying to change lmain = tk.Label(master=window) in main function to
lmain = tk.Label(master=window).place(x=500,y=500)
if i do that i am getting the following error
[ WARN:0] global C:\projects\opencv-python\opencv\modules\videoio\src\cap_msmf.cpp (674)
SourceReaderCB::~SourceReaderCB terminating async callback
#This Python program is developed in order to open an internal camera and display the image within Tkinter window.
#importing modules required
from ttk import *
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os
import numpy as np
global last_frame #creating global variable
last_frame = np.zeros((480, 640, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
global cap
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
def show_vid(): #creating a function
if not cap.isOpened(): #checks for the opening of camera
print("cant open the camera")
flag, frame = cap.read()
frame = cv2.flip(frame, 1)
if flag is None:
print("Major error!")
elif flag:
global last_frame
last_frame = frame.copy()
pic = cv2.cvtColor(last_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) #we can change the display color of the frame gray,black&white here
img = Image.fromarray(pic)
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=img)
lmain.imgtk = imgtk
lmain.configure(image=imgtk)
lmain.after(10, show_vid)
if __name__ == '__main__':
window=tk.Tk() #assigning window variable for Tkinter as tk
lmain = tk.Label(master=window)
lmain.grid(column=0, rowspan=4, padx=5, pady=5)
window.title("Sign Language Processor") #you can give any title
window.geometry("1366x768")
show_vid()
window.mainloop() #keeps the application in an infinite loop so it works continuosly
cap.release()

Update label based on facial recognition

I am building a program in python tkinter that will put a label with the name of the person in frame on it. How do I get the name to update?
I tried while True but it didn't work.
import cv2
from time import sleep
import face_recognition as fr
from tkinter import *
def main():
tk = Tk()
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
sleep(1)
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
# frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
cv2.imwrite("temp.jpg", frame)
image = fr.load_image_file("temp.jpg")
#img = __draw_label(frame, "Jack", face_locations[0][:2], (255,0,0))
#cv2.imshow("Hello", img)
v = StringVar()
w = Label(tk, textvariable=v)
w.pack()
if len(fr.face_locations(image)) > 0:
face_encoding = fr.face_encodings(image)[0]
faceid = fr.compare_faces(faces, face_encoding)
if True in faceid:
v.set(names[faceid.index(True)])
else:
v.set("Unknown")
else:
v.set("None")
mainloop()
I expect that when I'm looking at the camera it should read Jack and when I'm not it should say none. Currently if I begin looking at it when it starts it says Jack. And if I do't it says non but it doesn't update. How can I fix this?

Simply use tk.update():
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
…
v = StringVar()
w = Label(tk, textvariable=v)
w.pack()
tk.update() #show potential changes on your window
Hope that helped.