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TypeError when trying to set a DB value

I'm trying to get my Flask server to update to a Mongo Atlas DB on request. When a request is passed with the required arguments, it will post to a Discord webhook then attempt to update DB values.
Example: Going to https://(redacted for privacy)/(redacted for privacy)?iid=123&username=wow&price=22 with JUST the webhook code (doesn't touch DB) will do this:
(sent to discord webhook) and give a success message (outputs as 200 in the console).
But when I enable the DB code, the same link will through a 500 error. Anything I can do? The console outputs as;
balance = mycol.find_one({"UserID": uid})['balance']
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable
I don't understand why this won't work. Here's the code that works, but only posts to the webhook (commented stuff is DB related):
#balance = mycol.find_one({"UserID": uid})['balance']
#res = mycol.find_one({"UserID": uid})
#newvalues = { "$set": { "UserID": uid, "balance": int(balance) + int(cashback_amt)} }
#mycol.update_one(res, newvalues)
img_url = f"https://www.roblox.com/bust-thumbnail/image?userId={uid}&width=420&height=420&format=png"
data = {
"content" : "**New purchase!**",
"username" : "robate"
}
data["embeds"] = [
{
"description" : f"**ItemID**: `{item_id}`\n**Item Price**: `{price}`\n**Item Cashback**: `{cashback_amt}`",
"title" : "New purchase made",
"color": 65311,
"thumbnail": {"url": img_url}
}
]
result = requests.post(purclog, json = data)
return jsonify({"res": True})
And the non-working DB included code:
balance = mycol.find_one({"UserID": uid})['balance']
res = mycol.find_one({"UserID": uid})
newvalues = { "$set": { "UserID": uid, "balance": int(balance) + int(cashback_amt)} }
mycol.update_one(res, newvalues)
img_url = f"https://www.roblox.com/bust-thumbnail/image?userId={uid}&width=420&height=420&format=png"
data = {
"content" : "**New purchase!**",
"username" : "robate"
}
data["embeds"] = [
{
"description" : f"**ItemID**: `{item_id}`\n**Item Price**: `{price}`\n**Item Cashback**: `{cashback_amt}`",
"title" : "New purchase made",
"color": 65311,
"thumbnail": {"url": img_url}
}
]
result = requests.post(purclog, json = data)
return jsonify({"res": True})
Any help is severely appreciated. Have a good day!
EDIT: The UserID is defined here:
try:
uid = requests.get(f"https://api.roblox.com/users/get-by-username?username={username}").json()['Id']
except:
return
balance = mycol.find_one({"UserID": uid})['balance']

Why Dictionary Flag is working biased in python?

Why flagSelectTask is working sometimes and sometimes not?
In the code below, When I type /reminder in chatbot the flag should be set to True and when I open webview it should check the condition and result accordingly. But If I clicks multiple times after closing a webview It returns either if block or else block. Why this is happening?
class Bot:
flagSelectTask = {}
def handleTextMessage(self,recipientID,messagingEvent):
if textMessage.lower() == '/reminder':
Bot.flagSelectTask[recipientID] = True # Select Task Webview Access Permission Granted
return self.selectTaskWebView(recipientID)
def selectTaskWebView(self,assignerID):
messageData = {
"recipient":{
"id":assignerID
},
"message": {
"attachment": {
"type": "template",
"payload": {
"template_type": "generic",
"elements": [
{
"title": "Please Select a Task",
"buttons": [
{
"type": "web_url",
"title": "Select",
"url": f"url.com/select-task/{assignerID}",
"webview_height_ratio": "tall",
"messenger_extensions": "true",
},
],
},
],
},
}}}
return self.sendAPI(messageData)
bot = Bot()
#app.route('/select-task/<string:assignerID>',methods=['GET'])
def selectTaskView(assignerID):
if (assignerID in bot.flagSelectTask) and (bot.flagSelectTask[assignerID]):
Task = bot.loadTasks(assignerID)
log(Task)
if len(Task)!=0:
return render_template('tasks.html',tasks=Task)
else:
return '<b>You have not assigned any task yet</b>'
else:
return '<h1> Thank You. Please Restart If you want to send a reminder again.</h1>'

Is there a way to add entries to a dictionary in a list in json?

Is there a way to add entries to a dictionary in a list in json? (P.S. I'm not even sure if that's how I'm supposed to phrase the question)
base_server_datas = {
'users': {},
}
#commands.command()
#commands.has_any_role(*MODERATORS, *ADMINISTRATORS)
async def create(self, ctx, *args: str):
faction = load_faction()
message = " ".join(args).lower()
new_faction = message
if new_faction not in faction:
faction[new_faction] = base_server_datas.copy()
save_faction(faction)
await ctx.send(f'**{new_faction}** cult created!')
else:
await ctx.send(f"{new_faction} cult already exists")
#commands.command(case_insensitive=True)
async def join(self, ctx, *args: str):
faction = load_faction()
new_user = str(ctx.author.id)
message = " ".join(args).lower()
existing_faction = message
if existing_faction in faction:
if new_user not in faction[existing_faction]["users"]:
faction[existing_faction]["users"][new_user] = ctx.author.name
save_faction(faction)
await ctx.send(f"{ctx.author.mention} joined the **{message}** cult")
else:
await ctx.send(f"{ctx.author.mention} is already in the cult")
else:
await ctx.send("faction doesn\'t exist")
so using this code I can create a faction and can join it as well, it looks something like this:
{
"h": {
"users": {
"535485026905882626": "Benji",
"702646374155419648": "rosesaredumb",
"578938036960624660": "invalid-user",
"360366991149891585": "Goodra999"
}
}
}
but I made another title "leaders" and tried adding entries under it, but it doesn't work
It looks something like this
{
"h": [
{
"users": {}
},
{
"leaders": {}
}
]
}
the code for this part is
base_server_datas2 = {
'leaders': {},
}
#commands.command()
async def leader(self,ctx, member: discord.Member, *args: str):
faction = load_faction()
new_user = str(member.id)
message = " ".join(args).lower()
existing_faction = message
if existing_faction in faction:
if new_user not in faction[existing_faction]["leaders"]:
faction[existing_faction]["leaders"][new_user] = member.name
save_faction(faction)
await ctx.send(f"{ctx.author.mention} joined the **{message}** cult")
else:
await ctx.send(f"{ctx.author.mention} is already in the cult")
else:
await ctx.send("faction doesn\'t exist")
On adding the "leaders" title, now I can't even update the "users" dictionary
Is there any way I can add entries to both the dictionaries?
edit: this is the output I want
{
"h": [
{
"users": {
"702646374155419648": "rosesaredumb",
"578938036960624660": "invalid-user"
}
},
{
"leaders": {
"57893803696076560": "josh"
}
}
]
}

first convert the dictionary d["h"] to a list including the current value and add the required leader's dictionary to the list:
di = {
"h": {
"users": {
"535485026905882626": "Benji",
"702646374155419648": "rosesaredumb",
"578938036960624660": "invalid-user",
"360366991149891585": "Goodra999"
}
}
}
to_add = {
"leaders": {
"57893803696076560": "josh"
}
}
di["h"] = [di["h"], to_add]
print(di)
# Output:
# {
# 'h': [
# {
# 'users': {
# '535485026905882626': 'Benji',
# '702646374155419648': 'rosesaredumb',
# '578938036960624660': 'invalid-user',
# '360366991149891585': 'Goodra999'
# }
# },
# {
# 'leaders': {
# '57893803696076560': 'josh'
# }
# }
# ]
# }

Adding session attributes in Python for Alexa skills

I have 3 slots (account, dollar_value, recipient_first) within my intent schema for an Alexa skill and I want to save whatever slots are provided by the speaker in the session Attributes.
I am using the following methods to set session attributes:
def create_dollar_value_attribute(dollar_value):
return {"dollar_value": dollar_value}
def create_account_attribute(account):
return {"account": account}
def create_recipient_first_attribute(recipient_first):
return {"recipient_first": recipient_first}
However, as you may guess, if I want to save more than one slot as data in sessionAttributes, the sessionAttributes is overwritten as in the following case:
session_attributes = {}
if session.get('attributes', {}) and "recipient_first" not in session.get('attributes', {}):
recipient_first = intent['slots']['recipient_first']['value']
session_attributes = create_recipient_first_attribute(recipient_first)
if session.get('attributes', {}) and "dollar_value" not in session.get('attributes', {}):
dollar_value = intent['slots']['dollar_value']['value']
session_attributes = create_dollar_value_attribute(dollar_value)
The JSON response from my lambda function for a speech input in which two slots (dollar_value and recipient_first) were provided is as follows (my guess is that the create_dollar_value_attribute method in the second if statement is overwriting the first):
{
"version": "1.0",
"response": {
"outputSpeech": {
"type": "PlainText",
"text": "Some text output"
},
"card": {
"content": "SessionSpeechlet - Some text output",
"title": "SessionSpeechlet - Send Money",
"type": "Simple"
},
"reprompt": {
"outputSpeech": {
"type": "PlainText"
}
},
"shouldEndSession": false
},
"sessionAttributes": {
"dollar_value": "30"
}
}
The correct response for sessionAttributes should be:
"sessionAttributes": {
"dollar_value": "30",
"recipient_first": "Some Name"
},
How do I create this response? Is there a better way to add values to sessionAttributes in the JSON response?

The easiest way to add sessionAttributes with Python in my opinion seems to be by using a dictionary. For example, if you want to store some of the slots for future in the session attributes:
session['attributes']['slotKey'] = intent['slots']['slotKey']['value']
Next, you can just pass it on to the build response method:
buildResponse(session['attributes'], buildSpeechletResponse(title, output, reprompt, should_end_session))
The implementation in this case:
def buildSpeechletResponse(title, output, reprompt_text, should_end_session):
return {
'outputSpeech': {
'type': 'PlainText',
'text': output
},
'card': {
'type': 'Simple',
'title': "SessionSpeechlet - " + title,
'content': "SessionSpeechlet - " + output
},
'reprompt': {
'outputSpeech': {
'type': 'PlainText',
'text': reprompt_text
}
},
'shouldEndSession': should_end_session
}
def buildResponse(session_attributes, speechlet_response):
return {
'version': '1.0',
'sessionAttributes': session_attributes,
'response': speechlet_response
}
This creates the sessionAttributes in the recommended way in the Lambda response JSON.
Also just adding a new sessionAttribute doesn't overwrite the last one if it doesn't exist. It will just create a new key-value pair.
Do note, that this may work well in the service simulator but may return a key attribute error when testing on an actual Amazon Echo. According to this post,
On Service Simulator, sessions starts with Session:{ ... Attributes:{}, ... }
When sessions start on the Echo, Session does not have an Attributes key at all.
The way I worked around this was to just manually create it in the lambda handler whenever a new session is created:
if event['session']['new']:
event['session']['attributes'] = {}
onSessionStarted( {'requestId': event['request']['requestId'] }, event['session'])
if event['request']['type'] == 'IntentRequest':
return onIntent(event['request'], event['session'])

First, you have to define the session_attributes.
session_attributes = {}
Then instead of using
session_attributes = create_recipient_first_attribute(recipient_first)
You should use
session_attributes.update(create_recipient_first_attribute(recipient_first)).
The problem you are facing is because you are reassigning the session_attributes. Instead of this, you should just update the session_attributes.
So your final code will become:
session_attributes = {}
if session.get('attributes', {}) and "recipient_first" not in session.get('attributes', {}):
recipient_first = intent['slots']['recipient_first']['value']
session_attributes.update(create_recipient_first_attribute(recipient_first))
if session.get('attributes', {}) and "dollar_value" not in session.get('attributes', {}):
dollar_value = intent['slots']['dollar_value']['value']
session_attributes.update(create_dollar_value_attribute(dollar_value))

The ASK SDK for Python provides an attribute manager, to manage request/session/persistence level attributes in the skill. You can look at the color picker sample, to see how to use these attributes in skill development.

Take a look at the below:
account = intent['slots']['account']['value']
dollar_value = intent['slots']['dollar_value']['value']
recipient_first = intent['slots']['recipient_first']['value']
# put your data in a dictionary
attributes = {
'account':account,
'dollar_value':dollar_value,
'recipient_first':recipient_first
}
Put the attributes dictionary in 'sessionAttributes' in your response. You should get it back in 'sessionAttributes' once Alexa replies to you.
Hope this helps.

The following code snippet will also prevent overwriting the session attributes:
session_attributes = session.get('attributes', {})
if "recipient_first" not in session_attributes:
session_attributes['recipient_first'] = intent['slots']['recipient_first']['value']
if "dollar_value" not in session_attributes:
session_attributes['dollar_value'] = = intent['slots']['dollar_value']['value']

Why is code not executing after response received

I'm running the code below and it takes the user to PayPal to make a payment and then returns them to the return_url as expected. However the code doesn't execute any further and it doesn't execute the payment.
I have based my code on https://github.com/paypal/rest-api-sdk-python:
class PayPalHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
paypal.configure({
"mode": PAYPAL_MODE,
"client_id": PAYPAL_CLIENT_ID,
"client_secret": PAYPAL_CLIENT_SECRET})
payment = paypal.Payment({
"intent": "sale",
"payer": {
"payment_method": "paypal" },
"redirect_urls": {
"return_url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/ty",
"cancel_url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/" },
"transactions": [ {
"item_list": {
"items": [{
"name": "membership",
"price": "2.00",
"currency": "GBP",
"quantity": 1 }]},
"amount": {
"total": "2.00",
"currency": "GBP" },
"description": "One of membership fee." } ] } )
redirect_url = ""
if payment.create():
print("Payment[%s] created successfully"%(payment.id))
for link in payment.links:
if link.method == "REDIRECT":
redirect_url = link.href
print("Redirect for approval: %s"%(redirect_url))
return self.redirect(redirect_url)
else:
print("Error while creating payment.")
print(payment.error)
response = payment.to_dict()
print response
payment = paypal.Payment.find(payment.id)
if payment.execute({"payer_id": response['payer_id']}):
print ("Payment executed successfully")
else:
print(payment.error) # Error Hash
print payment.to_dict()
print userData
So in the example at https://devtools-paypal.com/guide/pay_paypal/python?success=true&token=EC-8JL96732FP068791F&PayerID=QQGSRNHDACTLJ. Step 5 is not happening and no response is sent from PayPal?

This is Avi from PayPal here. I am not super familiar with Tornado, but after the line return self.redirect(redirect_url) happens in your code, and returns the user to the return_url, in payment.execute({"payer_id": response['payer_id']}) are you getting the payer_id correctly? Payer_id is returned appended to the return_url as one of the parameters in the format http://<return_url>?token=EC-60U79048BN7719609&PayerID=7E7MGXCWTTKK2. Also, what is the status of the payment after you execute payment = paypal.Payment.find(payment.id). The other suggestion I would have is to see if print payment.error prints a useful debug message and a debug_id which paypal merchant technical services can use to look at the issue.

You need other url where papypal redirects when the payment had been successful, where you will receive the token and the PayerID. In that GET method, you can put this part of the code (pseudocode):
payerid_param = request.get('PayerID')
payment = paypal.Payment.find(db_payment.id)
if payment.execute({"payer_id": payerid_param}):
print ("Payment executed successfully")
else:
print(payment.error) # Error Hash
You will need to save the payment_id between calls.

Why you use
return self.redirect(redirect_url)
I think you can use just
self.redirect(redirect_url)
I've never seen return statement in Tornado handlers.