How many "premium" hours between datetimes? - python

This is part of a bigger problem we're facing but the problem at the moment is splitting time between two datetimes into two rates based on when those hours are in the day. It's quite arbitrary but we treat 7am-7pm as normal hours and the opposite 12 hours as premium.
So for any given pair of datetimes, we need to grade these down so that we know how many normal hours, or how many premium hours there were in that period. A couple of examples:
If we took the next 24 hours, I'd expect an exact split of 12 hours.
> start = datetime.datetime.now()
> end = start + datetime.timedelta(1)
> split_hours(start, end)
(datetime.timedelta(0, 43200), datetime.timedelta(0, 43200))
If we took the next 12 hours, at 20:26, I'd expect 1h26 normal and 10h34m premium rate:
> start = datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 6, 20, 26, 0)
> end = start + datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
> split_hours(start, end)
(datetime.timedelta(0, 5160), datetime.timedelta(0, 38040))
"How do I do that?" is my question. Sorry. I've been thinking through this most of the day but only ever got as far as the following napkin algorithm:
Split range into distinct-date datetime ranges (how?!) and for each:
Count hours before 7am and after 7pm as premium
Count hours between 7am and 7pm
Total them up.
But even there I don't know how to split things up.
There is also a natural extension —that I'll almost certainly have to implement at some point— that also grades weekend hours as premium too. If I could split time (as in my napkin algorithm) it would be easy to tack on but I still don't like how clumsy that "code" is). If your answer covers that too, you can have my firstborn. Well, no, you can have a bounty or something.
I'm doing this in Python without any real library limits (if eg Pandas Just Does™ this) but if you want to submit a raw C or Pseudo code answer, I'm sure I'll be able to read it.

We could:
generate a range of datetime between start and end
loop that range and calculate normal seconds (the length - normal = premium)
Here is the code:
import datetime
def split_hours(start, end):
# Total seconds
length = int((end-start).total_seconds())
# Generator with datetime objects
s = (start + datetime.timedelta(seconds=i) for i in range(length))
# Calculate normal and premium
# normal when hour > 7 AM, smaller than 7 PM and weekday not sat,sun
normal = sum(7 <= i.hour < 19 and i.weekday() not in [5,6] for i in s)
premium = length - normal
d = dict(normal=normal,
premium=premium,
total=dict(h=length/3600,m=length/60,s=length))
return d
And now we can do some tests:
start = datetime.datetime.now()
end1 = start + datetime.timedelta(hours=12)
end2 = start + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
end3 = start + datetime.timedelta(days=24)
print(split_hours(start,end1))
print(split_hours(start,end2))
print(split_hours(start,end3))
Returns:
# 12 hours
{'total': {'h': 12.0, 's': 43200, 'm': 720.0}, 'premium': 26131, 'normal': 17069}
# 1 days / 24 hours
{'total': {'h': 24.0, 's': 86400, 'm': 1440.0}, 'premium': 43200, 'normal': 43200}
# 7 days
{'total': {'h': 168.0, 's': 604800, 'm': 10080.0}, 'premium': 388800, 'normal': 216000}

That would be my approach:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def is_premium_time_period(start_time, end_time):
start_time = datetime.strptime(start_time, "%d-%m-%Y %H:%M")
end_time = datetime.strptime(end_time, "%d-%m-%Y %H:%M")
seconds = (end_time - start_time).total_seconds()
minutes = int(seconds / 60)
premium_minutes = 0
regular_minutes = 0
for minute in range(minutes):
premium_start = datetime.strptime("19:00 {}".format(start_time.date()), "%H:%M %Y-%m-%d")
premium_end = premium_start + timedelta(hours=12)
previous_start = premium_start - timedelta(hours=24)
previous_end = previous_start + timedelta(hours=12)
if premium_start <= start_time < premium_end or previous_start <= start_time < previous_end:
premium_minutes += 1
else:
regular_minutes += 1
start_time += timedelta(minutes=1)
_premium_hours = premium_minutes / 60
_regular_hours = regular_minutes / 60
return _premium_hours, _regular_hours
datetime_01 = "06-11-2017 14:17"
datetime_02 = "06-11-2017 19:20"
datetime_03 = "05-11-2017 02:39"
datetime_04 = "11-11-2017 08:39"
print(is_premium_time_period(datetime_01, datetime_02))
print(is_premium_time_period(datetime_03, datetime_04))
EDIT: I'm sorry, I forgot to post what it returns:
It returns:
(0.3333333333333333, 4.716666666666667)
(76.35, 73.65)
Meaning (premium_hours, regular_hours)

Related

Add hours to workday in python

I need the following script to compute the working hours from 9 am to 6 pm, so that if I add 5 hours it will be added from 9 am the next day.
Example: if it is now 5 pm and I add 5 hours and the working day ends at 6 pm, the output would be: 13 hours.
17 + 1 = 18 and
9 + 4 = 13 hs
So far the script computes hours regardless of the labor restriction.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
updated = ( datetime.now() +
timedelta( hours = 5 )).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
print( updated )
--22:12:00
Here you are:
workday_begin = time(9)
workday_end = time(18)
# compute workday length
workday_hours = datetime.combine(date.today(), workday_end) - datetime.combine(date.today(), workday_begin)
# this is timedelta from your example
duration_hours = timedelta(hours=17)
# ignore times longer than a workday
day_cnt = 0 # this could be used to know how many day we've skipped, not part of question tho
while duration_hours > workday_hours:
day_cnt += 1
duration_hours -= workday_hours
now = datetime.now()
# now = datetime(2021,12,10,11,25,16)
if workday_begin < now.time() < workday_end:
# now is in work-hours
if datetime.combine(date.today(), workday_end) - now < duration_hours:
# duration would exceed work-hours, jumping to next day
day_cnt += 1
duration_hours -= (datetime.combine(date.today(), workday_end) - now)
updated = datetime.combine(date.today(), workday_begin) + duration_hours
else:
# everything is fine, just add hours
updated = now + duration_hours
else:
# now is not in work-hours. Add remaining duration to workday begin
updated = datetime.combine(date.today(), workday_begin) + duration_hours
# keep just a time part
updated = updated.time().strftime('%H:%M:%S')
print( updated )
I hope I understood your question.

How to find number of Mondays or any other weekday between two dates in Python?

I have two dates between which I need to find out how many Mon- Fri are coming(except for Sta, Sun), everyday should be counted
Currently I am thinking this:
import calendar
import datetime
start_date = datetime.datetime.strptime("01/01/2017",'%d/%m/%Y')
end_date = datetime.datetime.strptime("31/01/2017",'%d/%m/%Y')
week_arr = [0] * 7
calendar.day_name[start_date.weekday()] ## will give me name of day
"""
As I receive Monday I will increment week_arr[0] by 1, Tuesday
week_arr[1]+= 1,
"""
I am not getting how to do it effectively so that I dont use much line of code(less if -else and for loops), may be some tricks in pandas.
You can define a function and use it like this :
def num_days_between( start, end, week_day):
num_weeks, remainder = divmod( (end-start).days, 7)
if ( week_day - start.weekday() ) % 7 < remainder:
return num_weeks + 1
else:
return num_weeks
where week_day is day number you wan to calculate count.
This code still uses a for loop and an if/else.
import datetime
import calendar
def weekday_count(start, end):
start_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(start, '%d/%m/%Y')
end_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(end, '%d/%m/%Y')
week = {}
for i in range((end_date - start_date).days):
day = calendar.day_name[(start_date + datetime.timedelta(days=i+1)).weekday()]
week[day] = week[day] + 1 if day in week else 1
return week
print(weekday_count("01/01/2017", "31/01/2017"))
# prints result
# {'Monday': 5, 'Tuesday': 5, 'Friday': 4, 'Wednesday': 4, 'Thursday': 4, 'Sunday': 5, 'Saturday': 4}
Number of Mondays in 2020 can be got using numpy library
import numpy as np
np.busday_count('2020', '2021', weekmask='Mon')
This is efficient - even in the face of ten thousands of days between start and end - and still very flexible (it iterates at most 7 times inside the sum function):
def intervening_weekdays(start, end, inclusive=True, weekdays=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]):
if isinstance(start, datetime.datetime):
start = start.date() # make a date from a datetime
if isinstance(end, datetime.datetime):
end = end.date() # make a date from a datetime
if end < start:
# you can opt to return 0 or swap the dates around instead
raise ValueError("start date must be before end date")
if inclusive:
end += datetime.timedelta(days=1) # correct for inclusivity
try:
# collapse duplicate weekdays
weekdays = {weekday % 7 for weekday in weekdays}
except TypeError:
weekdays = [weekdays % 7]
ref = datetime.date.today() # choose a reference date
ref -= datetime.timedelta(days=ref.weekday()) # and normalize its weekday
# sum up all selected weekdays (max 7 iterations)
return sum((ref_plus - start).days // 7 - (ref_plus - end).days // 7
for ref_plus in
(ref + datetime.timedelta(days=weekday) for weekday in weekdays))
This takes both datetime.date as well as datetime.datetime objects for start and end, respectively.
Also, you can choose between a closed (inclusive=True) and a half-open (inclusive=False) interval.
By default, it calculates the number of workdays between the dates, but you can choose any set of weekdays (weekend days: weekdays=[5, 6]) or single weekdays (Wednesdays: weekdays=2) as well.
If anyone need an even simpler answer,
from datetime import date
d1 = date(2017, 1, 4)
d2 = date(2017, 1, 31)
count = 0
for d_ord in range(d1.toordinal(), d2.toordinal()):
d = date.fromordinal(d_ord)
if (d.weekday() == 4):
count += 1
print(count)
I found a simple and easy to understand code using for loop.
Take first date identify its weekday with "%a" compare it with your intrested weekday if found increment a count value. and repeat the steps till your last day.
Code is as below for your refrence i took monday as my intrested weekdays.
import datetime
A1=datetime.datetime.strptime("1/23/2016", "%m/%d/%Y")
A2=datetime.datetime.strptime("11/10/2016", "%m/%d/%Y")
count=0
week="Mon"
for i in range ((A2-A1).days): #gives the no of days from A1 to A2
if A1.strftime("%a")==week:
count+=1
A1+=datetime.timedelta(days=1)
print(count)
https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_datetime.asp

Python and check if current datetime is in specific range

I am trying to do something similar to this, but i want to specify the start date and end date by actual weekday names and times. For example, I want to check if the current datetime (datetime.datetime.now()) is in between Tuesday at 4:30pm and Thursday at 11:45am. This would update weekly so it has to be by Tuesday/Thursday mentality.
I have thought about how to do the weekdays (but i don't know how to wrap the time part into it):
TimeNow = datetime.datetime.now()
if TimeNow.weekday() >= 1 and TimeNow.weekday() <= 3:
#runcodehere
Any thoughts on how i would do this?
Neatest way is to use the amount of minutes elapsed in a week:
def mins_in_week(day, hour, minute):
return day * 24 * 60 + hour * 60 + minute
if (mins_in_week(1, 16, 30) <
mins_in_week(TimeNow.weekday(), TimeNow.hour, TimeNow.minute) <
mins_in_week(3, 11, 45)):
....
It's not very neat but something like this should work:
TimeNow = datetime.datetime.now()
if (TimeNow.weekday() == 1 and ((TimeNow.hour() == 4 and TimeNow.minute >= 30) or TimeNow.hour > 4)) or (TimeNow.weekday() == 2) or (TimeNow.weekday() == 3 and (TimeNow.hour() < 11 or (TimeNow.hour() == 11 and TimeNow.minute <= 45)):
#runcodehere
You can use a combination of and and or, and have different conditions for each day:
import datetime
TimeNow = datetime.datetime.now()
day_now = TimeNow.weekday()
time_now = TimeNow.hour*60 + TimeNow.minute
if (day_now == 1 and time_now > 990) or (day_now == 2) or (day_now == 3 and time_now < 705):
# do something

Formatting python timedelta result [duplicate]

I'm having trouble formatting a datetime.timedelta object.
Here's what I'm trying to do:
I have a list of objects and one of the members of the class of the object is a timedelta object that shows the duration of an event. I would like to display that duration in the format of hours:minutes.
I have tried a variety of methods for doing this and I'm having difficulty. My current approach is to add methods to the class for my objects that return hours and minutes. I can get the hours by dividing the timedelta.seconds by 3600 and rounding it. I'm having trouble with getting the remainder seconds and converting that to minutes.
By the way, I'm using Google AppEngine with Django Templates for presentation.
You can just convert the timedelta to a string with str(). Here's an example:
import datetime
start = datetime.datetime(2009,2,10,14,00)
end = datetime.datetime(2009,2,10,16,00)
delta = end-start
print(str(delta))
# prints 2:00:00
As you know, you can get the total_seconds from a timedelta object by accessing the .seconds attribute.
Python provides the builtin function divmod() which allows for:
s = 13420
hours, remainder = divmod(s, 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
print('{:02}:{:02}:{:02}'.format(int(hours), int(minutes), int(seconds)))
# result: 03:43:40
or you can convert to hours and remainder by using a combination of modulo and subtraction:
# arbitrary number of seconds
s = 13420
# hours
hours = s // 3600
# remaining seconds
s = s - (hours * 3600)
# minutes
minutes = s // 60
# remaining seconds
seconds = s - (minutes * 60)
# total time
print('{:02}:{:02}:{:02}'.format(int(hours), int(minutes), int(seconds)))
# result: 03:43:40
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(hours=10.56))
10:33:36
>>> td = datetime.timedelta(hours=10.505) # any timedelta object
>>> ':'.join(str(td).split(':')[:2])
10:30
Passing the timedelta object to the str() function calls the same formatting code used if we simply type print td. Since you don't want the seconds, we can split the string by colons (3 parts) and put it back together with only the first 2 parts.
def td_format(td_object):
seconds = int(td_object.total_seconds())
periods = [
('year', 60*60*24*365),
('month', 60*60*24*30),
('day', 60*60*24),
('hour', 60*60),
('minute', 60),
('second', 1)
]
strings=[]
for period_name, period_seconds in periods:
if seconds > period_seconds:
period_value , seconds = divmod(seconds, period_seconds)
has_s = 's' if period_value > 1 else ''
strings.append("%s %s%s" % (period_value, period_name, has_s))
return ", ".join(strings)
I personally use the humanize library for this:
>>> import datetime
>>> humanize.naturalday(datetime.datetime.now())
'today'
>>> humanize.naturalday(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
'yesterday'
>>> humanize.naturalday(datetime.date(2007, 6, 5))
'Jun 05'
>>> humanize.naturaldate(datetime.date(2007, 6, 5))
'Jun 05 2007'
>>> humanize.naturaltime(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=1))
'a second ago'
>>> humanize.naturaltime(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=3600))
'an hour ago'
Of course, it doesn't give you exactly the answer you were looking for (which is, indeed, str(timeA - timeB), but I have found that once you go beyond a few hours, the display becomes quickly unreadable. humanize has support for much larger values that are human-readable, and is also well localized.
It's inspired by Django's contrib.humanize module, apparently, so since you are using Django, you should probably use that.
He already has a timedelta object so why not use its built-in method total_seconds() to convert it to seconds, then use divmod() to get hours and minutes?
hours, remainder = divmod(myTimeDelta.total_seconds(), 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
# Formatted only for hours and minutes as requested
print '%s:%s' % (hours, minutes)
This works regardless if the time delta has even days or years.
Here is a general purpose function for converting either a timedelta object or a regular number (in the form of seconds or minutes, etc.) to a nicely formatted string. I took mpounsett's fantastic answer on a duplicate question, made it a bit more flexible, improved readibility, and added documentation.
You will find that it is the most flexible answer here so far since it allows you to:
Customize the string format on the fly instead of it being hard-coded.
Leave out certain time intervals without a problem (see examples below).
Function:
from string import Formatter
from datetime import timedelta
def strfdelta(tdelta, fmt='{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02}s', inputtype='timedelta'):
"""Convert a datetime.timedelta object or a regular number to a custom-
formatted string, just like the stftime() method does for datetime.datetime
objects.
The fmt argument allows custom formatting to be specified. Fields can
include seconds, minutes, hours, days, and weeks. Each field is optional.
Some examples:
'{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02}s' --> '05d 08h 04m 02s' (default)
'{W}w {D}d {H}:{M:02}:{S:02}' --> '4w 5d 8:04:02'
'{D:2}d {H:2}:{M:02}:{S:02}' --> ' 5d 8:04:02'
'{H}h {S}s' --> '72h 800s'
The inputtype argument allows tdelta to be a regular number instead of the
default, which is a datetime.timedelta object. Valid inputtype strings:
's', 'seconds',
'm', 'minutes',
'h', 'hours',
'd', 'days',
'w', 'weeks'
"""
# Convert tdelta to integer seconds.
if inputtype == 'timedelta':
remainder = int(tdelta.total_seconds())
elif inputtype in ['s', 'seconds']:
remainder = int(tdelta)
elif inputtype in ['m', 'minutes']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*60
elif inputtype in ['h', 'hours']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*3600
elif inputtype in ['d', 'days']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*86400
elif inputtype in ['w', 'weeks']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*604800
f = Formatter()
desired_fields = [field_tuple[1] for field_tuple in f.parse(fmt)]
possible_fields = ('W', 'D', 'H', 'M', 'S')
constants = {'W': 604800, 'D': 86400, 'H': 3600, 'M': 60, 'S': 1}
values = {}
for field in possible_fields:
if field in desired_fields and field in constants:
values[field], remainder = divmod(remainder, constants[field])
return f.format(fmt, **values)
Demo:
>>> td = timedelta(days=2, hours=3, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=340)
>>> print strfdelta(td)
02d 03h 05m 08s
>>> print strfdelta(td, '{D}d {H}:{M:02}:{S:02}')
2d 3:05:08
>>> print strfdelta(td, '{D:2}d {H:2}:{M:02}:{S:02}')
2d 3:05:08
>>> print strfdelta(td, '{H}h {S}s')
51h 308s
>>> print strfdelta(12304, inputtype='s')
00d 03h 25m 04s
>>> print strfdelta(620, '{H}:{M:02}', 'm')
10:20
>>> print strfdelta(49, '{D}d {H}h', 'h')
2d 1h
I know that this is an old answered question, but I use datetime.utcfromtimestamp() for this. It takes the number of seconds and returns a datetime that can be formatted like any other datetime.
duration = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(end - begin)
print duration.strftime('%H:%M')
As long as you stay in the legal ranges for the time parts this should work, i.e. it doesn't return 1234:35 as hours are <= 23.
maybe:
>>> import datetime
>>> dt0 = datetime.datetime(1,1,1)
>>> td = datetime.timedelta(minutes=34, hours=12, seconds=56)
>>> (dt0+td).strftime('%X')
'12:34:56'
>>> (dt0+td).strftime('%M:%S')
'34:56'
>>> (dt0+td).strftime('%H:%M')
'12:34'
>>>
I would seriously consider the Occam's Razor approach here:
td = str(timedelta).split('.')[0]
This returns a string without the microseconds
If you want to regenerate the datetime.timedelta object, just do this:
h,m,s = re.split(':', td)
new_delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=int(h),minutes=int(m),seconds=int(s))
2 years in, I love this language!
I used the humanfriendly python library to do this, it works very well.
import humanfriendly
from datetime import timedelta
delta = timedelta(seconds = 321)
humanfriendly.format_timespan(delta)
'5 minutes and 21 seconds'
Available at https://pypi.org/project/humanfriendly/
Questioner wants a nicer format than the typical:
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.timedelta(seconds=41000)
datetime.timedelta(0, 41000)
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=41000))
'11:23:20'
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=4102.33))
'1:08:22.330000'
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=413302.33))
'4 days, 18:48:22.330000'
So, really there's two formats, one where days are 0 and it's left out, and another where there's text "n days, h:m:s". But, the seconds may have fractions, and there's no leading zeroes in the printouts, so columns are messy.
Here's my routine, if you like it:
def printNiceTimeDelta(stime, etime):
delay = datetime.timedelta(seconds=(etime - stime))
if (delay.days > 0):
out = str(delay).replace(" days, ", ":")
else:
out = "0:" + str(delay)
outAr = out.split(':')
outAr = ["%02d" % (int(float(x))) for x in outAr]
out = ":".join(outAr)
return out
this returns output as dd:hh:mm:ss format:
00:00:00:15
00:00:00:19
02:01:31:40
02:01:32:22
I did think about adding years to this, but this is left as an exercise for the reader, since the output is safe at over 1 year:
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=99999999))
'1157 days, 9:46:39'
My datetime.timedelta objects went greater than a day. So here is a further problem. All the discussion above assumes less than a day. A timedelta is actually a tuple of days, seconds and microseconds. The above discussion should use td.seconds as joe did, but if you have days it is NOT included in the seconds value.
I am getting a span of time between 2 datetimes and printing days and hours.
span = currentdt - previousdt
print '%d,%d\n' % (span.days,span.seconds/3600)
I have a function:
def period(delta, pattern):
d = {'d': delta.days}
d['h'], rem = divmod(delta.seconds, 3600)
d['m'], d['s'] = divmod(rem, 60)
return pattern.format(**d)
Examples:
>>> td = timedelta(seconds=123456789)
>>> period(td, "{d} days {h}:{m}:{s}")
'1428 days 21:33:9'
>>> period(td, "{h} hours, {m} minutes and {s} seconds, {d} days")
'21 hours, 33 minutes and 9 seconds, 1428 days'
Following Joe's example value above, I'd use the modulus arithmetic operator, thusly:
td = datetime.timedelta(hours=10.56)
td_str = "%d:%d" % (td.seconds/3600, td.seconds%3600/60)
Note that integer division in Python rounds down by default; if you want to be more explicit, use math.floor() or math.ceil() as appropriate.
One liner. Since timedeltas do not offer datetime's strftime, bring the timedelta back to a datetime, and use stftime.
This can not only achieve the OP's requested format Hours:Minutes, now you can leverage the full formatting power of datetime's strftime, should your requirements change to another representation.
import datetime
td = datetime.timedelta(hours=2, minutes=10, seconds=5)
print(td)
print(datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.strptime(str(td), "%H:%M:%S"), "%H:%M"))
Output:
2:10:05
02:10
This also solves the annoyance that timedeltas are formatted into strings as H:MM:SS rather than HH:MM:SS, which lead me to this problem, and the solution I've shared.
import datetime
hours = datetime.timedelta(hours=16, minutes=30)
print((datetime.datetime(1,1,1) + hours).strftime('%H:%M'))
def seconds_to_time_left_string(total_seconds):
s = int(total_seconds)
years = s // 31104000
if years > 1:
return '%d years' % years
s = s - (years * 31104000)
months = s // 2592000
if years == 1:
r = 'one year'
if months > 0:
r += ' and %d months' % months
return r
if months > 1:
return '%d months' % months
s = s - (months * 2592000)
days = s // 86400
if months == 1:
r = 'one month'
if days > 0:
r += ' and %d days' % days
return r
if days > 1:
return '%d days' % days
s = s - (days * 86400)
hours = s // 3600
if days == 1:
r = 'one day'
if hours > 0:
r += ' and %d hours' % hours
return r
s = s - (hours * 3600)
minutes = s // 60
seconds = s - (minutes * 60)
if hours >= 6:
return '%d hours' % hours
if hours >= 1:
r = '%d hours' % hours
if hours == 1:
r = 'one hour'
if minutes > 0:
r += ' and %d minutes' % minutes
return r
if minutes == 1:
r = 'one minute'
if seconds > 0:
r += ' and %d seconds' % seconds
return r
if minutes == 0:
return '%d seconds' % seconds
if seconds == 0:
return '%d minutes' % minutes
return '%d minutes and %d seconds' % (minutes, seconds)
for i in range(10):
print pow(8, i), seconds_to_time_left_string(pow(8, i))
Output:
1 1 seconds
8 8 seconds
64 one minute and 4 seconds
512 8 minutes and 32 seconds
4096 one hour and 8 minutes
32768 9 hours
262144 3 days
2097152 24 days
16777216 6 months
134217728 4 years
I had a similar problem with the output of overtime calculation at work. The value should always show up in HH:MM, even when it is greater than one day and the value can get negative. I combined some of the shown solutions and maybe someone else find this solution useful. I realized that if the timedelta value is negative most of the shown solutions with the divmod method doesn't work out of the box:
def td2HHMMstr(td):
'''Convert timedelta objects to a HH:MM string with (+/-) sign'''
if td < datetime.timedelta(seconds=0):
sign='-'
td = -td
else:
sign = ''
tdhours, rem = divmod(td.total_seconds(), 3600)
tdminutes, rem = divmod(rem, 60)
tdstr = '{}{:}:{:02d}'.format(sign, int(tdhours), int(tdminutes))
return tdstr
timedelta to HH:MM string:
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(hours=1, minutes=45))
'1:54'
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(days=2, hours=3, minutes=2))
'51:02'
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(hours=-3, minutes=-2))
'-3:02'
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(days=-35, hours=-3, minutes=-2))
'-843:02'
from django.utils.translation import ngettext
def localize_timedelta(delta):
ret = []
num_years = int(delta.days / 365)
if num_years > 0:
delta -= timedelta(days=num_years * 365)
ret.append(ngettext('%d year', '%d years', num_years) % num_years)
if delta.days > 0:
ret.append(ngettext('%d day', '%d days', delta.days) % delta.days)
num_hours = int(delta.seconds / 3600)
if num_hours > 0:
delta -= timedelta(hours=num_hours)
ret.append(ngettext('%d hour', '%d hours', num_hours) % num_hours)
num_minutes = int(delta.seconds / 60)
if num_minutes > 0:
ret.append(ngettext('%d minute', '%d minutes', num_minutes) % num_minutes)
return ' '.join(ret)
This will produce:
>>> from datetime import timedelta
>>> localize_timedelta(timedelta(days=3660, minutes=500))
'10 years 10 days 8 hours 20 minutes'
A straight forward template filter for this problem. The built-in function int() never rounds up. F-Strings (i.e. f'') require python 3.6.
#app_template_filter()
def diffTime(end, start):
diff = (end - start).total_seconds()
d = int(diff / 86400)
h = int((diff - (d * 86400)) / 3600)
m = int((diff - (d * 86400 + h * 3600)) / 60)
s = int((diff - (d * 86400 + h * 3600 + m *60)))
if d > 0:
fdiff = f'{d}d {h}h {m}m {s}s'
elif h > 0:
fdiff = f'{h}h {m}m {s}s'
elif m > 0:
fdiff = f'{m}m {s}s'
else:
fdiff = f'{s}s'
return fdiff
If you happen to have IPython in your packages (you should), it has (up to now, anyway) a very nice formatter for durations (in float seconds). That is used in various places, for example by the %%time cell magic. I like the format it produces for short durations:
>>> from IPython.core.magics.execution import _format_time
>>>
>>> for v in range(-9, 10, 2):
... dt = 1.25 * 10**v
... print(_format_time(dt))
1.25 ns
125 ns
12.5 µs
1.25 ms
125 ms
12.5 s
20min 50s
1d 10h 43min 20s
144d 16h 13min 20s
14467d 14h 13min 20s
I continued from MarredCheese's answer and added year, month, millicesond and microsecond
all numbers are formatted to integer except for second, thus the fraction of a second can be customized.
#kfmfe04 asked for fraction of a second so I posted this solution
In the main there are some examples.
from string import Formatter
from datetime import timedelta
def strfdelta(tdelta, fmt='{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02.0f}s', inputtype='timedelta'):
"""Convert a datetime.timedelta object or a regular number to a custom-
formatted string, just like the stftime() method does for datetime.datetime
objects.
The fmt argument allows custom formatting to be specified. Fields can
include seconds, minutes, hours, days, and weeks. Each field is optional.
Some examples:
'{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02.0f}s' --> '05d 08h 04m 02s' (default)
'{W}w {D}d {H}:{M:02}:{S:02.0f}' --> '4w 5d 8:04:02'
'{D:2}d {H:2}:{M:02}:{S:02.0f}' --> ' 5d 8:04:02'
'{H}h {S:.0f}s' --> '72h 800s'
The inputtype argument allows tdelta to be a regular number instead of the
default, which is a datetime.timedelta object. Valid inputtype strings:
's', 'seconds',
'm', 'minutes',
'h', 'hours',
'd', 'days',
'w', 'weeks'
"""
# Convert tdelta to integer seconds.
if inputtype == 'timedelta':
remainder = tdelta.total_seconds()
elif inputtype in ['s', 'seconds']:
remainder = float(tdelta)
elif inputtype in ['m', 'minutes']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*60
elif inputtype in ['h', 'hours']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*3600
elif inputtype in ['d', 'days']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*86400
elif inputtype in ['w', 'weeks']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*604800
f = Formatter()
desired_fields = [field_tuple[1] for field_tuple in f.parse(fmt)]
possible_fields = ('Y','m','W', 'D', 'H', 'M', 'S', 'mS', 'µS')
constants = {'Y':86400*365.24,'m': 86400*30.44 ,'W': 604800, 'D': 86400, 'H': 3600, 'M': 60, 'S': 1, 'mS': 1/pow(10,3) , 'µS':1/pow(10,6)}
values = {}
for field in possible_fields:
if field in desired_fields and field in constants:
Quotient, remainder = divmod(remainder, constants[field])
values[field] = int(Quotient) if field != 'S' else Quotient + remainder
return f.format(fmt, **values)
if __name__ == "__main__":
td = timedelta(days=717, hours=3, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
print(strfdelta(td,'{Y} years {m} months {W} weeks {D} days {H:02}:{M:02}:{S:02}'))
print(strfdelta(td,'{m} months {W} weeks {D} days {H:02}:{M:02}:{S:02.4f}'))
td = timedelta( seconds=8, microseconds=8549)
print(strfdelta(td,'{S} seconds {mS} milliseconds {µS} microseconds'))
print(strfdelta(td,'{S:.0f} seconds {mS} milliseconds {µS} microseconds'))
print(strfdelta(pow(10,7),inputtype='s'))
Output:
1 years 11 months 2 weeks 3 days 01:09:56.00354900211096
23 months 2 weeks 3 days 00:12:20.0035
8.008549 seconds 8 milliseconds 549 microseconds
8 seconds 8 milliseconds 549 microseconds
115d 17h 46m 40s
Here's a function to stringify timedelta.total_seconds(). It works in python 2 and 3.
def strf_interval(seconds):
days, remainder = divmod(seconds, 86400)
hours, remainder = divmod(remainder, 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
return '{} {} {} {}'.format(
"" if int(days) == 0 else str(int(days)) + ' days',
"" if int(hours) == 0 else str(int(hours)) + ' hours',
"" if int(minutes) == 0 else str(int(minutes)) + ' mins',
"" if int(seconds) == 0 else str(int(seconds)) + ' secs'
)
Example output:
>>> print(strf_interval(1))
1 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(100))
1 mins 40 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(1000))
16 mins 40 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(10000))
2 hours 46 mins 40 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(100000))
1 days 3 hours 46 mins 40 secs
timedelta to string, use for print running time info.
def strfdelta_round(tdelta, round_period='second'):
"""timedelta to string, use for measure running time
attend period from days downto smaller period, round to minimum period
omit zero value period
"""
period_names = ('day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'millisecond')
if round_period not in period_names:
raise Exception(f'round_period "{round_period}" invalid, should be one of {",".join(period_names)}')
period_seconds = (86400, 3600, 60, 1, 1/pow(10,3))
period_desc = ('days', 'hours', 'mins', 'secs', 'msecs')
round_i = period_names.index(round_period)
s = ''
remainder = tdelta.total_seconds()
for i in range(len(period_names)):
q, remainder = divmod(remainder, period_seconds[i])
if int(q)>0:
if not len(s)==0:
s += ' '
s += f'{q:.0f} {period_desc[i]}'
if i==round_i:
break
if i==round_i+1:
s += f'{remainder} {period_desc[round_i]}'
break
return s
e.g. auto omit zero leading period:
>>> td = timedelta(days=0, hours=2, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
>>> strfdelta_round(td, 'second')
'2 hours 5 mins 8 secs'
or omit middle zero period:
>>> td = timedelta(days=2, hours=0, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
>>> strfdelta_round(td, 'millisecond')
'2 days 5 mins 8 secs 3 msecs'
or round to minutes, omit below minutes:
>>> td = timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
>>> strfdelta_round(td, 'minute')
'1 days 2 hours 5 mins'
Please check this function - it converts timedelta object into string 'HH:MM:SS'
def format_timedelta(td):
hours, remainder = divmod(td.total_seconds(), 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
hours, minutes, seconds = int(hours), int(minutes), int(seconds)
if hours < 10:
hours = '0%s' % int(hours)
if minutes < 10:
minutes = '0%s' % minutes
if seconds < 10:
seconds = '0%s' % seconds
return '%s:%s:%s' % (hours, minutes, seconds)
If you already have a timedelta obj then just convert that obj into string. Remove the last 3 characters of the string and print. This will truncate the seconds part and print the rest of it in the format Hours:Minutes.
t = str(timedeltaobj)
print t[:-3]
I wanted to do this so wrote a simple function. It works great for me and is quite versatile (supports years to microseconds, and any granularity level, e.g. you can pick between '2 days, 4 hours, 48 minutes' and '2 days, 4 hours' and '2 days, 4.8 hours', etc.
def pretty_print_timedelta(t, max_components=None, max_decimal_places=2):
'''
Print a pretty string for a timedelta.
For example datetime.timedelta(days=2, seconds=17280) will be printed as '2 days, 4 hours, 48 minutes'. Setting max_components to e.g. 1 will change this to '2.2 days', where the
number of decimal points can also be set.
'''
time_scales = [timedelta(days=365), timedelta(days=1), timedelta(hours=1), timedelta(minutes=1), timedelta(seconds=1), timedelta(microseconds=1000), timedelta(microseconds=1)]
time_scale_names_dict = {timedelta(days=365): 'year',
timedelta(days=1): 'day',
timedelta(hours=1): 'hour',
timedelta(minutes=1): 'minute',
timedelta(seconds=1): 'second',
timedelta(microseconds=1000): 'millisecond',
timedelta(microseconds=1): 'microsecond'}
count = 0
txt = ''
first = True
for scale in time_scales:
if t >= scale:
count += 1
if count == max_components:
n = t / scale
else:
n = int(t / scale)
t -= n*scale
n_txt = str(round(n, max_decimal_places))
if n_txt[-2:]=='.0': n_txt = n_txt[:-2]
txt += '{}{} {}{}'.format('' if first else ', ', n_txt, time_scale_names_dict[scale], 's' if n>1 else '', )
if first:
first = False
if len(txt) == 0:
txt = 'none'
return txt
I had the same problem and I am using pandas Timedeltas, didn't want to bring in additional dependencies (another answer mentions humanfriendly) so I wrote this small function to print out only the relevant information:
def format_timedelta(td: pd.Timedelta) -> str:
if pd.isnull(td):
return str(td)
else:
c = td.components._asdict()
return ", ".join(f"{n} {unit}" for unit, n in c.items() if n)
For example, pd.Timedelta(hours=3, seconds=12) would print as 3 hours, 12 seconds.
I suggest the following method so that we can utilize the standard formatting function, pandas.Timestamp.strftime!
from pandas import Timestamp, Timedelta
(Timedelta("2 hours 30 min") + Timestamp("00:00:00")).strftime("%H:%M")

Format timedelta to string

I'm having trouble formatting a datetime.timedelta object.
Here's what I'm trying to do:
I have a list of objects and one of the members of the class of the object is a timedelta object that shows the duration of an event. I would like to display that duration in the format of hours:minutes.
I have tried a variety of methods for doing this and I'm having difficulty. My current approach is to add methods to the class for my objects that return hours and minutes. I can get the hours by dividing the timedelta.seconds by 3600 and rounding it. I'm having trouble with getting the remainder seconds and converting that to minutes.
By the way, I'm using Google AppEngine with Django Templates for presentation.
You can just convert the timedelta to a string with str(). Here's an example:
import datetime
start = datetime.datetime(2009,2,10,14,00)
end = datetime.datetime(2009,2,10,16,00)
delta = end-start
print(str(delta))
# prints 2:00:00
As you know, you can get the total_seconds from a timedelta object by accessing the .seconds attribute.
Python provides the builtin function divmod() which allows for:
s = 13420
hours, remainder = divmod(s, 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
print('{:02}:{:02}:{:02}'.format(int(hours), int(minutes), int(seconds)))
# result: 03:43:40
or you can convert to hours and remainder by using a combination of modulo and subtraction:
# arbitrary number of seconds
s = 13420
# hours
hours = s // 3600
# remaining seconds
s = s - (hours * 3600)
# minutes
minutes = s // 60
# remaining seconds
seconds = s - (minutes * 60)
# total time
print('{:02}:{:02}:{:02}'.format(int(hours), int(minutes), int(seconds)))
# result: 03:43:40
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(hours=10.56))
10:33:36
>>> td = datetime.timedelta(hours=10.505) # any timedelta object
>>> ':'.join(str(td).split(':')[:2])
10:30
Passing the timedelta object to the str() function calls the same formatting code used if we simply type print td. Since you don't want the seconds, we can split the string by colons (3 parts) and put it back together with only the first 2 parts.
def td_format(td_object):
seconds = int(td_object.total_seconds())
periods = [
('year', 60*60*24*365),
('month', 60*60*24*30),
('day', 60*60*24),
('hour', 60*60),
('minute', 60),
('second', 1)
]
strings=[]
for period_name, period_seconds in periods:
if seconds > period_seconds:
period_value , seconds = divmod(seconds, period_seconds)
has_s = 's' if period_value > 1 else ''
strings.append("%s %s%s" % (period_value, period_name, has_s))
return ", ".join(strings)
I personally use the humanize library for this:
>>> import datetime
>>> humanize.naturalday(datetime.datetime.now())
'today'
>>> humanize.naturalday(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
'yesterday'
>>> humanize.naturalday(datetime.date(2007, 6, 5))
'Jun 05'
>>> humanize.naturaldate(datetime.date(2007, 6, 5))
'Jun 05 2007'
>>> humanize.naturaltime(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=1))
'a second ago'
>>> humanize.naturaltime(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(seconds=3600))
'an hour ago'
Of course, it doesn't give you exactly the answer you were looking for (which is, indeed, str(timeA - timeB), but I have found that once you go beyond a few hours, the display becomes quickly unreadable. humanize has support for much larger values that are human-readable, and is also well localized.
It's inspired by Django's contrib.humanize module, apparently, so since you are using Django, you should probably use that.
He already has a timedelta object so why not use its built-in method total_seconds() to convert it to seconds, then use divmod() to get hours and minutes?
hours, remainder = divmod(myTimeDelta.total_seconds(), 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
# Formatted only for hours and minutes as requested
print '%s:%s' % (hours, minutes)
This works regardless if the time delta has even days or years.
Here is a general purpose function for converting either a timedelta object or a regular number (in the form of seconds or minutes, etc.) to a nicely formatted string. I took mpounsett's fantastic answer on a duplicate question, made it a bit more flexible, improved readibility, and added documentation.
You will find that it is the most flexible answer here so far since it allows you to:
Customize the string format on the fly instead of it being hard-coded.
Leave out certain time intervals without a problem (see examples below).
Function:
from string import Formatter
from datetime import timedelta
def strfdelta(tdelta, fmt='{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02}s', inputtype='timedelta'):
"""Convert a datetime.timedelta object or a regular number to a custom-
formatted string, just like the stftime() method does for datetime.datetime
objects.
The fmt argument allows custom formatting to be specified. Fields can
include seconds, minutes, hours, days, and weeks. Each field is optional.
Some examples:
'{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02}s' --> '05d 08h 04m 02s' (default)
'{W}w {D}d {H}:{M:02}:{S:02}' --> '4w 5d 8:04:02'
'{D:2}d {H:2}:{M:02}:{S:02}' --> ' 5d 8:04:02'
'{H}h {S}s' --> '72h 800s'
The inputtype argument allows tdelta to be a regular number instead of the
default, which is a datetime.timedelta object. Valid inputtype strings:
's', 'seconds',
'm', 'minutes',
'h', 'hours',
'd', 'days',
'w', 'weeks'
"""
# Convert tdelta to integer seconds.
if inputtype == 'timedelta':
remainder = int(tdelta.total_seconds())
elif inputtype in ['s', 'seconds']:
remainder = int(tdelta)
elif inputtype in ['m', 'minutes']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*60
elif inputtype in ['h', 'hours']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*3600
elif inputtype in ['d', 'days']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*86400
elif inputtype in ['w', 'weeks']:
remainder = int(tdelta)*604800
f = Formatter()
desired_fields = [field_tuple[1] for field_tuple in f.parse(fmt)]
possible_fields = ('W', 'D', 'H', 'M', 'S')
constants = {'W': 604800, 'D': 86400, 'H': 3600, 'M': 60, 'S': 1}
values = {}
for field in possible_fields:
if field in desired_fields and field in constants:
values[field], remainder = divmod(remainder, constants[field])
return f.format(fmt, **values)
Demo:
>>> td = timedelta(days=2, hours=3, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=340)
>>> print strfdelta(td)
02d 03h 05m 08s
>>> print strfdelta(td, '{D}d {H}:{M:02}:{S:02}')
2d 3:05:08
>>> print strfdelta(td, '{D:2}d {H:2}:{M:02}:{S:02}')
2d 3:05:08
>>> print strfdelta(td, '{H}h {S}s')
51h 308s
>>> print strfdelta(12304, inputtype='s')
00d 03h 25m 04s
>>> print strfdelta(620, '{H}:{M:02}', 'm')
10:20
>>> print strfdelta(49, '{D}d {H}h', 'h')
2d 1h
I know that this is an old answered question, but I use datetime.utcfromtimestamp() for this. It takes the number of seconds and returns a datetime that can be formatted like any other datetime.
duration = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(end - begin)
print duration.strftime('%H:%M')
As long as you stay in the legal ranges for the time parts this should work, i.e. it doesn't return 1234:35 as hours are <= 23.
I would seriously consider the Occam's Razor approach here:
td = str(timedelta).split('.')[0]
This returns a string without the microseconds
If you want to regenerate the datetime.timedelta object, just do this:
h,m,s = re.split(':', td)
new_delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=int(h),minutes=int(m),seconds=int(s))
2 years in, I love this language!
maybe:
>>> import datetime
>>> dt0 = datetime.datetime(1,1,1)
>>> td = datetime.timedelta(minutes=34, hours=12, seconds=56)
>>> (dt0+td).strftime('%X')
'12:34:56'
>>> (dt0+td).strftime('%M:%S')
'34:56'
>>> (dt0+td).strftime('%H:%M')
'12:34'
>>>
I used the humanfriendly python library to do this, it works very well.
import humanfriendly
from datetime import timedelta
delta = timedelta(seconds = 321)
humanfriendly.format_timespan(delta)
'5 minutes and 21 seconds'
Available at https://pypi.org/project/humanfriendly/
Questioner wants a nicer format than the typical:
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.timedelta(seconds=41000)
datetime.timedelta(0, 41000)
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=41000))
'11:23:20'
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=4102.33))
'1:08:22.330000'
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=413302.33))
'4 days, 18:48:22.330000'
So, really there's two formats, one where days are 0 and it's left out, and another where there's text "n days, h:m:s". But, the seconds may have fractions, and there's no leading zeroes in the printouts, so columns are messy.
Here's my routine, if you like it:
def printNiceTimeDelta(stime, etime):
delay = datetime.timedelta(seconds=(etime - stime))
if (delay.days > 0):
out = str(delay).replace(" days, ", ":")
else:
out = "0:" + str(delay)
outAr = out.split(':')
outAr = ["%02d" % (int(float(x))) for x in outAr]
out = ":".join(outAr)
return out
this returns output as dd:hh:mm:ss format:
00:00:00:15
00:00:00:19
02:01:31:40
02:01:32:22
I did think about adding years to this, but this is left as an exercise for the reader, since the output is safe at over 1 year:
>>> str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=99999999))
'1157 days, 9:46:39'
My datetime.timedelta objects went greater than a day. So here is a further problem. All the discussion above assumes less than a day. A timedelta is actually a tuple of days, seconds and microseconds. The above discussion should use td.seconds as joe did, but if you have days it is NOT included in the seconds value.
I am getting a span of time between 2 datetimes and printing days and hours.
span = currentdt - previousdt
print '%d,%d\n' % (span.days,span.seconds/3600)
I have a function:
def period(delta, pattern):
d = {'d': delta.days}
d['h'], rem = divmod(delta.seconds, 3600)
d['m'], d['s'] = divmod(rem, 60)
return pattern.format(**d)
Examples:
>>> td = timedelta(seconds=123456789)
>>> period(td, "{d} days {h}:{m}:{s}")
'1428 days 21:33:9'
>>> period(td, "{h} hours, {m} minutes and {s} seconds, {d} days")
'21 hours, 33 minutes and 9 seconds, 1428 days'
Following Joe's example value above, I'd use the modulus arithmetic operator, thusly:
td = datetime.timedelta(hours=10.56)
td_str = "%d:%d" % (td.seconds/3600, td.seconds%3600/60)
Note that integer division in Python rounds down by default; if you want to be more explicit, use math.floor() or math.ceil() as appropriate.
One liner. Since timedeltas do not offer datetime's strftime, bring the timedelta back to a datetime, and use stftime.
This can not only achieve the OP's requested format Hours:Minutes, now you can leverage the full formatting power of datetime's strftime, should your requirements change to another representation.
import datetime
td = datetime.timedelta(hours=2, minutes=10, seconds=5)
print(td)
print(datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.strptime(str(td), "%H:%M:%S"), "%H:%M"))
Output:
2:10:05
02:10
This also solves the annoyance that timedeltas are formatted into strings as H:MM:SS rather than HH:MM:SS, which lead me to this problem, and the solution I've shared.
import datetime
hours = datetime.timedelta(hours=16, minutes=30)
print((datetime.datetime(1,1,1) + hours).strftime('%H:%M'))
def seconds_to_time_left_string(total_seconds):
s = int(total_seconds)
years = s // 31104000
if years > 1:
return '%d years' % years
s = s - (years * 31104000)
months = s // 2592000
if years == 1:
r = 'one year'
if months > 0:
r += ' and %d months' % months
return r
if months > 1:
return '%d months' % months
s = s - (months * 2592000)
days = s // 86400
if months == 1:
r = 'one month'
if days > 0:
r += ' and %d days' % days
return r
if days > 1:
return '%d days' % days
s = s - (days * 86400)
hours = s // 3600
if days == 1:
r = 'one day'
if hours > 0:
r += ' and %d hours' % hours
return r
s = s - (hours * 3600)
minutes = s // 60
seconds = s - (minutes * 60)
if hours >= 6:
return '%d hours' % hours
if hours >= 1:
r = '%d hours' % hours
if hours == 1:
r = 'one hour'
if minutes > 0:
r += ' and %d minutes' % minutes
return r
if minutes == 1:
r = 'one minute'
if seconds > 0:
r += ' and %d seconds' % seconds
return r
if minutes == 0:
return '%d seconds' % seconds
if seconds == 0:
return '%d minutes' % minutes
return '%d minutes and %d seconds' % (minutes, seconds)
for i in range(10):
print pow(8, i), seconds_to_time_left_string(pow(8, i))
Output:
1 1 seconds
8 8 seconds
64 one minute and 4 seconds
512 8 minutes and 32 seconds
4096 one hour and 8 minutes
32768 9 hours
262144 3 days
2097152 24 days
16777216 6 months
134217728 4 years
I had a similar problem with the output of overtime calculation at work. The value should always show up in HH:MM, even when it is greater than one day and the value can get negative. I combined some of the shown solutions and maybe someone else find this solution useful. I realized that if the timedelta value is negative most of the shown solutions with the divmod method doesn't work out of the box:
def td2HHMMstr(td):
'''Convert timedelta objects to a HH:MM string with (+/-) sign'''
if td < datetime.timedelta(seconds=0):
sign='-'
td = -td
else:
sign = ''
tdhours, rem = divmod(td.total_seconds(), 3600)
tdminutes, rem = divmod(rem, 60)
tdstr = '{}{:}:{:02d}'.format(sign, int(tdhours), int(tdminutes))
return tdstr
timedelta to HH:MM string:
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(hours=1, minutes=45))
'1:54'
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(days=2, hours=3, minutes=2))
'51:02'
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(hours=-3, minutes=-2))
'-3:02'
td2HHMMstr(datetime.timedelta(days=-35, hours=-3, minutes=-2))
'-843:02'
from django.utils.translation import ngettext
def localize_timedelta(delta):
ret = []
num_years = int(delta.days / 365)
if num_years > 0:
delta -= timedelta(days=num_years * 365)
ret.append(ngettext('%d year', '%d years', num_years) % num_years)
if delta.days > 0:
ret.append(ngettext('%d day', '%d days', delta.days) % delta.days)
num_hours = int(delta.seconds / 3600)
if num_hours > 0:
delta -= timedelta(hours=num_hours)
ret.append(ngettext('%d hour', '%d hours', num_hours) % num_hours)
num_minutes = int(delta.seconds / 60)
if num_minutes > 0:
ret.append(ngettext('%d minute', '%d minutes', num_minutes) % num_minutes)
return ' '.join(ret)
This will produce:
>>> from datetime import timedelta
>>> localize_timedelta(timedelta(days=3660, minutes=500))
'10 years 10 days 8 hours 20 minutes'
A straight forward template filter for this problem. The built-in function int() never rounds up. F-Strings (i.e. f'') require python 3.6.
#app_template_filter()
def diffTime(end, start):
diff = (end - start).total_seconds()
d = int(diff / 86400)
h = int((diff - (d * 86400)) / 3600)
m = int((diff - (d * 86400 + h * 3600)) / 60)
s = int((diff - (d * 86400 + h * 3600 + m *60)))
if d > 0:
fdiff = f'{d}d {h}h {m}m {s}s'
elif h > 0:
fdiff = f'{h}h {m}m {s}s'
elif m > 0:
fdiff = f'{m}m {s}s'
else:
fdiff = f'{s}s'
return fdiff
If you happen to have IPython in your packages (you should), it has (up to now, anyway) a very nice formatter for durations (in float seconds). That is used in various places, for example by the %%time cell magic. I like the format it produces for short durations:
>>> from IPython.core.magics.execution import _format_time
>>>
>>> for v in range(-9, 10, 2):
... dt = 1.25 * 10**v
... print(_format_time(dt))
1.25 ns
125 ns
12.5 µs
1.25 ms
125 ms
12.5 s
20min 50s
1d 10h 43min 20s
144d 16h 13min 20s
14467d 14h 13min 20s
I continued from MarredCheese's answer and added year, month, millicesond and microsecond
all numbers are formatted to integer except for second, thus the fraction of a second can be customized.
#kfmfe04 asked for fraction of a second so I posted this solution
In the main there are some examples.
from string import Formatter
from datetime import timedelta
def strfdelta(tdelta, fmt='{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02.0f}s', inputtype='timedelta'):
"""Convert a datetime.timedelta object or a regular number to a custom-
formatted string, just like the stftime() method does for datetime.datetime
objects.
The fmt argument allows custom formatting to be specified. Fields can
include seconds, minutes, hours, days, and weeks. Each field is optional.
Some examples:
'{D:02}d {H:02}h {M:02}m {S:02.0f}s' --> '05d 08h 04m 02s' (default)
'{W}w {D}d {H}:{M:02}:{S:02.0f}' --> '4w 5d 8:04:02'
'{D:2}d {H:2}:{M:02}:{S:02.0f}' --> ' 5d 8:04:02'
'{H}h {S:.0f}s' --> '72h 800s'
The inputtype argument allows tdelta to be a regular number instead of the
default, which is a datetime.timedelta object. Valid inputtype strings:
's', 'seconds',
'm', 'minutes',
'h', 'hours',
'd', 'days',
'w', 'weeks'
"""
# Convert tdelta to integer seconds.
if inputtype == 'timedelta':
remainder = tdelta.total_seconds()
elif inputtype in ['s', 'seconds']:
remainder = float(tdelta)
elif inputtype in ['m', 'minutes']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*60
elif inputtype in ['h', 'hours']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*3600
elif inputtype in ['d', 'days']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*86400
elif inputtype in ['w', 'weeks']:
remainder = float(tdelta)*604800
f = Formatter()
desired_fields = [field_tuple[1] for field_tuple in f.parse(fmt)]
possible_fields = ('Y','m','W', 'D', 'H', 'M', 'S', 'mS', 'µS')
constants = {'Y':86400*365.24,'m': 86400*30.44 ,'W': 604800, 'D': 86400, 'H': 3600, 'M': 60, 'S': 1, 'mS': 1/pow(10,3) , 'µS':1/pow(10,6)}
values = {}
for field in possible_fields:
if field in desired_fields and field in constants:
Quotient, remainder = divmod(remainder, constants[field])
values[field] = int(Quotient) if field != 'S' else Quotient + remainder
return f.format(fmt, **values)
if __name__ == "__main__":
td = timedelta(days=717, hours=3, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
print(strfdelta(td,'{Y} years {m} months {W} weeks {D} days {H:02}:{M:02}:{S:02}'))
print(strfdelta(td,'{m} months {W} weeks {D} days {H:02}:{M:02}:{S:02.4f}'))
td = timedelta( seconds=8, microseconds=8549)
print(strfdelta(td,'{S} seconds {mS} milliseconds {µS} microseconds'))
print(strfdelta(td,'{S:.0f} seconds {mS} milliseconds {µS} microseconds'))
print(strfdelta(pow(10,7),inputtype='s'))
Output:
1 years 11 months 2 weeks 3 days 01:09:56.00354900211096
23 months 2 weeks 3 days 00:12:20.0035
8.008549 seconds 8 milliseconds 549 microseconds
8 seconds 8 milliseconds 549 microseconds
115d 17h 46m 40s
Here's a function to stringify timedelta.total_seconds(). It works in python 2 and 3.
def strf_interval(seconds):
days, remainder = divmod(seconds, 86400)
hours, remainder = divmod(remainder, 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
return '{} {} {} {}'.format(
"" if int(days) == 0 else str(int(days)) + ' days',
"" if int(hours) == 0 else str(int(hours)) + ' hours',
"" if int(minutes) == 0 else str(int(minutes)) + ' mins',
"" if int(seconds) == 0 else str(int(seconds)) + ' secs'
)
Example output:
>>> print(strf_interval(1))
1 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(100))
1 mins 40 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(1000))
16 mins 40 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(10000))
2 hours 46 mins 40 secs
>>> print(strf_interval(100000))
1 days 3 hours 46 mins 40 secs
timedelta to string, use for print running time info.
def strfdelta_round(tdelta, round_period='second'):
"""timedelta to string, use for measure running time
attend period from days downto smaller period, round to minimum period
omit zero value period
"""
period_names = ('day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'millisecond')
if round_period not in period_names:
raise Exception(f'round_period "{round_period}" invalid, should be one of {",".join(period_names)}')
period_seconds = (86400, 3600, 60, 1, 1/pow(10,3))
period_desc = ('days', 'hours', 'mins', 'secs', 'msecs')
round_i = period_names.index(round_period)
s = ''
remainder = tdelta.total_seconds()
for i in range(len(period_names)):
q, remainder = divmod(remainder, period_seconds[i])
if int(q)>0:
if not len(s)==0:
s += ' '
s += f'{q:.0f} {period_desc[i]}'
if i==round_i:
break
if i==round_i+1:
s += f'{remainder} {period_desc[round_i]}'
break
return s
e.g. auto omit zero leading period:
>>> td = timedelta(days=0, hours=2, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
>>> strfdelta_round(td, 'second')
'2 hours 5 mins 8 secs'
or omit middle zero period:
>>> td = timedelta(days=2, hours=0, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
>>> strfdelta_round(td, 'millisecond')
'2 days 5 mins 8 secs 3 msecs'
or round to minutes, omit below minutes:
>>> td = timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=5, seconds=8, microseconds=3549)
>>> strfdelta_round(td, 'minute')
'1 days 2 hours 5 mins'
Please check this function - it converts timedelta object into string 'HH:MM:SS'
def format_timedelta(td):
hours, remainder = divmod(td.total_seconds(), 3600)
minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
hours, minutes, seconds = int(hours), int(minutes), int(seconds)
if hours < 10:
hours = '0%s' % int(hours)
if minutes < 10:
minutes = '0%s' % minutes
if seconds < 10:
seconds = '0%s' % seconds
return '%s:%s:%s' % (hours, minutes, seconds)
If you already have a timedelta obj then just convert that obj into string. Remove the last 3 characters of the string and print. This will truncate the seconds part and print the rest of it in the format Hours:Minutes.
t = str(timedeltaobj)
print t[:-3]
I wanted to do this so wrote a simple function. It works great for me and is quite versatile (supports years to microseconds, and any granularity level, e.g. you can pick between '2 days, 4 hours, 48 minutes' and '2 days, 4 hours' and '2 days, 4.8 hours', etc.
def pretty_print_timedelta(t, max_components=None, max_decimal_places=2):
'''
Print a pretty string for a timedelta.
For example datetime.timedelta(days=2, seconds=17280) will be printed as '2 days, 4 hours, 48 minutes'. Setting max_components to e.g. 1 will change this to '2.2 days', where the
number of decimal points can also be set.
'''
time_scales = [timedelta(days=365), timedelta(days=1), timedelta(hours=1), timedelta(minutes=1), timedelta(seconds=1), timedelta(microseconds=1000), timedelta(microseconds=1)]
time_scale_names_dict = {timedelta(days=365): 'year',
timedelta(days=1): 'day',
timedelta(hours=1): 'hour',
timedelta(minutes=1): 'minute',
timedelta(seconds=1): 'second',
timedelta(microseconds=1000): 'millisecond',
timedelta(microseconds=1): 'microsecond'}
count = 0
txt = ''
first = True
for scale in time_scales:
if t >= scale:
count += 1
if count == max_components:
n = t / scale
else:
n = int(t / scale)
t -= n*scale
n_txt = str(round(n, max_decimal_places))
if n_txt[-2:]=='.0': n_txt = n_txt[:-2]
txt += '{}{} {}{}'.format('' if first else ', ', n_txt, time_scale_names_dict[scale], 's' if n>1 else '', )
if first:
first = False
if len(txt) == 0:
txt = 'none'
return txt
I had the same problem and I am using pandas Timedeltas, didn't want to bring in additional dependencies (another answer mentions humanfriendly) so I wrote this small function to print out only the relevant information:
def format_timedelta(td: pd.Timedelta) -> str:
if pd.isnull(td):
return str(td)
else:
c = td.components._asdict()
return ", ".join(f"{n} {unit}" for unit, n in c.items() if n)
For example, pd.Timedelta(hours=3, seconds=12) would print as 3 hours, 12 seconds.
I suggest the following method so that we can utilize the standard formatting function, pandas.Timestamp.strftime!
from pandas import Timestamp, Timedelta
(Timedelta("2 hours 30 min") + Timestamp("00:00:00")).strftime("%H:%M")

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