I'm writing a text adventure in Python 2.7 and now want to make nice-looking output. I already tried to make a GUI with Tkinter, but it didn't work, because the user's text input could not be decoded in Tk, and I need it for German Umlauts. So now I'm trying to get good output straight in the Python shell or the Jupyter notebook. The problem is, when I do a print statement, I get output like:
This is a text and just a little exa
mple to show the problem.
But of course I don't want to get words stripped, like 'example'. It should look like this:
This is a text and just a little
example to show the problem.
I tired to work with the width of a display and thought that it would be good to split the string after 80 characters, but with the condition that it should only be split at a whitespace and not in a word. I wanted to do something like this:
def output(string):
for pos, char in enumerate(string):
if pos <= 80 and pos >=70 and char == " ":
templist = string.split(char)
...
Strings are immutable, so I think I have to convert it into a list, but then I don't know how to put the split-position of the string and the list together. Maybe I'm thinking too intricately.
Is there a way to say: If the string is longer than 80 characters, split the string at the nearest whitespace to the 80th character?
Use the textwrap module.
For example, if you want 40 character line width:
import textwrap
a = '''This is a text and just a little example to show the problem.'''
print("\n".join(textwrap.wrap(a,40)))
##This is a text and just a little example
##to show the problem.
I would look at the first 80 characters of a string and find the last occurrence of the space character, and then split your string there. You can use rfind() for this:
string = "This is a text and just a little example to show the problem"
lines = []
while string:
index = string[:80].rfind(' ')
if index == -1:
index = 80
lines.append(string[:index])
string = string[index:].lstrip()
I think you're looking for the textwrap module.
text_wrap.fill(your_text, width=your_width)
Related
I want to separate the users input using two different separators which are ":" and ";"
Like the user should input 4 subject and it's amounts. The format should be:
(Subject:amount;Subject:amount;Subject:amount;Subject:amount)
If the input is wrong it should print "Invalid Input "
Here's my code but I can only used one separator and how can I control the users input?
B = input("Enter 4 subjects and amount separated by (;) like Math:90;Science:80:").split(";")
Please help. I can't figure it out.
If you are fine with using regular expressions in python you could use the following code:
import re
output_list = re.split("[;:]", input_string)
Where inside the square brackets you include all the characters (also known as delimiters) that you want to split by, just make sure to keep the quotes around the square brackets as that makes a regex string (what we are using to tell the computer what to split)
Further reading on regex can be found here if you feel like it: https://medium.com/factory-mind/regex-tutorial-a-simple-cheatsheet-by-examples-649dc1c3f285
However, if you want to do it without importing anything you could do this, which is another possible solution (and I would recommend against, but it gets the job done well):
input_string = input_string.replace(";", ":")
output_list = input_string.split(":")
Which works by first replacing all of the semicolons in the input string with colons (it could also work the other way around) and then splitting by the remaining character (in this case the colons)
Hope this helped, as it is my first answer on Stack overflow.
I am new to Python and am still learning. If I have a string that contains several possible characters within [], how do I create and output that spits out all possible values? For example, let's say my string is "ABC[XY]123", where the possible outputs are either "ABCX123" or "ABCY123". I want to create a script that prints both of those possibilities from the original input of "ABC[XY]123". I am aware of the fact that this is not a list, but a string. Does it make sense to turn the string in to a list first as well? Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.
So accroding to your comment, only one char in [chars] can be chosen out in every output. Then the problem is much easier, just match the chars in [chars] and replace it with every char in chars in a for loop:
import re
string = input('')
chars = re.search(r'\[(.*)\]',string).group(1)
for char in chars:
repl_string = re.sub(r'\[.*\]',char,string)
print(repl_string)
Input:
ABC[XY]123
Output:
ABCX123 ABCY123
I have a string Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_Yakutat_CDP.png
From the string above, I want to extract only the word after this word Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_ and before .png.
So basically I want to extract after fourth word separated by underscore and till the word before .png
I am new to regex.
Finally I want only Yakutat_CDP.
I think what you are asking for is something like this:
import os
# I think you will have different jobs/pngs, so pass these variables from somewhere
jobPrefix = 'Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_'
pngString = 'Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_Yakutat_CDP.png'
# Split filename/extension
pngTitle = os.path.splitext(pngString)[0]
# Get the filename without the jobPrefix
finalTitle = pngTitle[len(jobPrefix):]
Edit
Try to avoid regular expressions as it is much slower in general than string slicing
You can do it even without regex like so:
s = 'Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_Yakutat_CDP.png'
print(s[len('Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_'):-len('.png')])
In essence here I take the substring starting immediately after Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_ and ending before .png.
Still probably a regex approach is more readable and maintanable:
import re
m = re.match('Job_Cluster_AK_Alaska_(.*).png')
print(m[1])
I am a beginner in python. I came across this question in codewars.
Jaden is known for some of his philosophy that he delivers via Twitter. When writing on Twitter, he is known for almost always capitalizing every word.
Your task is to convert strings to how they would be written by Jaden Smith. The strings are actual quotes from Jaden Smith, but they are not capitalized in the same way he originally typed them.
Example :
Not Jaden-Cased: "How can mirrors be real if our eyes aren't real"
Jaden-Cased: "How Can Mirrors Be Real If Our Eyes Aren't Real"
This is my attempt (I am supposed to code using a function)
def toJadenCase(string):
l = len(string)
for i in range(0,l):
if string[i] == ' ':
y = string[i]
string[i+1] = chr(int(y)-32)
return srting
s = raw_input()
print toJadenCase(s)
When run, the following errors showed up
How can mirrors be real if our eyes aren't real (this is the input string)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "jaden_smith.py", line 9, in <module>
print toJadenCase(s)
File "jaden_smith.py", line 6, in toJadenCase
string[i+1] = chr(int(y)-32)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
I couldn't understand these errors even after google-ing it. Any help would be appreciated. I would also be great if other errors in my code are highlighted and a better code is suggested.
Thanks in advance :D
As Goodies points out, string should not be used as a variable name
Following the Zen of Python, this is technically a function that does exactly what you're trying to achieve:
def toJadenCase(quote):
return quote.title()
Edit:
Revised version to deal with apostrophes:
import string
def toJadenCase(quote):
return string.capwords(quote)
First you have to understand that strings are immutable, so you cannot set a single character inside a string, but build a new string from the old one and replace the old one (this can be usually done still in one pass so it's not a big complication).
Second, for most of these kind of operations, it is much better to use the methods of the string object itself, rather than redo everything from scratch.
Said that, there is still some complication with the question, but a function that does what you want is in the module string:
import string
s="How can mirrors be real if our eyes aren't real"
newstring=string.capwords(s)
If you prefer (why?!) a DIY solution (using string methods):
newstring=' '.join([ss.capitalize() for ss in s.split()])
Note that using split without argument splits the string on any whitespace (e.g. tabs etc.), that I think is the desired behavior.
If you want to do this without using a function that already exists, this is how I would do it and I'll explain everything:
Assuming you get a string with ONLY text based words and all words start with a character*
def toJadenCase(string):
words = string.strip().split()
# This first strips all empty spaces around the words in the text and then splits the string by spaces (default) otherwise you can add a character inside split in order to split it at the character. This returns a list of words in the sentence.
li = [] # initialize empty list
for word in words:
word = chr(ord(word[0])-32) + word[1:]
# So there's a couple of things going on here.
# I could use .upper() to upper case something (like word[0].upper() + word[1:]
# in order to get it but I wanted to do it without the use of that.
# That being said, ord just figures out the ascii number and subtracting
# 32 makes it uppercase. chr changes it back to a string.
# Then it can be concatenated to the rest of the word.
# Strings can be treated as lists in python so word[0] and word[1:] works
Also, word[1:] just means from the 1st index to the end.
li.append(word) # this appends the word to the list
return ' '.join(li) # this joins all of the words in the list with a space
Now, if you want something a lot more concise (you can use .capitalize()):
def toJadenCaseShort(string):
return ' '.join([x.capitalize() for x in string.strip().split()])
which returns:
>>> abc("hello my friends")
'Hello My Friends'
Basically what it does is it uses list comprehension to strip and then split the words, capitalizes them, and then joins them with spaces!
Of course, you could just use string.title() as mark s. says but what's the fun in that? :)
Here is the answer that passed for me
import string
def toJadenCase(str):
quote = string.capwords(str)
return quote #Do not use print(quote) as it adds spaces
def toJadenCase(str):
quote = string.capwords(str)
return quote #Do not use print(quote) as it adds spaces
I have a text file with numbers and symbols, i want to delete some character of them and to put new line.
for example the text file is like that:
00004430474314-3","100004430474314-3","1779803519-3","100003004929477-3","100006224433874-3","1512754498-3","100003323786067
i want the output to be like that:
00004430474314
100004430474314
100003004929477
1779803519
100006224433874
1512754498
100003323786067
i tred to replace -3"," with \n by this code but it does not work. any help?
import re
import collections
s = re.findall('\w+', open('text.txt').read().lower())
print(s.replace("-3","",">\n"))
The re.findall is useless here.
with open('path/to/file') as infile:
contents = infile.read()
contents = contents.replace('-3","', '\n')
print(contents)
Another problem with your code is that you seem to think that "-3","" is a string containing -3",". This is not the case. Python sees a second " and interprets that as the end of the string. You have a comma right afterward, which makes python consider the second bit as the second parameter to s.replace().
What you really want to do is to tell python that those double quotes are part of the string. You can do this by manually escaping them as follows:
some_string_with_double_quotes = "this is a \"double quote\" within a string"
You can also accomplish the same thing by defining the string with single quotes:
some_string_with_double_quotes = 'this is a "double quote" within a string'
Both types of quotes are equivalent in python and can be used to define strings. This may be weird to you if you come from a language like C++, where single quotes are used for characters, and double quotes are used for strings.
First I think that the s object is not a string but a list and if you try to make is a string (s=''.join(s) for example) you are going to end with something like this:
0000443047431431000044304743143177980351931000030049294773100006224433874315127544983100003323786067
Where replace() is useless.
I would change your code to the following (tested in python 3.2)
lines = [line.strip() for line in open('text.txt')]
line=''.join(lines)
cl=line.replace("-3\",\"","\n")
print(cl)