I am new to Python, am just learning Classes, and am trying to write a "personal info" program:
This is my code:
class PersonalInfo():
def names(self, name):
name = raw_input("What is your name?")
self.names = name
def addresses(self, add):
add = raw_input("What is your adress?")
self.addresses = add
def ages(self, age):
age = raw_input("What is your age?")
self.ages = age
def numbers(self, number):
number = raw_input("What is your phone number?")
self.numbers = number
PersonalInfo()
def print_names():
info = PersonalInfo()
print "Name:", info.names(name)
print "Address:", info.addresses(add)
print "Age:", info.info.ages(age)
print "Phone number:", info.numbers(number)
print_names()
But when I run it it says this:
NameError: global name 'add' is not defined
Can someone please help me?
There are several issues with your code other than the NameError and I strongly suggest you read more on python classes:
https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/classes.html
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_classes_objects.htm
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A_Beginner's_Python_Tutorial/Classes
I'll run you through those issues.
First, the NameError occurs because the add variable was not defined. The same applies to all other arguments you provided in your print statements.
Second, there are issues with the way you define the class methods:
class PersonalInfo():
def names(self, name):
name = raw_input("What is your name?")
self.names = name
Here, you are re-assigning the name variable to the return value of raw_input so there's no sense in setting it as an argument in the first place. Also, by stating self.names = name you are re-assigning the class method to the string that is returned by raw_input!
Third, you have to decide whether you want to provide the information when calling the methods, or using raw_input. Here's a working example of your code, assuming you want to use raw_input
class PersonalInfo():
def names(self):
name = raw_input("What is your name?")
self.name = name
def addresses(self):
add = raw_input("What is your adress?")
self.address = add
def ages(self):
age = raw_input("What is your age?")
self.age = age
def numbers(self):
number = raw_input("What is your phone number?")
self.number = number
def print_names():
info = PersonalInfo()
# Get information
info.names()
info.addresses()
info.ages()
info.numbers()
# After getting the info, print it
print "Name:", info.name
print "Address:", info.address
print "Age:", info.age
print "Phone number:", info.number
print_names()
Related
Suppose I had this class
class employee(object)
def __init__(self,name):
return self.name
def something(self):
pass
...
Leading to
if __name__== "__main__":
name = input("what is your name ")
user1 = employee(name)
user1.something()
...
I want the user1 instance to be the name inputted by the user so that I can have unique instances. How do I go about adding instances based on user input in the main section?
so if I run the program and inputted "tim", the outcome I would want is:
tim.name = "tim"
....
UPDATE
Seems like the above is unclear, let me try to explain using my actual code:
So I have this Spotify API:
class Spotify(object):
def __init__(self,user):
self.client_id = ''
self.client_secret = ''
def client_credentials(self):
pass
def get_header_token(self):
pass
...
In the end,
if __name__== "__main__":
user = input("Enter username ")
user = Spotify(user)
user.request_author()
...
I am trying to get the user variable to the input the user provides, such as if the user inputted "tim123", the user variable would also be tim123.
So I could perform:
tim123.name
Think my mind is going completely blank and there should be an easy solution for this. I am sure this is very unpractical but I don't know how I would do this in case I ever needed to.
Change
return self.name
to
self.name = name
if name== "main":
variable_name = raw_input("Enter variable name:") # User.
enters "tim123"
name = input("Enter Name")
globals()[variable_name] = employee(name)
tim123.name
Based on your comment, it sounds like you are looking for exec() or eval(). Link. My solution would be to do something like:
class employee(object):
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
name = input("what is your name ")
exec(f"{name} = employee('{name}')")
(and then you would access joe.name, if the user inputted joe, or bob.name, if the user inputted bob, etc.).
Alternatively, you could use locals() or globals()
Hope this helped!
I'm new to coding -- taking a Python college course. I know this will be obvious to many of you, but I can not figure out why I continue to get this error attribute error:
prodworker = employee.ProductionWorker(shift_num, pay_rate)
AttributeError: 'Employee' object has no attribute 'ProductionWorker'
Any help is greatly appreciated :)
class Employee: #writing new class called Employee:
def __init__(self, name, number): #accepts arguments for employee name and
self.__name = name #employee number
self.__number = number
def set_name(self, name): #mutator methods to set name and number
self.__name = name
def set_number(self, number):
self.__number = number
#accessor methods returns name and number
def get_name(self):
return self.__name
def get_number(self):
return self.__number
class ProductionWorker(Employee): #write subclass
def __init__(self, shift_num, pay_rate):
Employee.__init__(self, 'ProductionWorker')
self.__shift_num = shift_num
self.__pay_rate = pay_rate
def set_shift_num(self, shift_num):
self.__shift_num = shift_num
def set_pay_rate(self, pay_rate):
self.__pay_rate = pay_rate
def get_shift_num(self):
return self.__shift_num
def get_pay_rate(self):
return self.__pay_rate
#This program creates an instance of Employee Class
#and an instance of Production Worker Class:
again = 'Y'
while again.upper() == 'Y':
print('Enter the following data for the employee: \n')
name = input('What is the employee name?: ')
number = input('What is the employee number? ')
shift_num = input('What is the employee shift number? 1 = Day, 2 = Night :')
while shift_num != '1' and shift_num != '2':
shift_num = input('Invalid entry! Enter 1 for Day shift or 2 for Night shift!')
else:
if shift_num == '1':
shift_num = 'Day'
if shift_num == '2':
shift_num = 'Night'
pay_rate = float(input('What is the employee pay rate? '))
print()
print('This is an instance of the Employee class:')
employee = Employee(name, number)
print('EMPLOYEE: \t\t'+ employee.get_name())
print('EMPLOYEE NUMBER: \t' + employee.get_number())
print()
print('This is an instance of the Production Worker class: ')
prodworker = employee.ProductionWorker(shift_num, pay_rate)
print('SHIFT: \t\t\t' + ProductionWorker.get_shift_num())
print('PAY RATE: \t\t$' + format(ProductionWorker.get_pay_rate(), ',.2f'), sep='')
print('--------------------------------------------')
again = input('Enter Y to add another: ')
if again.upper() != 'Y':
print('Program End')
The ProductionWorker class is a subclass of the Employee class, but that doesn't mean you can call it through an instance of Employee. It's still a top-level class that you should call directly. Try replacing employee.ProductionWorker(...) with just ProductionWorker(...).
You'll get past the current error, but you may have new ones. For instance, I think the current attempt to call Employee.__init__ from ProductionWorker.__init__ will fail because it doesn't pass the right number of arguments. You may also have logic issues, if you expected employee.ProductionWorker to create a ProductionWorker instance that was related in some way to the employee object.
I'd also discourage you from using __double_leading_underscore names for your attributes. That invokes Python's name mangling system, which is mostly intended to help prevent accidental reuse of the same name from different classes in a large or unpredictable inheritance hierarchy. If you just want your attributes to be "private", use a single underscore. That doesn't protect them from being accessed by outside code, but it serves as documentation that they're not part of the object's public API. One of Python's design philosophies is that it's programmers are responsible for their own behavior (often described with the phrase "We're all consenting adults"). If a programmer wants to access an object's private data they can do so (which can be very useful for debugging). But if they break stuff, they have no one to blame but themselves.
I've never used classes before and I am trying to get a general understanding of how they work with the code example I have below. Im having issues referencing one of the names i define for a class. i just want the program to print out a list of the employee names and salaries stored in the list when the option 2 is entered but it gives me the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Scott Glenn\Misc\classes.py", line 31, in
employees[i].displayEmployee
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'displayEmployee'
class Employee:
'Common base class for all employees'
empCount = 0
def __init__(self, name, salary):
self.name = name
self.salary = salary
Employee.empCount += 1
def displayCount(self):
print "Total Employee %d" % Employee.empCount
def displayEmployee(self):
print "Name : ", self.name, ", Salary: ", self.salary
def AddNewEmployee():
NewEmployee = raw_input("What is the Employees name: ")
employees.append(str(NewEmployee))
NewEmployeeSalary = raw_input("What is the Employees salary: ")
NewEmployee = Employee(NewEmployee, NewEmployeeSalary)
return employees
#=============================================================================
employees=[]
while(1):
print'Welcome to the Employee Database!'
option = raw_input('Please select 1 to add new employee or 2 to display all current employees: ')
if option=='1':
employees.append(AddNewEmployee())
if option=='2':
for i in range(0,len(employees)):
employees[i].displayEmployee
The AddNewEmployee function is wrong. It's returning a list of a single string when you want to be returning a single object of your custom type Employee.
It should be more like this:
def AddNewEmployee():
#string variable to hold name
NewEmployeeName = raw_input("What is the Employees name: ")
#why make a list? you are appending the result of this function to that list
#employees.append(str(NewEmployee))
#plus this is adding the employee before he's even been created
NewEmployeeSalary = raw_input("What is the Employees salary: ")
#construct using name string and salary string
NewEmployee = Employee(NewEmployeeName, NewEmployeeSalary)
return NewEmployee #return Employee object (to be appended later)
Additionally, you are trying to access displayEmployee() as a field of your class, instead of as a method. Fields don't have parenthesis and methods do (so they can take parameters, though in this case the parenthesis are empty as no parameters are passed).
Finally, note that raw_input returns a string so you should cast to float if that is what you wish your NewEmployeeSalary to be. (Right now it's a string.)
I've updated your code below. The main issue that I saw that you had was that you were using 'employees' as a global and appending to it twice. I moved it out of the AddNewEmployee() function and had that return the new employee which is then appended to 'employees'
Also you weren't calling '.displayEmployees'
Notice the the parentheses that I added to the end.
I hope this helps!
class Employee(object):
'Common base class for all employees'
empCount = 0
def __init__(self, name, salary):
self.name = name
self.salary = salary
Employee.empCount += 1
def displayCount(self):
print "Total Employee %d" % Employee.empCount
def displayEmployee(self):
print "Name : ", self.name, ", Salary: ", self.salary
def AddNewEmployee():
NewEmployee = raw_input("What is the Employees name: ")
NewEmployeeSalary = raw_input("What is the Employees salary: ")
NewEmployee = Employee(NewEmployee, NewEmployeeSalary)
return NewEmployee
# =============================================================================
if __name__ == "__main__":
employees = []
while True:
print'Welcome to the Employee Database!'
option = raw_input(
'Please select 1 to add new employee or 2 to display all current employees: ')
if option == '1':
employees.append(AddNewEmployee())
if option == '2':
for i in range(0, len(employees)):
employees[i].displayEmployee()
In my intro class, we just started the section on object-oriented programming. This class is the first I've ever been exposed to programming, and I'm really not understanding it.
We have an assignment where we have to create an Animal class, a Zoo class, and then a zookeeper program to run the information from the first two classes. I have the programs typed up based off of examples in my book, but am still not doing it correctly.
If you could look over my codes and give me some feedback or help, that would be greatly appreciated!
class Animal:
def __innit__(self, animal_type, name):
self.animal_type = animal_type
self.name = name
def get_animal_type(self, animal_type):
self.__animal_type = animal_type
def get_name(self, name):
self.__name = name
def check_mood(self, mood):
input random.txt
print random.random()
Class Zoo:
def __innit__(self):
self.__animals = animal_list
def add_animals(self, animal):
self.__animals.append(animal)
def show_animals(animal_list):
return animal_list
input Animal.py
input Zoo.py
def main():
ADD_ANIMAL = 1
SHOW_ANIMALS = 2
EXIT = 3
def get_manu_choice():
print()
print("Zoo Options")
print("-----------")
print("1. Add Animal")
print("2. Show Animals")
print("3. Exit")
print()
choice = int(input("What would you like to do? "))
while choice < ADD_ANIMAL or choice > EXIT:
choice = int(input("Please choose a valid option: "))
return choice
main()
innit should be init
Looks to me like you are missing a chunk of functionality. You need an instance of zoo, and then in response to the input, either add another animal to the zoo or print the list of animals.
I've been trying to write a simple program in python to use classes and test attributes. It asks the user to input one of the names, and uses that input to display 2 attributes of the name. I've tried to include a try...except block to catch the NameError that occurs when typing something that hasn't been defined as the name of an object, but I still get this traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Bede/Documents/Technology/Programming/Python/276/testcode", line 18, in <module>
animalName = input(">")
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'Marmadukke' is not defined
I'm aware this probably isn't the best way to do things, so I'm open to all suggestions.
My full code is here:
class Dog(object):
def __init__(self,name,chasesCats):
self.name = name
self.chasesCats = chasesCats
class Cat(object):
def __init__(self,name,chasesMice):
self.name = name
self.chasesMice = chasesMice
Marmaduke = Cat("Marmaduke",True)
Timmy = Cat("Timmy",False)
Cerberus = Dog("Cerberus",True)
Max = Dog("Max",False)
print("Enter Marmaduke, Timmy, Max or Cerberus.")
animalName = input(">")
while 1:
try:
if isinstance(animalName,Cat):
print("Cat")
if animalName.chasesMice:
print("Chases mice")
else: print("Doesn't chase mice")
if isinstance(animalName,Dog):
print("Dog")
if animalName.chasesCats:
print("Chases cats")
else: print("Doesn't chase cats")
break
except NameError:
print("Try again!")
I'm guessing you're using python2.x. In that case, you should use raw_input instead of input. The problem is that on python2.x, input calls eval on the data you put in. I suppose, this means that you could put in the data as "Marmaduke" (note the quotes). But having the program behave differently depending on whether you're using python2.x or 3.x seems undesirable.
An easy way to make the code work for both, python2.x and python3.x:
try:
raw_input
except NameError:
raw_input = input
animalName = input(">") is outside of the try block. So the Error won't be caught.
Probably you want that inside the try block in the loop:
while 1:
try:
animalName = input(">")
if isinstance(animalName,Cat):
This line is the culprit:
animalName = input(">")
When you enter Marmadukke, which isn't defined yet, you get the name error, since you're trying to do:
animalName = Marmadukke #Not defined.
Wrap it in a try/except block:
try:
animalName = input(">")
except:
print("Invalid input!")
But to achieve this, it would be much better to store your animals to a dictionary, and retrieve only the name:
animals = {}
animals['Marmaduke'] = Cat("Marmaduke",True)
animals['Timmy'] = Cat("Timmy",False)
animals['Cerberus'] = Dog("Cerberus",True)
animals['Max'] = Dog("Max",False)
And to retrieve:
animalName = animals[raw_input(">")]
You can then put it inside your while function, and catch KeyError instead of NameError.
Hope this helps!
For the fun and interest, I have extended your code; try tracing through it, you should learn lots ;-)
class Mammal(object):
index = {}
def __init__(self, name, chases_what=type(None)):
Mammal.index[name] = self
self.name = name
self.chases_what = chases_what
def speak(self):
pass
def chase(self, who):
if isinstance(who, self.chases_what):
self.speak()
print('{} chases {} the {}'.format(self.name, who.name, who.__class__.__name__))
who.speak()
else:
print("{} won't chase a {}".format(self.name, who.__class__.__name__))
class Mouse(Mammal):
def speak(self):
print('Squeak! Squeak!')
class Cat(Mammal):
def __init__(self, name, chases=True):
super(Cat, self).__init__(name, Mouse)
self.chases = chases
def chase(self, who):
if self.chases:
super(Cat, self).chase(who)
else:
print("{} won't chase anything".format(self.name))
class Dog(Mammal):
def __init__(self, name, chases_what=Cat):
super(Dog, self).__init__(name, chases_what)
def speak(self):
print('Bark! Bark!')
def chase(self, who):
if self is who:
print("{} chases his own tail".format(self.name))
else:
super(Dog, self).chase(who)
# create animal instances
Mouse('Jerry')
Mouse('Speedy Gonzalez')
Cat('Garfield', chases=False)
Cat('Tom')
Dog('Max')
Dog('Marmaduke', (Cat, Mouse))
def main():
while True:
name = raw_input('Enter an animal name (or Enter to quit): ').strip()
if not name:
break
me = Mammal.index.get(name, None)
if me is None:
print("I don't know {}; try again!".format(name))
continue
chase = raw_input('Enter who they should chase: ').strip()
target = Mammal.index.get(chase, None)
if target is None:
print("I don't know {}".format(name))
else:
me.chase(target)
if __name__=="__main__":
main()