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pip install installations failed [duplicate]

I am trying to install a Python library using pip, getting an SSL error:
~/projects/base  pre-master± pip install xdict
Collecting xdict
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/xdict/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:590) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement xdict (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for xdict
pip version: pip 9.0.1
How do I fix this error?

Upgrade pip as follows:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
Note: You may need to use sudo python above if not in a virtual environment.
(Note that upgrading pip using pip i.e pip install --upgrade pip will also not upgrade it correctly. It's just a chicken-and-egg issue. pip won't work unless using TLS >= 1.2.)
As mentioned in this detailed answer, this is due to the recent TLS deprecation for pip. Python.org sites have stopped support for TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1.
From the Python status page:
Completed - The rolling brownouts are finished, and TLSv1.0 and
TLSv1.1 have been disabled. Apr 11, 15:37 UTC
For PyCharm (virtualenv) users:
Run virtual environment with shell. (replace "./venv/bin/activate" to your own path)
source ./venv/bin/activate
Run upgrade
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
Restart your PyCharm instance, and check your Python interpreter in Preference.

But if the curl command itself fails with error, or "tlsv1 alert protocol version" persists even after upgrading pip, it means your operating system's underlying OpenSSL library version<1.0.1 or Python version<2.7.9 (or <3.4 in Python 3) do not support the newer TLS 1.2 protocol that pip needs to connect to PyPI since about a year ago. You can easily check it in Python interpreter:
>>> import ssl
>>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
'OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010'
>>> ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2'
The AttributeError (instead of expected '5') means your Python stdlib ssl module, compiled against old openssl lib, is lacking support for the TLSv1.2 protocol (even if the openssl library can or could be updated later).
Fortunately, it can be solved without upgrading Python (and the whole system), by manually installing extra Python packages -- the detailed step-by-step guide is available here on Stackoverflow.
Note, curl and pip and wget all depend on the same OpenSSL lib for establishing SSL connections (use $ openssl version command). libcurl supports TLS 1.2 since curl version 7.34, but older curl versions should be able to connect if you had OpenSSL version 1.0.2 (or later).
P.S.
For Python 3, please use python3 and pip3 everywhere (unless you are in a venv/virtualenv), including the curl command from above:
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3 --user

Following #Anupam's answer on OS X resulted in the following error for me, regardless of permissions I ran it with:
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: ...
What eventually worked was to download a newer pip package (9.0.3) from PyPI directly from my browser - https://pypi.org/simple/pip/, extract the contents, and then pip install the package locally:
pip install ./pip-9.0.3/
This fixed my [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] errors.

#Anupam's solution worked for me. However, I had to use sudo and specify the exact location of my virtual Python environment:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo /Users/{your user name}/{path to python}/bin/python

To upgrade the local version I used a slight variant:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python - --user
This problem arises if you keep your pip and packages under your home directory as described in this gist.

The following solution worked for me:
brew install python2
It also upgraded pip to version 1.10.1

Check your TLS version:
python2 -c "import urllib2,json; print(json.loads(urllib2.urlopen('https://www.howsmyssl.com/a/check').read())['tls_version'])"
If your TLS version is less than 1.2 you have to upgrade it since the PyPI repository is on a brownout period of deprecating early TLS.
Source - Time To Upgrade Your Python: TLS v1.2 Will Soon Be Mandatory
You can upgrade the TLS version using the following command:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install openssl libssl-dev
This should fix your problem.
Good luck!
EDIT:
You can download packages using your own private python package repository regardless of TLS version.
Private Python Package Repository

For all the python3 and pip3 users out there:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo python3
and then assume you want to install pandas
pip3 install pandas --user

This worked for me. Add sudo before python
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py |sudo python

For Python2 WIN10 Users:
1.Uninstall python thoroughly ,include all folders.
2.Fetch and install the lastest python-2.7.msi (ver 2.7.15)
3.After step 2,you may find pip had been installed too.
4.Now ,if your system'env haven't been changed,you can use pip to install packages now.The "tlsv1 alert protocol version" will not appear.

I tried all existing fixes and not working for me
I re-install python 2.7 (will also install pip) by downloading .pkg at https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/
works for me after installation downloaded pkg

I ran into this problem as well. The underlying problem is that the ssl library in Python 2.7 versions < 2.7.9 is no longer compatible with the pip mechanism.
If you are running on Windows, and you (like us) can't easily upgrade from an incompatible version of 2.7, FWIW, I found that if you copy the following files from another install of the latest version of Python (e.g. Python 2.7.15) on another machine to your installation:
Lib\ssl.py
libs\_ssl.lib
DLLs\_ssl.dll
it will effectively "upgrade" your SSL layer to one which is supported; we were then be able to use pip again, even to upgrade pip.

The answers of installing pip via:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py |sudo python or
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
did not work for me as I kept on getting the error:
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for pip
I had to install pip manually via:
Go the pip distribution website
Download the tar.gz version
Unpack the file locally and cd into the directory
run python setup.py install

This worked for me, I installed latest version of pip and then installed the library (ciscoconfparse).
Upgrading pip:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo /Users/{your user name}/{path to python}/bin/python

myenv:
python 2.7.14
pip 9.0.1
mac osx 10.9.4
mysolution:
download get-pip.py manually from https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/
run python get-pip.py
refs:
https://github.com/pypa/warehouse/issues/3293#issuecomment-378468534
https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/
Securely Download get-pip.py [1]
Run python get-pip.py. [2] This will install or upgrade pip. Additionally, it will install setuptools and wheel if they’re not installed already.
Ensure pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date
While pip alone is sufficient to install from pre-built binary archives, up to date copies of the setuptools and wheel projects are useful to ensure you can also install from source archives:
python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

I also hit this problem on my windows10 and tried all the answers but didn't solve my problem.
C:\python367\Scripts>pip install Flask
Collecting Flask Could not find a version that satisfies the
requirement Flask (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for
Flask
After that, I find the pip configuration file had been modified. So, I set the pip.ini as the original default configuration, re-run the pip command and it works for me!
In summary of the solution of mine:
Check the pip.ini (usually under the path C:\ProgramData\pip) had been modified;
If yes in step1, try to reset it to a default configuration.

Or simply the required library just isn't in the repo. I'm Python newbie and all advices about upgrading pip finally shown as misleading. I had just to look into https://pypi.org/ , finding the library (airflow in my case) stopped at some old version, after which it was renamed. Yes, also that silly solution is also possible :-).

Not able to install Python packages [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION]

I am trying to install a Python library using pip, getting an SSL error:
~/projects/base  pre-master± pip install xdict
Collecting xdict
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/xdict/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:590) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement xdict (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for xdict
pip version: pip 9.0.1
How do I fix this error?

Upgrade pip as follows:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
Note: You may need to use sudo python above if not in a virtual environment.
(Note that upgrading pip using pip i.e pip install --upgrade pip will also not upgrade it correctly. It's just a chicken-and-egg issue. pip won't work unless using TLS >= 1.2.)
As mentioned in this detailed answer, this is due to the recent TLS deprecation for pip. Python.org sites have stopped support for TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1.
From the Python status page:
Completed - The rolling brownouts are finished, and TLSv1.0 and
TLSv1.1 have been disabled. Apr 11, 15:37 UTC
For PyCharm (virtualenv) users:
Run virtual environment with shell. (replace "./venv/bin/activate" to your own path)
source ./venv/bin/activate
Run upgrade
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
Restart your PyCharm instance, and check your Python interpreter in Preference.

But if the curl command itself fails with error, or "tlsv1 alert protocol version" persists even after upgrading pip, it means your operating system's underlying OpenSSL library version<1.0.1 or Python version<2.7.9 (or <3.4 in Python 3) do not support the newer TLS 1.2 protocol that pip needs to connect to PyPI since about a year ago. You can easily check it in Python interpreter:
>>> import ssl
>>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
'OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010'
>>> ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2'
The AttributeError (instead of expected '5') means your Python stdlib ssl module, compiled against old openssl lib, is lacking support for the TLSv1.2 protocol (even if the openssl library can or could be updated later).
Fortunately, it can be solved without upgrading Python (and the whole system), by manually installing extra Python packages -- the detailed step-by-step guide is available here on Stackoverflow.
Note, curl and pip and wget all depend on the same OpenSSL lib for establishing SSL connections (use $ openssl version command). libcurl supports TLS 1.2 since curl version 7.34, but older curl versions should be able to connect if you had OpenSSL version 1.0.2 (or later).
P.S.
For Python 3, please use python3 and pip3 everywhere (unless you are in a venv/virtualenv), including the curl command from above:
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3 --user

Following #Anupam's answer on OS X resulted in the following error for me, regardless of permissions I ran it with:
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: ...
What eventually worked was to download a newer pip package (9.0.3) from PyPI directly from my browser - https://pypi.org/simple/pip/, extract the contents, and then pip install the package locally:
pip install ./pip-9.0.3/
This fixed my [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] errors.

#Anupam's solution worked for me. However, I had to use sudo and specify the exact location of my virtual Python environment:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo /Users/{your user name}/{path to python}/bin/python

To upgrade the local version I used a slight variant:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python - --user
This problem arises if you keep your pip and packages under your home directory as described in this gist.

The following solution worked for me:
brew install python2
It also upgraded pip to version 1.10.1

Check your TLS version:
python2 -c "import urllib2,json; print(json.loads(urllib2.urlopen('https://www.howsmyssl.com/a/check').read())['tls_version'])"
If your TLS version is less than 1.2 you have to upgrade it since the PyPI repository is on a brownout period of deprecating early TLS.
Source - Time To Upgrade Your Python: TLS v1.2 Will Soon Be Mandatory
You can upgrade the TLS version using the following command:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install openssl libssl-dev
This should fix your problem.
Good luck!
EDIT:
You can download packages using your own private python package repository regardless of TLS version.
Private Python Package Repository

For all the python3 and pip3 users out there:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo python3
and then assume you want to install pandas
pip3 install pandas --user

This worked for me. Add sudo before python
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py |sudo python

For Python2 WIN10 Users:
1.Uninstall python thoroughly ,include all folders.
2.Fetch and install the lastest python-2.7.msi (ver 2.7.15)
3.After step 2,you may find pip had been installed too.
4.Now ,if your system'env haven't been changed,you can use pip to install packages now.The "tlsv1 alert protocol version" will not appear.

I tried all existing fixes and not working for me
I re-install python 2.7 (will also install pip) by downloading .pkg at https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/
works for me after installation downloaded pkg

I ran into this problem as well. The underlying problem is that the ssl library in Python 2.7 versions < 2.7.9 is no longer compatible with the pip mechanism.
If you are running on Windows, and you (like us) can't easily upgrade from an incompatible version of 2.7, FWIW, I found that if you copy the following files from another install of the latest version of Python (e.g. Python 2.7.15) on another machine to your installation:
Lib\ssl.py
libs\_ssl.lib
DLLs\_ssl.dll
it will effectively "upgrade" your SSL layer to one which is supported; we were then be able to use pip again, even to upgrade pip.

The answers of installing pip via:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py |sudo python or
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
did not work for me as I kept on getting the error:
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for pip
I had to install pip manually via:
Go the pip distribution website
Download the tar.gz version
Unpack the file locally and cd into the directory
run python setup.py install

This worked for me, I installed latest version of pip and then installed the library (ciscoconfparse).
Upgrading pip:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo /Users/{your user name}/{path to python}/bin/python

myenv:
python 2.7.14
pip 9.0.1
mac osx 10.9.4
mysolution:
download get-pip.py manually from https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/
run python get-pip.py
refs:
https://github.com/pypa/warehouse/issues/3293#issuecomment-378468534
https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/
Securely Download get-pip.py [1]
Run python get-pip.py. [2] This will install or upgrade pip. Additionally, it will install setuptools and wheel if they’re not installed already.
Ensure pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date
While pip alone is sufficient to install from pre-built binary archives, up to date copies of the setuptools and wheel projects are useful to ensure you can also install from source archives:
python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

I also hit this problem on my windows10 and tried all the answers but didn't solve my problem.
C:\python367\Scripts>pip install Flask
Collecting Flask Could not find a version that satisfies the
requirement Flask (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for
Flask
After that, I find the pip configuration file had been modified. So, I set the pip.ini as the original default configuration, re-run the pip command and it works for me!
In summary of the solution of mine:
Check the pip.ini (usually under the path C:\ProgramData\pip) had been modified;
If yes in step1, try to reset it to a default configuration.

Or simply the required library just isn't in the repo. I'm Python newbie and all advices about upgrading pip finally shown as misleading. I had just to look into https://pypi.org/ , finding the library (airflow in my case) stopped at some old version, after which it was renamed. Yes, also that silly solution is also possible :-).

Trying to install package to my home directory results in error

I'm using Amazon Linux. I don't have sudo and want to install a package to my home direcotry. So I'm trying the below, but getting the error,
"No matching distribution found for awscii"
[myuser#mymachine ~]$ pip install --user awscii
DEPRECATION: Python 2.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team, please upgrade your Python. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.6
Collecting awscii
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:318: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Subject Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#snimissingwarning.
SNIMissingWarning
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:122: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
InsecurePlatformWarning
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement awscii (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for awscii
[myuser#mymachine ~]$
What is the proper way to install a python package to my home directory?

The default ec2-user has sudo privileges so you should be able to upgrade your python version
$ sudo yum update
I think this only should even upgrade you to python27.
If not if you want to install python 27
$ sudo yum install python27
If you want to install python 3
$ sudo yum install python34

pip install requirements.txt issue when deploying Django app on Heroku

I am trying to deploy my django app on Heroku using the following guidance: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/deploying-python. I reached the point where I have to create and populate the "requirements.txt" file with the following command:
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
However, I get the following error message
You must give at least one requirement to install (see "pip help install")
I tried two other commands
$ pip install -r requirements.txt requirements.txt
$ pip install --allow-all-external requirements.txt
but in both cases I get the following error
Collecting requirements.txt
/home/bastien/python/framework/scrapping/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:318: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Subject Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#snimissingwarning.
SNIMissingWarning
/home/bastien/python/framework/scrapping/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:122: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
InsecurePlatformWarning
Could you please tell me where the issue is coming from, how I can resolve it using the appropriate command lines or if there is a way to populate the requirements.txt file in any other way? Thanks.

pip install -r requirements.txt does not populate requirements.txt - it reads it as the source of names of packages to install. See https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#requirements-files for further details.
To capture your current installed package list to a requirements.txt, try pip freeze > requirements.txt.

Tweepy gives urllib 3 SSL warning

Python version: 2.6.6
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:79: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
InsecurePlatformWarning
Code:
api.update_status(status=myVar)
I imagine I need to downgrade something, just not sure what it is.
Tweepy was just installed to my Python 2.6.6 via pip.

I don't know what OS you're using, I'm using a Mac so hopefully this works for you.
If you are trying to update your pip to 6.1.1 you have to upgrade Python 2.7.9 because the certification is bundled together. You can see this in the README documentation for Python 2.7.9: "The bundled pip included with 2.7.9 has its own default certificate store for verifying download connections"
It also says that the 0.9.7 version of the OpenSSL library is out of date, so if you download a new version of python you have to make sure the version of OpenSSL it is linked to is up to date. Right now it should be the 10.5+ 32-bit variant and it is linked with a private copy of OpenSSL 1.0.1
After you've downloaded that try installing pip. I had permission issues so I had to use sudo to install using: sudo pip install --upgrade pip
If that doesn't work you can try upgrading your setup tools:
pip install --upgrade --no-use-wheel setuptools
or
pip install --upgrade setuptools
Then you will need to upgrade Python: pip install --upgrade python
If you need help with pip commands use: pip2.7 --help
After that you can double check to make sure the correct versions are installed using: pip --version and python --version.
I hope that helps!

I had this problem just then, but from the link given:
InsecurePlatformWarning
New in version 1.11.
Certain Python platforms (specifically, versions of Python earlier than 2.7.9) have restrictions in their ssl module that limit the configuration that urllib3 can apply. In particular, this can cause HTTPS requests that would succeed on more featureful platforms to fail, and can cause certain security features to be unavailable.
Updating from 2.7.6 to 2.7.9 fixed the warning.