Matplotlib negative axis - python

I want to fit y=mx+c straight line to my data points, but in log form. For this purpose I am using curve_fit module. My simple code is
def func(x,m,c):
return (x*m + c)
x=log10(xdata)
y=log10(ydata)
err=log10(error)
coeff, var = curve_fit(func,x,y,sigma=err)
yfit = func(x,coeff[0],coeff[1])
pl.plot(x,y,'r0')
pl.plot(x,yfit,'k-')
pl.show()
This plot gives me negative numbers on y axis as my y values are in mV. Is there any way to use original xdata and ydata (in mV) on plots with log fitting?

Plot transformed variables instead.
plot(10**x, 10**yfit, 'k-')
and maybe display the plot in log scale
set_yscale('log')

Related

Is there a way in lmfit to only show the curve of the fit?

So I wrote some code with the help of lmfit to fit a Gaussian curve on some histogram data. While the curve itself is fine, when I try to plot the results in matplotlib, it displays the fit along with the data points. In reality, I want to plot histogram bars with the curve fit. How do you do this? Or alternatively, is there a way in lmfit to only show the fit curve and then add the histogram plot and combine them together?
Relevant part of my code:
counts, bin_edges = np.histogram(some_array, bins=1000)
bin_widths = np.diff(bin_edges)
x = bin_edges[:-1] + (bin_widths / 2)
y = counts
mod = GaussianModel()
pars = mod.guess(y, x=x)
final_fit = mod.fit(y, pars, x=x)
final_fit.plot_fit()
plt.show()
Here's the graphed result:
Gaussian curve
lmfit's builtin plotting routines are minimal wrappers around matplotlib, intended to give reasonable default plots for many cases. They don't make histograms.
But the arrays are readily available and using matplotlib to make a histogram is easy. I think all you need is:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.hist(some_array, bins=1000, rwidth=0.5, label='binned data')
plt.plot(x, final_fit.best_fit, label='best fit')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Using SciPy to interpolate data into a quadratic fit

I have a set of data that when plotted most points congregate to the left of the x axis:
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
plt.title('Original')
plt.show()
ORIGINAL GRAPH
I want to use scipy to interpolate the data and later try to fit a quadratic line to the data. I am avoiding to simply fit a quadratic curve without interpolation since this will make the obtained curve biased towards the mass of data at one extreme end of the x axis. I tried this by using
f = interp1d(x, y, kind='quadratic')
# Array with points in between min(x) and max(x) for interpolation
x_interp = np.linspace(min(x), max(x), num=np.size(x))
# Plot graph with interpolation
plt.plot(x_interp, f(x_interp), marker='o')
plt.title('Interpolated')
plt.show()
and got INTERPOLATED GRAPH.
However, what I intend to get is something like this:
EXPECTED GRAPH
What am I doing wrong?
My values for x can be found here and values for y here.
Thank you!
Solution 1
I'm pretty sure this does what you want. It fits a second degree (quadratic) polynomial to your data, then plots that function on an evenly spaced array of x values ranging from the minimum to the maximum of your original x data.
new_x = np.linspace(min(x), max(x), num=np.size(x))
coefs = np.polyfit(x,y,2)
new_line = np.polyval(coefs, new_x)
Plotting it returns:
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.scatter(new_x,new_line,c='g', marker='^', s=5)
plt.xlim(min(x)-0.00001,max(x)+0.00001)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
if that wasn't what you meant...
However, from your question, it seems like you might be trying to force all your original y-values onto evenly spaced x-values (if that's not your intention, let me know, and I'll just delete this part).
This is also possible, there are lots of ways to do this, but I've done it here in pandas:
import pandas as pd
xy_df=pd.DataFrame({'x_orig': x, 'y_orig': y})
sorted_x_y=xy_df.sort_values('x_orig')
sorted_x_y['new_x'] = np.linspace(min(x), max(x), np.size(x))
plt.figure(figsize=[5,5])
plt.scatter(sorted_x_y['new_x'], sorted_x_y['y_orig'])
plt.xlim(min(x)-0.00001,max(x)+0.00001)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.tight_layout()
Which looks pretty different from your original data... which is why I think it might not be exactly what you're looking for.

The line of best fit doesn't match the scatter plot

Below is my scatter plot with a regression linear. Just by looking at how the markers are distributed on the plot, I feel like the linear is not covering them correctly. From what i see, it is supposed to be more of a diagonal and a more straight line instead of a curve. here is my code producing the plot:
for i in range (len(linkKarmaList)):
plt.scatter(commentKarmaList[i], linkKarmaList[i], marker="o", s=len(clearModSet[i])*1.0*0.9)
x = numpy.asarray(commentKarmaList)
y = numpy.asarray(linkKarmaList )
plt.plot(numpy.unique(x), numpy.poly1d(numpy.polyfit(x, y, 1))(numpy.unique(x)))
plt.xlabel('Comment Karma ')
plt.ylabel('Link Karma')
plt.title('Link and comment Karma of most popular Forums on reddit')
plt.xscale('log')
plt.yscale('log')
plt.legend()
plt.show
Am I interpreting that correctly? What am I missing?
You're trying to fit a straight line y = a*x + b, which doesn't look like a straight line in log-space. Instead, you should be plotting a straight line in log-space.
This comes down to log(y) = a * log(x) + b
Which we can then rewrite to log(y) = log(x^a) + b
If we then take the exponent of this, we find:
y = x^a * 10^b or just y = C * x^a, where C (=10^b) and a are the fitting parameters and x and y are your data.
This is the function that makes a straight line in log-log space, which is the function you should try to fit against your data.
From what you show, I'd say the problem is that in the log-log plot the scatterplot looks more or less like a line.
The problem is that you're fitting against natural values and then plotting in a log-log plot.

Plotting KDE with logarithmic x-data in Matplotlib

I want to plot a KDE for some data with data that covers a large range in x-values. Therefore I want to use a logarithmic scale for the x-axis. For plotting I was using seaborn and the solution from Plotting 2D Kernel Density Estimation with Python, both of which fail once I set the xscale to logarithmic. When I take the logarithm of my x-data beforehand, everything looks fine, except the tics and ticlabels are still linear with the logarithm of the actual values as the labels. I could manually change the tics using something like:
labels = np.array(ax.get_xticks().tolist(), dtype=np.float64)
new_labels = [r'$10^{%.1f}$' % (labels[i]) for i in range(len(labels))]
ax.set_xticklabels(new_labels)
but in my eyes that looks just wrong and is nothing close to the axis labels (including the minor tics) when I would just use
ax.set_xscale('log')
Is there an easier way to plot a KDE with logarithmic x-data? Or is it possible to just change the tic- or label-scale without changing the scaling of the data, so that I could plot the logarithmic values of x and change the scaling of the labels afterwards?
Edit:
The plot I want to create looks like this:
The two right columns are what it is supposed to look like. There I used the the x data with the logarithm already applied. I don't like the labels on the x-axis, though.
The left column displays the plots, when the original data is used for the kde and all the other plots, and afterwards the scale is changed using
ax.set_xscale('log')
For some reason the kde, does not look like it is supposed to look. This is also not a result of erroneous data, since it looks just fine if the logarithmic data is used.
Edit 2:
A working example of code is
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
data = np.random.multivariate_normal((0, 0), [[0.8, 0.05], [0.05, 0.7]], 100)
x = np.power(10, data[:, 0])
y = data[:, 1]
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 1)
sns.kdeplot(data=np.log10(x), data2=y, ax=ax[0])
sns.kdeplot(data=x, data2=y, ax=ax[1])
ax[1].set_xscale('log')
plt.show()
The ax[1] plot is not displayed correctly for me (the x-axis is inverted), but the general behavior is the same as for the case described above. I believe the problem lies with the bandwidth of the kde, which should probably account for the logarithmic x-data.
I found an answer that works for me and wanted to post it in case someone else has a similar problem.
Based on the accepted answer from this post, I defined a function that first applies the logarithm to the x-data and after the KDE was performed, transforms the x-values back to the original values. Afterwards I can simply plot the contours and use ax.set_xscale('log')
import numpy as np
import scipy.stats as st
def logx_kde(x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax):
x = np.log10(x)
# Peform the kernel density estimate
xx, yy = np.mgrid[xmin:xmax:100j, ymin:ymax:100j]
positions = np.vstack([xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
values = np.vstack([x, y])
kernel = st.gaussian_kde(values)
f = np.reshape(kernel(positions).T, xx.shape)
return np.power(10, xx), yy, f

Excel-like Interpolation in Python

Plotting my data in excel as a scatter plot with smooth line and markers produces the type of figure I'm expecting. Image of Excel plots:
However when trying to plot the data in matplotlib I'm running into some issues with interpolation. I'm using the interpolation package from SciPy, I've tried a range of different interpolation methods including spline interpolation and BarycentricInterpolator as suggested previously. These plots are obviously very different to the excel produced plots however:
I've tried different smoothing and k values for spline interpolation, while the curve changes the root problem still exists.
How would I be able to produce a fitted curve similar to the excel-produced plots?
Thanks
The problem is that you interpolate the data on a linear scale but expect the outcome to look smooth on a logarithmic scale.
The idea would therefore be perform the interpolation on a log scale already by transforming the data to its logarithm first and then perform the interpolation. You can then transform it back to linear scale such that you can plot it on a log scale again.
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d, Akima1DInterpolator
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([0.02,0.2,2,20,200])
y = np.array([700,850,680,410, 700])
plt.plot(x,y, marker="o", ls="")
sx=np.log10(x)
xi_ = np.linspace(sx.min(),sx.max(), num=201)
xi = 10**(xi_)
f = interp1d(sx,y, kind="cubic")
yi = f(xi_)
plt.plot(xi,yi, label="cubic spline")
f2 = Akima1DInterpolator(sx, y)
yi2 = f2(xi_)
plt.plot(xi,yi2, label="Akima")
plt.gca().set_xscale("log")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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