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I want to add sub-index in python with pandas [duplicate]

When using groupby(), how can I create a DataFrame with a new column containing an index of the group number, similar to dplyr::group_indices in R. For example, if I have
>>> df=pd.DataFrame({'a':[1,1,1,2,2,2],'b':[1,1,2,1,1,2]})
>>> df
a b
0 1 1
1 1 1
2 1 2
3 2 1
4 2 1
5 2 2
How can I get a DataFrame like
a b idx
0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2
3 2 1 3
4 2 1 3
5 2 2 4
(the order of the idx indexes doesn't matter)

Here is the solution using ngroup (available as of pandas 0.20.2) from a comment above by Constantino.
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'a':[1,1,1,2,2,2],'b':[1,1,2,1,1,2]})
df['idx'] = df.groupby(['a', 'b']).ngroup()
df
a b idx
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
2 1 2 1
3 2 1 2
4 2 1 2
5 2 2 3

Here's a concise way using drop_duplicates and merge to get a unique identifier.
group_vars = ['a','b']
df.merge( df.drop_duplicates( group_vars ).reset_index(), on=group_vars )
a b index
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
2 1 2 2
3 2 1 3
4 2 1 3
5 2 2 5
The identifier in this case goes 0,2,3,5 (just a residual of original index) but this could be easily changed to 0,1,2,3 with an additional reset_index(drop=True).
Update: Newer versions of pandas (0.20.2) offer a simpler way to do this with the ngroup method as noted in a comment to the question above by #Constantino and a subsequent answer by #CalumYou. I'll leave this here as an alternate approach but ngroup seems like the better way to do this in most cases.

A simple way to do that would be to concatenate your grouping columns (so that each combination of their values represents a uniquely distinct element), then convert it to a pandas Categorical and keep only its labels:
df['idx'] = pd.Categorical(df['a'].astype(str) + '_' + df['b'].astype(str)).codes
df
a b idx
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
2 1 2 1
3 2 1 2
4 2 1 2
5 2 2 3
Edit: changed labels properties to codes as the former seem to be deprecated
Edit2: Added a separator as suggested by Authman Apatira

Definetely not the most straightforward solution, but here is what I would do (comments in the code):
df=pd.DataFrame({'a':[1,1,1,2,2,2],'b':[1,1,2,1,1,2]})
#create a dummy grouper id by just joining desired rows
df["idx"] = df[["a","b"]].astype(str).apply(lambda x: "".join(x),axis=1)
print df
That would generate an unique idx for each combination of a and b.
a b idx
0 1 1 11
1 1 1 11
2 1 2 12
3 2 1 21
4 2 1 21
5 2 2 22
But this is still a rather silly index (think about some more complex values in columns a and b. So let's clear the index:
# create a dictionary of dummy group_ids and their index-wise representation
dict_idx = dict(enumerate(set(df["idx"])))
# switch keys and values, so you can use dict in .replace method
dict_idx = {y:x for x,y in dict_idx.iteritems()}
#replace values with the generated dict
df["idx"].replace(dict_idx,inplace=True)
print df
That would produce the desired output:
a b idx
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
2 1 2 1
3 2 1 2
4 2 1 2
5 2 2 3

A way that I believe is faster than the current accepted answer by about an order of magnitude (timing results below):
def create_index_usingduplicated(df, grouping_cols=['a', 'b']):
df.sort_values(grouping_cols, inplace=True)
# You could do the following three lines in one, I just thought
# this would be clearer as an explanation of what's going on:
duplicated = df.duplicated(subset=grouping_cols, keep='first')
new_group = ~duplicated
return new_group.cumsum()
Timing results:
a = np.random.randint(0, 1000, size=int(1e5))
b = np.random.randint(0, 1000, size=int(1e5))
df = pd.DataFrame({'a': a, 'b': b})
In [6]: %timeit df['idx'] = pd.Categorical(df['a'].astype(str) + df['b'].astype(str)).codes
1 loop, best of 3: 375 ms per loop
In [7]: %timeit df['idx'] = create_index_usingduplicated(df, grouping_cols=['a', 'b'])
100 loops, best of 3: 17.7 ms per loop

I'm not sure this is such a trivial problem. Here is a somewhat convoluted solution that first sorts the grouping columns and then checks whether each row is different than the previous row and if so accumulates by 1. Check further below for an answer with string data.
df.sort_values(['a', 'b']).diff().fillna(0).ne(0).any(1).cumsum().add(1)
Output
0 1
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 3
5 4
dtype: int64
So breaking this up into steps, lets see the output of df.sort_values(['a', 'b']).diff().fillna(0) which checks if each row is different than the previous row. Any non-zero entry indicates a new group.
a b
0 0.0 0.0
1 0.0 0.0
2 0.0 1.0
3 1.0 -1.0
4 0.0 0.0
5 0.0 1.0
A new group only need to have a single column different so this is what .ne(0).any(1) checks - not equal to 0 for any of the columns. And then just a cumulative sum to keep track of the groups.
Answer for columns as strings
#create fake data and sort it
df=pd.DataFrame({'a':list('aabbaccdc'),'b':list('aabaacddd')})
df1 = df.sort_values(['a', 'b'])
output of df1
a b
0 a a
1 a a
4 a a
3 b a
2 b b
5 c c
6 c d
8 c d
7 d d
Take similar approach by checking if group has changed
df1.ne(df1.shift().bfill()).any(1).cumsum().add(1)
0 1
1 1
4 1
3 2
2 3
5 4
6 5
8 5
7 6

Pandas: return the occurrences of the most frequent value for each group (possibly without apply)

Let's assume the input dataset:
test1 = [[0,7,50], [0,3,51], [0,3,45], [1,5,50],[1,0,50],[2,6,50]]
df_test = pd.DataFrame(test1, columns=['A','B','C'])
that corresponds to:
A B C
0 0 7 50
1 0 3 51
2 0 3 45
3 1 5 50
4 1 0 50
5 2 6 50
I would like to obtain the a dataset grouped by 'A', together with the most common value for 'B' in each group, and the occurrences of that value:
A most_freq freq
0 3 2
1 5 1
2 6 1
I can obtain the first 2 columns with:
grouped = df_test.groupby("A")
out_df = pd.DataFrame(index=grouped.groups.keys())
out_df['most_freq'] = df_test.groupby('A')['B'].apply(lambda x: x.value_counts().idxmax())
but I am having problems the last column.
Also: is there a faster way that doesn't involve 'apply'? This solution doesn't scale well with lager inputs (I also tried dask).
Thanks a lot!

Use SeriesGroupBy.value_counts which sorting by default, so then add DataFrame.drop_duplicates for top values after Series.reset_index:
df = (df_test.groupby('A')['B']
.value_counts()
.rename_axis(['A','most_freq'])
.reset_index(name='freq')
.drop_duplicates('A'))
print (df)
A most_freq freq
0 0 3 2
2 1 0 1
4 2 6 1

Sum of count where values are less than row

I'm using Pandas to come up with new column that will search through the entire column with values [1-100] and will count the values where it's less than the current row.
See [df] example below:
[A][NewCol]
1 0
3 2
2 1
5 4
8 5
3 2
Essentially, for each row I need to look at the entire Column A, and count how many values are less than the current row. So for Value 5, there are 4 values that are less (<) than 5 (1,2,3,3).
What would be the easiest way of doing this?
Thanks!

One way to do it like this, use rank with method='min':
df['NewCol'] = (df['A'].rank(method='min') - 1).astype(int)
Output:
A NewCol
0 1 0
1 3 2
2 2 1
3 5 4
4 8 5
5 3 2

I am using numpy broadcast
s=df.A.values
(s[:,None]>s).sum(1)
Out[649]: array([0, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2])
#df['NewCol']=(s[:,None]>s).sum(1)
timing
df=pd.concat([df]*1000)
%%timeit
s=df.A.values
(s[:,None]>s).sum(1)
10 loops, best of 3: 83.7 ms per loop
%timeit (df['A'].rank(method='min') - 1).astype(int)
1000 loops, best of 3: 479 µs per loop

Try this code
A = [Your numbers]
less_than = []
for element in A:
counter = 0
for number in A:
if number < element:
counter += 1
less_than.append(counter)

You can do it this way:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1,3,2,5,8,3]})
df['NewCol'] = 0
for idx, row in df.iterrows():
df.loc[idx, 'NewCol'] = (df.loc[:, 'A'] < row.A).sum()
print(df)
A NewCol
0 1 0
1 3 2
2 2 1
3 5 4
4 8 5
5 3 2

Another way is sort and reset index:
m=df.A.sort_values().reset_index(drop=True).reset_index()
m.columns=['new','A']
print(m)
new A
0 0 1
1 1 2
2 2 3
3 3 3
4 4 5
5 5 8

You didn't specify if speed or memory usage was important (or if you had a very large dataset). The "easiest" way to do it is straightfoward: calculate how many are less then i for each entry in the column and collect those into a new column:
df=pd.DataFrame({'A': [1,3,2,5,8,3]})
col=df['A']
df['new_col']=[ sum(col<i) for i in col ]
print(df)
Result:
A new_col
0 1 0
1 3 2
2 2 1
3 5 4
4 8 5
5 3 2
There might be more efficient ways to do this on large datasets, such as sorting your column first.

create pandas pivottable with a long multiindex

I have a dataframe df with the shape (4573,64) that I'm trying to pivot. The last column is an 'id' with two possible string values 'old' and 'new'. I would like to set the first 63 columns as index and then have the 'id' column across the top with values being the count of 'old' or 'new' for each index row.
I've created a list object out of columns labels that I want as index named cols.
I tried the following:
df.pivot(index=cols, columns='id')['id']
this gives an error: 'all arrays must be same length'
also tried the following to see if I can get sum but no luck either:
pd.pivot_table(df,index=cols,values=['id'],aggfunc=np.sum)
any ides greatly appreciated

I found a thread online talking about a possible bug in pandas 0.23.0 where the pandas.pivot_table() will not accept the multiindex as long as it contains NaN's (link to github in comments). My workaround was to do
df.fillna('empty', inplace=True)
then the solution below:
df1 = pd.pivot_table(df, index=cols,columns='id',aggfunc='size', fill_value=0)
as proposed by jezrael will work as intended hence the answer accepted.

I believe need convert columns names to list and then aggregate size with unstack:
df = pd.DataFrame({'B':[4,4,4,5,5,4],
'C':[1,1,9,4,2,3],
'D':[1,1,5,7,1,0],
'E':[0,0,6,9,2,4],
'id':list('aaabbb')})
print (df)
B C D E id
0 4 1 1 0 a
1 4 1 1 0 a
2 4 9 5 6 a
3 5 4 7 9 b
4 5 2 1 2 b
5 4 3 0 4 b
cols = df.columns.tolist()
df1 = df.groupby(cols)['id'].size().unstack(fill_value=0)
print (df1)
id a b
B C D E
4 1 1 0 2 0
3 0 4 0 1
9 5 6 1 0
5 2 1 2 0 1
4 7 9 0 1
Solution with pivot_table:
df1 = pd.pivot_table(df, index=cols,columns='id',aggfunc='size', fill_value=0)
print (df1)
id a b
B C D E
4 1 1 0 2 0
3 0 4 0 1
9 5 6 1 0
5 2 1 2 0 1
4 7 9 0 1

How to duplicate Python dataframe one by one? [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
How can I replicate rows of a Pandas DataFrame?
(10 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
I have a pandas.DataFrame as follows:
df1 =
a b
0 1 2
1 3 4
I'd like to make this three times to become:
df2 =
a b
0 1 2
0 1 2
0 1 2
1 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4
df2 is made from a loop, but it is not efficient.
How can I get df2 from df1 using a matrix way which is faster?

Build a one dimensional indexer to slice both the the values array and index. You must take care of the index as well to get your desired results.
use np.repeat on an np.arange to get the indexer
construct a new dataframe using this indexer on both values and the index
r = np.arange(len(df)).repeat(3)
pd.DataFrame(df.values[r], df.index[r], df.columns)
a b
0 1 2
0 1 2
0 1 2
1 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4

You can use np.repeat
df = pd.DataFrame(np.repeat(df.values,[3,3], axis = 0), columns = df.columns)
You get
a b
0 1 2
1 1 2
2 1 2
3 3 4
4 3 4
5 3 4
Time testing:
%timeit pd.DataFrame(np.repeat(df.values,[3,3], axis = 0))
1000 loops, best of 3: 235 µs per loop
%timeit pd.concat([df] * 3).sort_index()
best of 3: 1.26 ms per loop
Numpy is definitely faster in most cases so no surprises there
EDIT: I am not sure if you would be looking for repeating indices but incase you do,
pd.DataFrame(np.repeat(df.values,3, axis = 0), index = np.repeat(df.index, 3), columns = df.columns)

I do not know if it is more efficient than your loop, but it easy enough to construct as:
Code:
pd.concat([df] * 3).sort_index()
Test Code:
df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns=list('ab'))
print(pd.concat([df] * 3).sort_index())
Results:
a b
0 1 2
0 1 2
0 1 2
1 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4

You can use numpy.repeat with parameter scalar 3 and then add columns parameter to DataFrame constructor:
df = pd.DataFrame(np.repeat(df.values, 3, axis=0), columns=df.columns)
print (df)
a b
0 1 2
1 1 2
2 1 2
3 3 4
4 3 4
5 3 4
If really want duplicated index what can complicated some pandas functions like reindex which failed:
r = np.repeat(np.arange(len(df.index)), 3)
df = pd.DataFrame(df.values[r], df.index[r], df.columns)
print (df)
a b
0 1 2
0 1 2
0 1 2
1 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4

Not the fastest (not the slowest either) but the shortest solution so far.
#Build a index array and extract the rows to build the desired new df. This handles index and data all at once.
df.iloc[np.repeat(df.index,3)]
Out[270]: In [271]:
a b
0 1 2
0 1 2
0 1 2
1 3 4
1 3 4
1 3 4